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TheArtOfHttpScripting: grammar

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peterpih 2017-01-04 01:37:59 -06:00 committed by Jay Satiro
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@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
address and that's what curl will communicate with. Alternatively you specify address and that's what curl will communicate with. Alternatively you specify
the IP address directly in the URL instead of a name. the IP address directly in the URL instead of a name.
For development and other trying out situation, you can point out a different For development and other trying out situations, you can point to a different
IP address for a host name than what would otherwise be used, by using curl's IP address for a host name than what would otherwise be used, by using curl's
--resolve option: --resolve option:
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
2.3 Port number 2.3 Port number
Each protocol curl supports operate on a default port number, be it over TCP Each protocol curl supports operates on a default port number, be it over TCP
or in some cases UDP. Normally you don't have to take that into or in some cases UDP. Normally you don't have to take that into
consideration, but at times you run test servers on other ports or consideration, but at times you run test servers on other ports or
similar. Then you can specify the port number in the URL with a colon and a similar. Then you can specify the port number in the URL with a colon and a
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
The port number you specify in the URL is the number that the server uses to The port number you specify in the URL is the number that the server uses to
offer its services. Sometimes you may use a local proxy, and then you may offer its services. Sometimes you may use a local proxy, and then you may
need to specify that proxy's port number separate on what curl needs to need to specify that proxy's port number separately for what curl needs to
connect to locally. Like when using a HTTP proxy on port 4321: connect to locally. Like when using a HTTP proxy on port 4321:
curl --proxy http://proxy.example.org:4321 http://remote.example.org/ curl --proxy http://proxy.example.org:4321 http://remote.example.org/
@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
2.4 User name and password 2.4 User name and password
Some services are setup to require HTTP authentication and then you need to Some services are setup to require HTTP authentication and then you need to
provide name and password which then is transferred to the remote site in provide name and password which is then transferred to the remote site in
various ways depending on the exact authentication protocol used. various ways depending on the exact authentication protocol used.
You can opt to either insert the user and password in the URL or you can You can opt to either insert the user and password in the URL or you can
@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
3.1 GET 3.1 GET
The simplest and most common request/operation made using HTTP is to get a The simplest and most common request/operation made using HTTP is to GET a
URL. The URL could itself refer to a web page, an image or a file. The client URL. The URL could itself refer to a web page, an image or a file. The client
issues a GET request to the server and receives the document it asked for. issues a GET request to the server and receives the document it asked for.
If you issue the command line If you issue the command line
@ -269,14 +269,14 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
4.1 Forms explained 4.1 Forms explained
Forms are the general way a web site can present a HTML page with fields for Forms are the general way a web site can present a HTML page with fields for
the user to enter data in, and then press some kind of 'OK' or 'submit' the user to enter data in, and then press some kind of 'OK' or 'Submit'
button to get that data sent to the server. The server then typically uses button to get that data sent to the server. The server then typically uses
the posted data to decide how to act. Like using the entered words to search the posted data to decide how to act. Like using the entered words to search
in a database, or to add the info in a bug track system, display the entered in a database, or to add the info in a bug tracking system, display the entered
address on a map or using the info as a login-prompt verifying that the user address on a map or using the info as a login-prompt verifying that the user
is allowed to see what it is about to see. is allowed to see what it is about to see.
Of course there has to be some kind of program in the server end to receive Of course there has to be some kind of program on the server end to receive
the data you send. You cannot just invent something out of the air. the data you send. You cannot just invent something out of the air.
4.2 GET 4.2 GET
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
4.5 Hidden Fields 4.5 Hidden Fields
A very common way for HTML based application to pass state information A very common way for HTML based applications to pass state information
between pages is to add hidden fields to the forms. Hidden fields are between pages is to add hidden fields to the forms. Hidden fields are
already filled in, they aren't displayed to the user and they get passed already filled in, they aren't displayed to the user and they get passed
along just as all the other fields. along just as all the other fields.
