%ents; ]>
SOAP Over XMPP This document defines methods for transporting SOAP messages over Jabber/XMPP. &LEGALNOTICE; 0072 Draft Standards Track Standards JIG XMPP Core SOAP 1.2 JEP-0030 soap soap#fault http://jabber.org/protocol/soap/fault.xsd Fabio Forno fabio.forno@polito.it sciasbat@jabber.linux.it &stpeter; 1.0 2005-12-14 psa Per a vote of the Jabber Council, advanced status to Draft. 0.14 2005-11-29 psa In accordance with further Council feedback, cleaned up the section on file transfer by clarifying which methods are recommended, removing section on MIME, and correcting use of SI-Pub. 0.13 2005-11-01 psa In accordance with Council feedback: divided Sending Attachments text into multiple subsections and added XMPP examples to each subsection; specified use of JEP-0137 to publish SI requests related to file transfer; specified use of application-specific stanza errors; fixed typographical error in WSDL example. 0.12 2005-10-18 psa In accordance with Council feedback, re-organized descriptive text around use cases. 0.11 2005-09-07 psa Modified service discovery category and type; made several other small text changes based on W3C feedback. 0.10 2005-09-01 psa Added information about service discovery. 0.9 2005-08-17 psa Added implementation note about XMPP routers based on W3C feedback. 0.8 2005-07-21 psa Cleaned up WSDL definition. 0.7 2005-06-30 psa/ff Clarified implementation notes and text on attachments. 0.6 2005-06-29 psa Addressed W3C feedback by (1) adding section on architectural assumptions, (2) adding references to recent W3C attachments work, and (3) discussing XML 1.1 support. 0.5 2005-04-01 psa Corrected several small errors throughout. 0.4 2005-01-06 psa Added W3C Considerations and formal description of SOAP XMPP Binding. 0.3 2004-05-10 ff Changed namespaces to keep in sync with latest SOAP specs. Removed the encodingStyle attribute, since in SOAP 1.2 it is allowed only in child elements of the Body. Removed the <soap> element from the error message example. Fixed the Fault encoding. Explicitly prohibited SOAP elements within the default namespace. 0.2 2003-11-11 ff Deleted the superfluous <soap> element for envelope encapsulation; Changed error reporting semantics; Added a WSDL Binding example; Added a routing example for HTTP<->XMPP gateways; Added XML Schema; References to Jabber changed in references to XMPP; Other minor changes. 0.1 2003-02-17 ff Initial version.

&w3soap; is a lightweight protocol that defines a method for the exchange of messages independently from the programming language and platform. For interoperability, the SOAP specification is also agnostic about possible transport protocols, though almost all existing implementations use mainly HTTP.

The primary limitation of HTTP consists in the fact that HTTP-based message exchanges allow only synchronous request-response semantics. To overcome this limitation, SMTP is often used to carry asynchronous messages, but it is a complex protocol and inefficient for passing short and frequent messages that should be delivered in close to real time.

Thus XMPP (see &rfc3920;) can be the ideal transport protocol for many of the application fields of web services, since it can carry efficiently and reliably both types of messages, synchronous and asynchronous. Moreover, XMPP-based web services will not need complex support protocols, such as WS-Routing WS-Routing Specification <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-routing.asp>. and WS-Referral WS-Referral Specification <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-referral.asp>., in order to deliver messages to entities that cannot be identified by static public IP addresses. Therefore, this document defines a binding of SOAP to XMPP as an alternative to the existing HTTP and SMTP bindings.

(Note: The main body of this document provides descriptive text suitable for use by XMPP developers. A formal description of the SOAP XMPP Binding itself is provided in the section of this document entitled SOAP XMPP Binding.)

The usual architecture of XMPP is described in Section 2 of RFC 3920. In essence, XMPP is most commonly deployed using a client-server (or logical peer-to-peer) architecture quite similar to that of the email system, except that XMPP does not have multiple hops between servers, enforces domain names to prevent address spoofing, and enables channel encryption (via TLS) and authentication (via SASL) between client and server as well as among servers.

