mirror of
https://github.com/moparisthebest/xeps
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218 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
218 lines
9.8 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE xep SYSTEM 'xep.dtd' [
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<!ENTITY % ents SYSTEM 'xep.ent'>
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%ents;
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]>
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<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='xep.xsl'?>
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<!--
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© XMPP Standards Foundation, 2016
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Author: Peter Waher
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-->
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<xep>
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<header>
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<title>Content Types in Messages</title>
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<abstract>This specification describes a generic method whereby content in messages can be tagged as having a specific Internet Content Type. It also provides a method for sending the same content using different content types, as a fall-back mechanism when communicating between clients having different content type support.</abstract>
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&LEGALNOTICE;
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<number>0481</number>
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<status>Experimental</status>
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<type>Standards Track</type>
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<sig>Standards</sig>
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<approver>Council</approver>
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<dependencies>
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<spec>XMPP Core</spec>
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<spec>XEP-0030</spec>
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</dependencies>
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<supersedes/>
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<supersededby/>
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<shortname>content</shortname>
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&peterwaher;
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<revision>
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<version>0.1.0</version>
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<date>2023-05-04</date>
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<initials>XEP Editor: ks</initials>
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<remark>
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<p>Promoting to Experimental.</p>
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</remark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<version>0.0.1</version>
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<date>2016-01-15</date>
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<initials>pw</initials>
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<remark>
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<p>First draft.</p>
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</remark>
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</revision>
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</header>
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<section1 topic='Introduction' anchor='intro'>
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<p>
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Sometimes it is desirable for clients to communicate, or to send messages between each other, using a well defined Internet Content Type.
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Reasons can vary between the purely esthetic to funcional data-exchange. While there are XEPs, such as &xep0071; that provides means for
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sending richer content using a specific type, this extensions provides a similar mechanism, but for the general case of any content having
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a defined Internet Content Type.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>Note:</strong> While the examples in this extensions uses Markdown as an example, any other text-based content type can be used.
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</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Use Cases' anchor='usecases'>
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<section2 topic='Content type hint' anchor='hint'>
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<p>
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The simplest use case is hinting at the content type of the textual content presented in the message body. This is done by aggregating
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a <strong>content</strong> element of namespace <strong>urn:xmpp:content</strong> to the message, with the attribute <strong>type</strong>
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specifying the content type. If the element does not provide a value, it is understood that the body contains the textual body of the
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content. This method should only be used if there's no risk of misunderstanding the message if the content type is not understood by
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the receiver, and the textual representation is readable. Example:
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</p>
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<example caption='Hinting at a content type'>
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<![CDATA[
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<message
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from='person1@example.org/34892374'
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to='person2@example.org/938089023'
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type='chat'>
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<body>**Note:** This message is very important.</body>
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<content type='text/markdown' xmlns='urn:xmpp:content'/>
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</message>]]>
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</example>
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</section2>
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<section2 topic='Alternate encoding' anchor='encoding'>
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<p>
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If there is a risk of misunderstanding the message if it's content type is not recognized, or the presentation of the message
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is done in an undesireable fashion, you can provide an alternate encoding of the message in the <strong>content</strong> element
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itself. If the <strong>content</strong> element contains a message, and the content type is recognized, the message should be
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taken from the <strong>content</strong> element instead of the <strong>body</strong> element. The <strong>body</strong> element
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in turn, should contain the <strong>plain text</strong> version of the same message. Example:
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</p>
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<example caption='Alternate encoding'>
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< and search for it.
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</content>
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</message>]]>
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</example>
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</section2>
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<section2 topic='Alternate encodings' anchor='encodings'>
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<p>
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By providing multiple <strong>content</strong> elements in the same message, you can allow the receiver to choose the encoding
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best suited for its purpose. It also makes it possible to interchange messages that are understood by both humans and machines
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in the same message. If an empty <strong>content</strong> element is found, it is interpreted as above, i.e. providing a hint
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as to the content type of the message in the <strong>body</strong> element. Example:
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</p>
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<example caption='Alternate encodings'>
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<.
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</content>
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<content type='text/xml' xmlns='urn:xmpp:content'>
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<Quote xmlns='somenamespace'>
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<Consumption unit='kWh'>5000</Consumption>
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<Cost unit='USD'>200</Cost>
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</Quote>
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</content>
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</message>]]>
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</example>
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</section2>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Determining Support' anchor='support'>
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<p>
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If an entity supports content types as specified herein, it MUST advertise that fact by returning a feature of
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"urn:xmpp:content" in response to &xep0030; information requests.
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</p>
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<example caption="Service discovery information request">
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<![CDATA[
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<iq type='get'
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from='example.org'
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to='device@example.org'
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id='disco1'>
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<query xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info'/>
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</iq>]]>
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</example>
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<example caption="Service discovery information response">
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<![CDATA[
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<iq type='result'
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from='device@example.org'
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to='example.org'
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id='disco1'>
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<query xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info'>
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...
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<feature var='urn:xmpp:content'/>
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...
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</query>
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</iq>]]>
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</example>
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<p>
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In order for an application to determine whether an entity supports this protocol, where possible it SHOULD use the dynamic,
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presence-based profile of service discovery defined in &xep0115;. However, if an application has not received entity capabilities
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information from an entity, it SHOULD use explicit service discovery instead.
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</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Implementation Notes' anchor='impl'>
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<section2 topic='Content Types' anchor='contentTypes'>
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<p>
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This document does not specify how content types are to be interpreted, or if content types are valid or well defined.
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It does not specify which content types are to be understood, or when. It only provides a means to hint or include different
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encodings in the same message.
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</p>
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</section2>
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<section2 topic='Custom Content Types' anchor='customTypes'>
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<p>
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It is possible to use custom or vendor-specific content types. These types are marked by prefixing the subtype with
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<strong>x.</strong> for custom unregistered types, and with <strong>vnd.</strong> for registered vendor specific types.
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</p>
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</section2>
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<section2 topic='Stanza size' anchor='stanzaSize'>
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<p>
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Care has to be taken when sending multiple encodings of the same message, as to not reach the smallest allowed
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maximum stanza size used by client and server software.
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</p>
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</section2>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='IANA Considerations' anchor='iana'>
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<p>This document requires no interaction with &IANA;.</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='XMPP Registrar Considerations' anchor='registrar'>
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<p>
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The <link url="#schema">protocol schema</link> needs to be added to the list of <link url="http://xmpp.org/resources/schemas/">XMPP protocol schemas</link>.
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</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='XML Schema' anchor='schema'>
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<code>
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<![CDATA[
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!--
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© XMPP Standards Foundation, 2016
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Author: Peter Waher
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-->
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<xs:schema
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xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
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targetNamespace='urn:xmpp:content'
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xmlns='urn:xmpp:content'
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elementFormDefault='qualified'>
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<xs:element name='content'>
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<xs:complexType mixed='true'>
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<xs:attribute name='type' use='required'/>
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</xs:complexType>
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</xs:element>
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</xs:schema>
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]]>
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</code>
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</section1>
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</xep>
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