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
<input type=submit name="press" value="OK"> <input type=submit name="press" value="OK">
</form> </form>
To post this with curl, you won't have to think about if the fields are To POST this with curl, you won't have to think about if the fields are
hidden or not. To curl they're all the same: hidden or not. To curl they're all the same:
curl --data "birthyear=1905&press=OK&person=daniel" [URL] curl --data "birthyear=1905&press=OK&person=daniel" [URL]
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
5.1 PUT 5.1 PUT
The perhaps best way to upload data to a HTTP server is to use PUT. Then Perhaps the best way to upload data to a HTTP server is to use PUT. Then
again, this of course requires that someone put a program or script on the again, this of course requires that someone put a program or script on the
server end that knows how to receive a HTTP PUT stream. server end that knows how to receive a HTTP PUT stream.
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
If your proxy requires the authentication to be done using the NTLM method, If your proxy requires the authentication to be done using the NTLM method,
use --proxy-ntlm, if it requires Digest use --proxy-digest. use --proxy-ntlm, if it requires Digest use --proxy-digest.
If you use any one these user+password options but leave out the password If you use any one of these user+password options but leave out the password
part, curl will prompt for the password interactively. part, curl will prompt for the password interactively.
6.4 Hiding credentials 6.4 Hiding credentials
@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
to redirect is Location:. to redirect is Location:.
Curl does not follow Location: headers by default, but will simply display Curl does not follow Location: headers by default, but will simply display
such pages in the same manner it display all HTTP replies. It does however such pages in the same manner it displays all HTTP replies. It does however
feature an option that will make it attempt to follow the Location: pointers. feature an option that will make it attempt to follow the Location: pointers.
To tell curl to follow a Location: To tell curl to follow a Location:
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
(Take note that the --cookie-jar option described below is a better way to (Take note that the --cookie-jar option described below is a better way to
store cookies.) store cookies.)
Curl has a full blown cookie parsing engine built-in that comes to use if you Curl has a full blown cookie parsing engine built-in that comes in use if you
want to reconnect to a server and use cookies that were stored from a want to reconnect to a server and use cookies that were stored from a
previous connection (or hand-crafted manually to fool the server into previous connection (or hand-crafted manually to fool the server into
believing you had a previous connection). To use previously stored cookies, believing you had a previous connection). To use previously stored cookies,
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
10.1 HTTPS is HTTP secure 10.1 HTTPS is HTTP secure
There are a few ways to do secure HTTP transfers. The by far most common There are a few ways to do secure HTTP transfers. By far the most common
protocol for doing this is what is generally known as HTTPS, HTTP over protocol for doing this is what is generally known as HTTPS, HTTP over
SSL. SSL encrypts all the data that is sent and received over the network and SSL. SSL encrypts all the data that is sent and received over the network and
thus makes it harder for attackers to spy on sensitive information. thus makes it harder for attackers to spy on sensitive information.
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
12.1 Some login tricks 12.1 Some login tricks
While not strictly just HTTP related, it still cause a lot of people problems While not strictly just HTTP related, it still causes a lot of people problems
so here's the executive run-down of how the vast majority of all login forms so here's the executive run-down of how the vast majority of all login forms
work and how to login to them using curl. work and how to login to them using curl.
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
make sure you got there through their login page) so you should make a habit make sure you got there through their login page) so you should make a habit
of first getting the login-form page to capture the cookies set there. of first getting the login-form page to capture the cookies set there.
Some web-based login systems features various amounts of javascript, and Some web-based login systems feature various amounts of javascript, and
sometimes they use such code to set or modify cookie contents. Possibly they sometimes they use such code to set or modify cookie contents. Possibly they
do that to prevent programmed logins, like this manual describes how to... do that to prevent programmed logins, like this manual describes how to...
Anyway, if reading the code isn't enough to let you repeat the behavior Anyway, if reading the code isn't enough to let you repeat the behavior