The binding of SOAP to XMPP assumes that most SOAP-enabled XMPP entities will be implemented as XMPP clients that communicate with other entities as logical peers. However, in order to deploy more scalable services, such entities could also be implemented as server-side components (see &jep0114;) or even as special-purpose XMPP servers.

The SOAP specification defines the concepts of "SOAP intermediary" and "ultimate SOAP receiver" (see Section 1.5.3 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1). In general, this specification assumes that XMPP entities that support the SOAP XMPP Binding will be ultimate SOAP receivers, since SOAP intermediaries tend to be artifacts of the existing SOAP bindings (HTTP and SMTP) rather than applicable to all possible bindings. SOAP intermediaries are usually deployed in order to (1) cross trust boundaries in protocols that do not enforce domain names or authenticate end-points, (2) ensure scalability, (3) secure messages sent over unencrypted channels, and (4) provide message tracing. However, these issues are addressed natively in XMPP (e.g., channel encryption is defined in RFC 3920), in XMPP extensions (e.g., message tracing is defined in &jep0079;), or in deployment decisions such as business level agreements between XMPP domains. One final justification for SOAP intermediaries is to act as gateways between different transport mechanisms (e.g., between HTTP and SMTP), and XMPP entities may well be SOAP intermediaries for that reason. For further details about gateways between XMPP and other SOAP bindings, refer to the Implementation Notes section of this document.

In order to determine whether a potential responding entity supports the SOAP XMPP Binding, a requesting entity SHOULD send a &jep0030; information request to the potential responding entity:

]]>

If the responding entity supports the SOAP XMPP Binding and the requesting entity is not blocked from communicating with the responding entity, the responding entity MUST include a feature of "http://jabber.org/protocol/soap" in its reply and SHOULD specify a service discovery identity of "automation/soap".

]]>

When a requesting entity wants to interact with a responding entity via the SOAP XMPP Binding, it faces a fundamental choice: to use &IQ; stanzas or to use &MESSAGE; stanzas. The following guidelines may prove useful:

  1. &IQ; stanzas SHOULD be used when more formal request-response semantics are needed or when an immediate answer is required.
  2. &MESSAGE; stanzas SHOULD be used when less formal request-response semantics are acceptable or when store-and-forward ("offline message") delivery is needed (e.g., because the intended recipient may be temporarily unavailable).

Examples of both approaches are provided below, encapsulating the SOAP message examples (a travel reservation flow) to be found in &w3soap0;.

The transport with &IQ; stanzas is performed in a way similar to that described for XML-RPC in &jep0009;. Request envelopes are carried by &IQ; stanzas of type "set", and answer envelopes by &IQ; stanzas of type "result". SOAP errors are encoded with standard SOAP envelopes, and returned in stanzas of type "error" with appropriate codes in order to distinguish them from errors specific to the XMPP transport layer (see Error Handling for details).

Each &IQ; stanza of type "set" MUST contain a SOAP envelope as the first-level child element, since it already represents a properly namespaced XML subtree qualified by the 'http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope' namespace.

uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:20:00.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind New York Los Angeles 2001-12-14 late afternoon aisle Los Angeles New York 2001-12-20 mid-morning none ]]>

If the responding entity does not support the SOAP XMPP Binding, it SHOULD return a &unavailable; error:

]]>

If a SOAP-related fault occurs, the mappings in Error Handling SHOULD be used.

env:Sender rpc:BadArguments Processing error ]]>

If the responding entity does not return an error, it MUST respond with an IQ of type "result":

uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:35:00.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind JFK LGA EWR JFK LGA EWR ]]>

At this point the requesting entity could send another IQ-set:

uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:36:50.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind LGA EWR ]]>

The process for exchanging SOAP messages using the XMPP &MESSAGE; stanza type is effectively no different from the use with &IQ; stanzas, except that message stanzas may be sent to bare JIDs (user@host) rather than full JIDs (user@host/resource), message stanzas may be stored for later delivery, etc. The following business rules apply:

  1. The message stanza containing a request MUST carry one SOAP envelope as a first-level child element.
  2. The 'id' attribute MUST be used to track the XMPP messages and eventually associate errors or answers with the related requests (this is for tracking at the XMPP level, not the SOAP level).

