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added some -c talk, spell checked

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Daniel Stenberg 2001-10-31 13:42:38 +00:00
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docs/TheArtOfHttpScripting
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Online: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/httpscripting.shtml Online: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/httpscripting.shtml
Author: Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se> Author: Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se>
Date: August 20, 2001 Date: October 31, 2001
Version: 0.4 Version: 0.5
The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
============================================= =============================================
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2. URL 2. URL
The Uniform Resource Locator format is how you specify the address of a The Uniform Resource Locator format is how you specify the address of a
particular resource on the internet. You know these, you've seen URLs like particular resource on the Internet. You know these, you've seen URLs like
http://curl.haxx.se or https://yourbank.com a million times. http://curl.haxx.se or https://yourbank.com a million times.
3. GET a page 3. GET a page
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The simplest and most common request/operation made using HTTP is to get a The simplest and most common request/operation made using HTTP is to get a
URL. The URL could itself refer to a web page, an image or a file. The client URL. The URL could itself refer to a web page, an image or a file. The client
issues a GET request to the server and receives the document it asked for. issues a GET request to the server and receives the document it asked for.
If you isse the command line If you issue the command line
curl http://curl.haxx.se curl http://curl.haxx.se
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<input type=submit name=press value="OK"> <input type=submit name=press value="OK">
</form> </form>
In your favourite browser, this form will appear with a text box to fill in In your favorite browser, this form will appear with a text box to fill in
and a press-button labeled "OK". If you fill in '1905' and press the OK and a press-button labeled "OK". If you fill in '1905' and press the OK
button, your browser will then create a new URL to get for you. The URL will button, your browser will then create a new URL to get for you. The URL will
get "junk.cgi?birthyear=1905&press=OK" appended to the path part of the get "junk.cgi?birthyear=1905&press=OK" appended to the path part of the
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4.3 FILE UPLOAD POST 4.3 FILE UPLOAD POST
Back in late 1995 they defined a new way to post data over HTTP. It was Back in late 1995 they defined a new way to post data over HTTP. It was
documented in the RFC 1867, why this method sometimes is refered to as documented in the RFC 1867, why this method sometimes is referred to as
a rfc1867-posting. a RFC1867-posting.
This method is mainly designed to better support file uploads. A form that This method is mainly designed to better support file uploads. A form that
allows a user to upload a file could be written like this in HTML: allows a user to upload a file could be written like this in HTML:
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way your browser does. way your browser does.
An easy way to get to see this, is to save the HTML page with the form on An easy way to get to see this, is to save the HTML page with the form on
your local disk, mofidy the 'method' to a GET, and press the submit button your local disk, modify the 'method' to a GET, and press the submit button
(you could also change the action URL if you want to). (you could also change the action URL if you want to).
You will then clearly see the data get appended to the URL, separated with a You will then clearly see the data get appended to the URL, separated with a
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Sometimes your HTTP access is only available through the use of a HTTP Sometimes your HTTP access is only available through the use of a HTTP
proxy. This seems to be especially common at various companies. A HTTP proxy proxy. This seems to be especially common at various companies. A HTTP proxy
may require its own user and password to allow the client to get through to may require its own user and password to allow the client to get through to
the internet. To specify those with curl, run something like: the Internet. To specify those with curl, run something like:
curl -U proxyuser:proxypassword curl.haxx.se curl -U proxyuser:proxypassword curl.haxx.se
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contents to the server, unless of course they are expired. contents to the server, unless of course they are expired.
Many applications and servers use this method to connect a series of requests Many applications and servers use this method to connect a series of requests
into a single logical session. To be able to use curl in such occations, we into a single logical session. To be able to use curl in such occasions, we
must be able to record and send back cookies the way the web application must be able to record and send back cookies the way the web application
expects them. The same way browsers deal with them. expects them. The same way browsers deal with them.
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curl -b nada -L www.cookiesite.com curl -b nada -L www.cookiesite.com
Curl has the ability to read and write cookie files that use the same file
format that Netscape and Mozilla do. It is a convenient way to share cookies
between browsers and automatic scripts. The -b switch automatically detects
if a given file is such a cookie file and parses it, and by using the
-c/--cookie-jar option you'll make curl write a new cookie file at the end of
an operation:
curl -b cookies.txt -c newcookies.txt www.cookiesite.com
11. HTTPS 11. HTTPS
There are a few ways to do secure HTTP transfers. The by far most common There are a few ways to do secure HTTP transfers. The by far most common
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you need to enter the unlock-code before the certificate can be used by you need to enter the unlock-code before the certificate can be used by
curl. The PIN-code can be specified on the command line or if not, entered curl. The PIN-code can be specified on the command line or if not, entered
interactively when curl queries for it. Use a certificate with curl on a interactively when curl queries for it. Use a certificate with curl on a
https server like: HTTPS server like:
curl -E mycert.pem https://that.secure.server.com curl -E mycert.pem https://that.secure.server.com
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RFC 2616 is a must to read if you want in-depth understanding of the HTTP RFC 2616 is a must to read if you want in-depth understanding of the HTTP
protocol. protocol.
RFC 2396 explains the URL syntax RFC 2396 explains the URL syntax.
RFC 2109 defines how cookies are supposed to work. RFC 2109 defines how cookies are supposed to work.
RFC 1867 defines the HTTP post upload format.
http://www.openssl.org is the home of the OpenSSL project http://www.openssl.org is the home of the OpenSSL project
http://curl.haxx.se is the home of the cURL project http://curl.haxx.se is the home of the cURL project