In this example, Romeo (romeo@montague.lit) has received presence from Juliet (juliet@capulet.lit/orchard), either because she's in his roster or because she sent directed presence.

The server to server connection between capulet.lit and montague.lit then becomes unavailable for some reason (montague.lit can't know if this is a network error, a server failure, or some other condition). Juliet may now be updating her presence (e.g. she might now have gone offline), and Romeo would not be able to receive the presence update stanzas. As such, montague.lit MUST push the old presence to Romeo, annotated that this may now be stale due to an s2s outage.

The state-annotation element alerts Romeo's client to the unavailability of the server link through the server-unavailable child. The state-annotation MUST have a 'from' attribute set to the entity annotating the stanza (in this case montague.lit), and an OPTIONAL description child MAY provide human-readable text describing the change.

When the link between montague.lit and capulet.lit again becomes available, montague.lit MUST send an empty annotation of the previous presence to Romeo. It MAY subsequently attempt to refresh this presence by reprobing the remote entity.

When an S2S connection is deemed not to be available, or to return to availability afterwards (TODO: guidelines on what this means), the server MUST send a corresponding annotated presence for every remote full JID on the unavailable server to every local client requesting PSAs where the local client has received presence from the remote JID and the most recent presence is an available type (i.e. not error or unavailable). Subscription requests are excluded from this processing.

In this example, Romeo (romeo@montague.lit) has received presence from Benvolio (benvolio@montague.lit/lane), who is using BOSH.

Benvolio's client then uses the BOSH 'pause' feature for suspending the session. The montague.lit server MUST then send an annotated presence to Romeo's client saying that Benvolio's session has been paused. This MUST include the connection-paused element, MUST include a 'from' attribute of the entity doing the annotating (montague.lit) and MAY include a human-readable description element

After pausing the session, Benvolio's client can either resume it or allow it to time out. If the session is resumed, the server MUST send an empty state-annotation to Romeo's client. If the session times out, it will simply send an unavailable presence as normal.

When a server detects that a client's session has been temporarily suspended (either through a BOSH pause, or through a disconnection while using 198 prior to the resume period timing out) it MUST send annotated presence, as above, to every local and remote JID that has received the client session's presence (and where the presence is not subscription-related and has not been cancelled by a corresponding unavailable presence) and requests PSAs. If a paused session is resumed, the server MUST then send a corresponding empty state-annotation to each of these JIDs, as above. If the session is terminated the server MUST send unavailable presence using the usual rules from RFC6121.

In this example, Romeo (romeo@montague.lit) is an occupant in the orchard@chats.shakespeare.lit MUC room, alongside Juliet (juliet@capulet.lit). (For these examples, the usual MUC payloads are elided; they should be present as required by xep45).

Some time later, the MUC service chats.shakespeare.lit loses server to server connectivity to capulet.lit (the server upon which Juliet's account resides). If the server does not immediately remove Juliet as an occupant of the room, it MUST send Romeo an annotated presence, following the rules for server-unavailable defined above in s2s.

If the S2S link becomes available and the MUC service has not yet ejected Juliet from the room, it MUST send an empty state-annotation to indicate this. If, instead, it has ejected Juliet in the meantime there is no additional stanza to send (as the ejection will already have been communicated to Romeo's client following the rules in xep45).