SOAP messages may contain associated (usually binary) data, and XMPP stanzas that encapsulate such SOAP messages could invoke bandwidth restriction settings (commonly called "karma" in XMPP) tuned for normal text chats. The problem could be bypassed by servers having special karma settings for larger messages, or by SOAP-enabled entities being implemented as components rather than XMPP nodes; however, server-to-server communications risk becoming a serious bottleneck, especially in terms of latency and responsiveness when too many large messages are sent. Therefore, it is desirable to support the sending of attachments or files in order to exchange large amounts of binary data associated with SOAP requests and responses. As summarized in the following table, here are four possible methods:

Method Description Recommendation Reasoning
File Transfer Negotiate file transfer using &jep0096; and &jep0137;. SHOULD Recommended approach for file transfer over XMPP (e.g., see &jep0117;).
Include Link Represent the binary data as a file, publish it to an accessible file server (e.g., HTTP or FTP URL), and insert a link to the file directly into the XMPP message stanza (via &jep0066;) or into the SOAP envelope (via &w3soaprep;). MAY Fallback if file transfer is not possible (not all clients can publish to file servers).
Alternate Transports Send SOAP XML plus binary data over alternate transports such as WS-Attachments WS-Attachments <http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-nielsen-dime-soap-01.txt> (work in progress). or SOAP-over-BEEP as defined in &rfc3288;. SHOULD NOT These methods are just other transport protocols and would needlessly complicate implementations of SOAP over XMPP.
MIME Encode SOAP envelopes and attachments as MIME multipart messages using &w3soapaf; (or, more recently, &w3soapmtom; and &w3xop;). MUST NOT XML streams are pure XML and are not MIME-aware.

The recommended approaches (file transfer and including a link) are described more fully below.

The recommended method for sending associated data is to use the file transfer protocol described in JEP-0096. Because this is the common and standardized method for XMPP entities to transfer large or binary files outside the XMPP band, it SHOULD be used.

In particular, the entity that has the file SHOULD advertise the availability of the associated stream using JEP-0137 by including the SI-pub data extension along with the XMPP &MESSAGE; stanza with which the data is associated: In accordance with RFC 3920, an &IQ; stanza MUST NOT include multiple payload child elements; therefore, a &MESSAGE; stanza must be used when sending associated data.

uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:36:50.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind LGA EWR ]]>

The entity that is to receive the file SHOULD initiate the file transfer process sending an IQ-get to the sender, using the <start xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/sipub'/> element. This element contains the 'id' attribute to specify which published stream to retrieve:

]]>

If the sender accepts the request, it responds with an IQ-result containing a <starting/> element. This element indicates the stream initiation identifier to be used:

]]>

Then the sender begins the stream initiation negotiation:

]]>

For details regarding file transfer and advertising of file transfer stream initiation requests, refer to JEP-0096 and JEP-0137.

If the file transfer method is not possible (e.g., because file transfer is not implemented or transfer attempts fails), the entity that is sending the associated data MAY as a fallback publish the associated data as a file (e.g., at an HTTP or FTP URL) and include a link to the file as out-of-band content by including the out-of-band data extension along with the XMPP &MESSAGE; stanza with which the data is associated: As above, in accordance with RFC 3920, an &IQ; stanza MUST NOT include multiple payload child elements; therefore, a &MESSAGE; stanza must be used when sending associated data.

uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:36:50.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind LGA EWR http://example.org/me.png John Q. Public ]]>

Alternatively, if all else fails, the file may be included as a SOAP representation header:

/aWKKapGGyQ= uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:36:50.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind LGA EWR John Q. Public ]]>

Naturally, in order to maximize the likelihood that the receiver will be able to retrieve the file, the sender MAY include the SI-pub extension, out-of-band-data extension, and SOAP representation header in the message stanza:

/aWKKapGGyQ= uuid:093a2da1-q345-739r-ba5d-pqff98fe8j7d 2001-11-29T13:36:50.000-05:00 Ake Jogvan Ovind LGA EWR John Q. Public http://example.org/me.png John Q. Public ]]>

&w3wsdl; provides a machine-readable, formal description of web services operations, protocol bindings, and end points (i.e., network addresses). WSDL definitions attempt to specify a loose coupling of SOAP envelopes and their transports in order to maintain their independence and flexibility.

The definition of an XMPP SOAP transport in WSDL is straightforward. The following rules apply:

  1. The 'transport' attribute of the <soap:binding> element MUST be set to "http://jabber.org/protocol/soap".
  2. The 'style' attribute of the <soap:binding> element SHOULD be set to "document".
  3. The 'soapAction' attribute of the <soap:operation> element MAY be used; if so, it SHOULD be transported in an appropriate env:Header element for compatibility with the HTTP transport.
  4. A valid XMPP URI/IRI (see &rfc4622;) MUST be used for the 'location' attribute in the <soap:address> element.

The following is an example of a WSDL definition for an endpoint that supports the SOAP XMPP binding: a mythical service that translates Shakespearean English into selected modern languages and dialects.

xmlns='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/' xmlns:soap='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/' xmlns:tns='http://shakespeare.lit/translation.wsdl'> ... ... Translates Shakespearean text. ]]>

Although there is no standard procedure for publishing WSDL documents, usually they are made available through HTTP at some URL discoverable with public registries such as UDDI servers. WSDL descriptions for XMPP bindings MAY follow the same publishing process, or MAY be discoverable through Jabber/XMPP specific mechanisms such as &jep0030; or &jep0060;.

Section 4 of &w3soap1; defines a SOAP Protocol Binding Framework; two instantiations of that framework are the SOAP HTTP Binding (specified in Section 7 of &w3soap2;) and the &w3soapemail;. (Additionally, a binding to BEEP is described in RFC 3288.) As an alternative to the HTTP and Email bindings, this section formally defines the SOAP XMPP Binding in accordance with the SOAP Protocol Binding Framework.

Note: The SOAP XMPP Binding is optional, and SOAP nodes are not required to implement it. A SOAP node that correctly and completely implements the SOAP XMPP Binding as described herein may be said to "conform to the SOAP 1.2 XMPP Binding".

The SOAP XMPP Binding is identified by the following URI:

  • http://jabber.org/protocol/soap

XMPP is a pure XML streaming protocol used to exchange snippets of structured data called "XML stanzas" (see Section 4.1 of RFC 3920) between any two network endpoints.

Because XMPP is a direct messaging protocol, it does not possess the equivalent of web methods such as the HTTP GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE methods. Therefore, it is NOT RECOMMENDED for a SOAP node that supports only the SOAP XMPP Binding to provide the "SOAP Web Method Feature" described in Section 6.4 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2. (A SOAP gateway between XMPP and HTTP should support the SOAP Web Method Feature in order to ensure interoperability; however, description of such gateways is outside the scope of this document.)

Because XMPP is a pure XML protocol, it does not use MIME types (&rfc2045;) or XML media types (&rfc3023;), but rather sends XML directly over the wire. Therefore, it is NOT RECOMMENDED for a SOAP node that supports only the SOAP XMPP Binding to provide the "SOAP Action Feature" described in Section 6.5 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2. (A SOAP gateway between XMPP and HTTP should support the SOAP Action Feature in order to ensure interoperability; however, description of such gateways is outside the scope of this document.)

XMPP inherently provides request-response semantics via the &IQ; stanza type and &MESSAGE; stanza type, where the &IQ; stanza type requires more formality regarding preservation of request-response semantics in the context of synchronous communications, whereas the &MESSAGE; stanza provides a looser mapping to request-response semantics as well as the ability to ensure store-and-forward capabilities similar to those provided by email (see the Implementation Notes section of this document). Because both stanza types support request-response semantics, an implementation of the SOAP XMPP Binding MUST support only the following message exchange pattern (MEP) defined in the core SOAP 1.2 specification:

  • http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/mep/request-response/

The request-response message exchange pattern is described in Section 6.2 of SOAP Version 1.1 Part 2. For binding instances conforming to the specification of the SOAP XMPP Binding:

  • A SOAP node instantiated at an XMPP entity may assume the role (i.e., the http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/bindingFramework/ExchangeContext/Role property) of "RequestingSOAPNode".
  • A SOAP node instantiated at an XMPP entity may assume the role (i.e., the http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/bindingFramework/ExchangeContext/Role property) of "RespondingSOAPNode".

The remainder of this section describes the message exchange pattern (MEP) state machine and its relation to XMPP as described in RFC 3920. For the sake of brevity, relative URIs are used (the base URI being http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/bindingFramework/ExchangeContext/Role), the string "fail:" is used as a conventional prefix for the namespace http://www.example.org/2001/12/soap/mep/FailureReasons/, and the string "reqresp:" is used as a conventional prefix for the namespace http://www.example.org/2001/12/soap/mep/request-response/. In the state tables below, the states are defined as values of the http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/bindingFramework/ExchangeContext/State property (see Section 6.2 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2) and are of type xs:anyURI.

The overall flow of the behavior of a Requesting SOAP Node follows the outline state machine description contained in Section 6.2 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2. The following subsections describe each state in more detail, where "Requesting SOAP Node" is to be understood as a logical entity made up of the binding and the local SOAP node associated with the XMPP entity that generates a SOAP request.

The following table formally describes the "Init" state of the Requesting SOAP Node in the SOAP XMPP Binding:

Feature Value / Description
State Name Init
Description Formulate and send request message
Pre-Conditions Control of the outbound transport message exchange context is transferred from the local SOAP node to the binding
Actions Formulate and send XMPP &IQ; or &MESSAGE; request stanza (see table "Init: XMPP Fields (Requesting)") that encappsulates SOAP envelope transferred from local SOAP node to binding
Post-Conditions None
Transitions See table "Init: Transitions (Requesting)"

In the "Init" state, an XMPP stanza (either &IQ; or &MESSAGE;) is formulated by the Requesting SOAP Node according to the following table:

Field Value / Description
XMPP Method For XMPP &IQ; stanzas, the value of the XMPP 'type' attribute MUST be "set"; does not apply to XMPP &MESSAGE; stanzas
Originator The XMPP address (JID) carried in the reqresp:ImmediateSender property of the message exchange context is encapsulated as the value of the XMPP 'from' attribute; normally this is set by the XMPP server to which the originator connects
Destination The XMPP address (JID) carried in the reqresp:ImmediateDestination property of the message exchange context is encapsulated as the value of the XMPP 'to' attribute
Correlation Request Message ID As required for XMPP &IQ; stanzas in general and required for XMPP &MESSAGE; stanzas sent in the context of the SOAP XMPP Binding, a correlation request message ID is generated by the sender and encapsulated as the value of the XMPP 'id' attribute
XMPP Stanza Contents The XML of the SOAP envelope carried in the reqresp:OutboundMessage property of the transport message exchange context is encapsulated as a direct child element of the XMPP &IQ; or &MESSAGE; stanza

The following table summarizes the transitions from the "Init" state of the Requesting SOAP Node:

Event / Condition Next State Failure Reason
Request Successfully Sent Requesting N/A
Failure to Send Request Fail fail:TransmissionFailure

The following table formally describes the "Requesting" state of the Requesting SOAP Node in the SOAP XMPP Binding:

Feature Value / Description
State Name Requesting
Description Waiting for correlated XMPP response (Request Message completely sent on exit from Init state)
Pre-Conditions Completion of Init state
Actions Wait for a receive XMPP response stanza
Post-Conditions Instantiate or replace the reqresp:ImmediateSender property with an XMPP address (JID) that denotes the sender of the XMPP response stanza
Transitions See table "Requesting: Transitions"

The following table summarizes the transitions from the "Requesting" state of the Requesting SOAP Node:

Event / Condition Next State Failure Reason
Received Correlated XMPP Response Sending+Receiving N/A
Reception Failure (various XMPP errors) Fail fail:ReceptionFailure

For a listing of relevant XMPP error conditions, refer to Sections 9.3.3 and 4.7.3 of RFC 3920.

The following table formally describes the "Sending+Receiving" state of the Requesting SOAP Node in the SOAP XMPP Binding:

Feature Value / Description
State Name Sending+Receiving
Description Receive correlated XMPP response including SOAP envelope
Pre-Conditions Completion of Receiving state
Actions Process XMPP &IQ; or &MESSAGE; response stanza and included SOAP envelope, instantiating or replacing the reqresp:InboundMessage property with an infoset representation of the SOAP envelope contained in the XMPP response stanza
Post-Conditions Control of the inbound transport message exchange context is transferred from the binding to the local SOAP node
Transitions See table "Sending+Receiving: Transitions"

The following table summarizes the transitions from the "Sending+Receiving" state of the Requesting SOAP Node:

Event / Condition Next State Failure Reason
Received Well-Formed Response Message Success N/A
Reception Failure (various XMPP errors) Fail fail:ReceptionFailure
Malformed Response Message (invalid SOAP envelope) Fail fail:BadRequestMessage

For a listing of relevant XMPP error conditions, refer to Sections 9.3.3 and 4.7.3 of RFC 3920.

A given instance of a request-response transport message exchange terminates when the state "Success" or "Fail" is reached; control over the transport message exchange context returns to the Requesting SOAP Node.

The overall flow of the behavior of a Responding SOAP Node follows the outline state machine description contained in Section 6.2 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2. The following subsections describe each state in more detail, where "Responding SOAP Node" is to be understood as a logical entity made up of the binding and the local SOAP node associated with the XMPP entity that responds to a SOAP request.

The following table formally describes the "Init" state of the Responding SOAP Node in the SOAP XMPP Binding:

Feature Value / Description
State Name Init
Description Receive request message
Pre-Conditions None
Actions Receive and validate inbound XMPP &IQ; or &MESSAGE; request stanza; instantiate or replace the reqresp:ImmediateSender property with an XMPP address (JID) that denotes the sender of the XMPP request; instantiate or replace the reqresp:InboundMessage property with an infoset representation of the included SOAP envelope
Post-Conditions Control of the inbound transport message exchange context is transferred from the binding to the local SOAP node
Transitions See table "Init: Transitions (Responding)"

The following table summarizes the transitions from the "Init" state of the Responding SOAP Node:

Event / Condition Next State Failure Reason
Received Well-Formed Request Message Receiving N/A
Reception Failure (various XMPP errors) Fail fail:ReceptionFailure
Malformed Response Message (invalid SOAP envelope) Fail fail:BadRequestMessage

For a listing of relevant XMPP error conditions, refer to Section 9.3.3 of RFC 3920.

The following table formally describes the "Receiving" state of the Responding SOAP Node in the SOAP XMPP Binding:

Feature Value / Description
State Name Receiving
Description Waiting for local SOAP node to return response message
Pre-Conditions Completion of Init state
Actions None
Post-Conditions Control of the outbound transport message exchange context is transferred from the local SOAP node to the binding
Transitions See table "Receiving: Transitions"

The following table summarizes the transitions from the "Receiving" state of the Responding SOAP Node:

Event / Condition Next State Failure Reason
Response Message Becomes Available Receiving+Sending N/A

The following table formally describes the "Receiving+Sending" state of the Responding SOAP Node in the SOAP XMPP Binding:

Feature Value / Description
State Name Receiving+Sending
Description Waiting for local SOAP node to return response message
Pre-Conditions Completion of Receiving state
Actions Formulate and send XMPP &IQ; or &MESSAGE; response stanza (see table "Receiving+Sending: XMPP Fields")
Post-Conditions None
Transitions See table "Receiving+Sending: Transitions"

In the "Receiving+Sending" state, an XMPP stanza (either &IQ; or &MESSAGE;) is formulated by the Responding SOAP Node according to the following table:

Field Value / Description
XMPP Method For XMPP &IQ; stanzas, the value of the XMPP 'type' attribute MUST be "result"; does not apply to XMPP &MESSAGE; stanzas
Originator The XMPP address (JID) carried in the reqresp:ImmediateSender property of the message exchange context is encapsulated as the value of the XMPP 'from' attribute; normally set by the XMPP server to which the originator connects
Destination The XMPP address (JID) carried in the reqresp:ImmediateDestination property of the message exchange context is encapsulated as the value of the XMPP 'to' attribute
Correlation Request Message ID As required for XMPP &IQ; stanzas in general and required for XMPP &MESSAGE; stanzas sent in the context of the SOAP XMPP Binding, the correlation request message ID is copied from the ID of the request and encapsulated as the value of the XMPP 'id' attribute
XMPP Stanza Contents The XML of the SOAP envelope carried in the reqresp:OutboundMessage property of the transport message exchange context is encapsulated as a direct child element of the XMPP &IQ; or &MESSAGE; stanza

The following table summarizes the transitions from the "Receiving+Sending" state of the Responding SOAP Node:

Event / Condition Next State Failure Reason
Response Message Successfully Sent Success N/A
Failure to Send Response Message Fail fail:TransmissionFailure

A given instance of a request-response transport message exchange terminates when the state "Success" or "Fail" is reached; from the perspective of the Responding SOAP Node, the transport message exchange has completed.

The main body of text that addresses the requirements of the W3C with regard to SOAP bindings is provided in the SOAP XMPP Binding section of this document. The current section addresses only the topic of organizational interaction between the W3C and the &JSF; regarding the SOAP XMPP Binding.

As was done with &jep0071;, the SOAP XMPP Binding defined herein has been reviewed informally by one or more appropriate experts from the W3C before the &COUNCIL; advanced it to a status of Draft within the JSF's standards process. Before this specification proceeds to a status of Final within the JSF's standards process, it should undergo a formal review through communication with the W3C's XML Protocol Working Group. To that end, revised versions of this specification will be announced on the W3C's public xml-dist-app@w3.org mailing list.

This specification addresses SOAP 1.2 only. This specification may be superseded or supplemented in the future by a Jabber Enhancement Proposal that defines methods for encapsulating content defined by future versions of SOAP as published by the W3C.

Per RFC 3920, XMPP supports XML 1.0 only. If future versions of XMPP support XML 1.1 or subsequent versions, this specification may be modified to address handling of SOAP messages that are encoded in versions other than XML 1.0.

SOAP provides its own encoding scheme for errors due to message processing or application execution, and it uses SOAP envelopes for reporting. In the SOAP HTTP Binding, these errors are mapped to corresponding HTTP status codes. In the SOAP XMPP Binding, they are mapped to the catch-all XMPP error of &undefined; along with application-specific error condition elements qualified by the 'http://jabber.org/protocol/soap#fault' namespace (this is consistent with Section 9.3.3 of RFC 3920, see also &jep0086;). The element names of these application-specific error conditions map directly to the SOAP fault codes specified in Section 5.4.6 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1.

The following table provides a mapping between SOAP, HTTP, and application-specific XMPP errors.

SOAP Fault HTTP Status Code XMPP Application Error
env:DataEncodingUnknown 500 <DataEncodingUnknown/>
env:MustUnderstand 500 <MustUnderstand/>
env:Receiver 500 <Receiver/>
env:Sender 400 <Sender/>
env:VersionMismatch 500 <VersionMismatch/>

Note: When errors are due to the XMPP transport protocol alone and not to the application layer defined by SOAP, errors MUST be reported with standard XMPP error codes only instead of the XMPP &undefined; condition plus application-specific condition.

Because XMPP does not require the parsing of arbitrary and complete XML documents and does not require implementations to support the full XML specification, transported SOAP envelopes MUST comply with the XML restrictions specified in Section 11 ("XML Usage Within XMPP") of RFC 3920. In particular, all envelope elements MUST be properly namespaced (SOAP allows elements within the default namespace, but they are deprecated since SOAP 1.2).

SOAP envelopes may contain arbitrary data encoded in valid XML as well as byte arrays encoded with SOAP-specific elements. The SOAP specification recommends to encode byte arrays in Base 64 (see &rfc3548;), with the result that envelopes with binary data can be transported within regular XMPP stanzas. All the remaining PCDATA MUST be encoded as UTF-8 in order to match the XML stream encoding.

SOAP has been supplemented by several support protocols that help ensure message integrity and confidentiality (WS-Security WS-Security <http://msdn.microsoft.com/ws/2002/04/Security/>.) as well as transaction management for failing message exchanges (WS-Transaction WS-Transaction <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnglobspec/html/ws-transaction.asp>.). These protocols are all based on SOAP messages and take into account that the underlying protocols can be unreliable and not trusted, thus there are no arguments against their application with XMPP. Alternatively, implementations MAY use native XMPP security such as &xmppe2e;.

No interaction with &IANA; is required by this document.

The ®ISTRAR; includes 'http://jabber.org/protocol/soap' and 'http://jabber.org/protocol/soap#fault' in its registry of protocol namespaces.

The Jabber Registrar includes a Service Discovery type of "soap" within the "automation" category.

The registry submission is as follows:

automation soap A SOAP receiver (either intermediate or ultimate). JEP-0072 ]]>

Because the SOAP envelope is included as a first-level child element of an &IQ; or &MESSAGE; stanza via standard XMPP extension mechanisms, an XML schema is not required for this document. An XML schema for the SOAP envelope element is provided at <http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/>.

The protocol documented by this schema is defined in JEP-0072: http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0072.html ]]>

This section is non-normative.

An XMPP entity that supports the SOAP XMPP binding could function as a "SOAP intermediary" that hands a SOAP message off to some other deployment for subsequent processing (HTTP, email, a specialized enterprise messaging platform, etc.) rather than functioning as the "ultimate SOAP receiver" for the message (as these terms are defined in Section 1.5.3 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1). If the intended recipient functions as a SOAP intermediary, implementations should be aware that subsequent processing may alter the representation of SOAP messages.

As an example, consider a component that functions as a gateway between XMPP-based and HTTP-based web services. Its purpose might be to mix HTTP and XMPP for web services and to invoke any web services already accessible through HTTP from XMPP clients.

WS-Routing, whose aim is to dynamically compose SOAP message paths and processing sequences, can be used in order to reference web services outside of an XMPP network from within it. WS-Routing extends SOAP Envelope Headers with the <path/> element, which specifies the following for the message: the sender's URL (<from/>), the final destination's URL (<to/>), a forward (<forward/>) path with an arbitrary number of intermediaries (<via/>), and an optional return path (<reverse/>). Each intermediary MUST process the <path/> header and update it accordingly to the already performed path; moreover it MAY process the Body of the message.

A SOAP message originated by an XMPP entity ('xmpp:orig@A.example.com/soap'), and directed to an end point accessible through HTTP ('http://C.example.net/some/endpoint'), could be built using a <path/> header having:

  1. the <to/> element set to 'http://C.example.net/some/endpoint'
  2. one <via/> element set to an HTTP<->XMPP gateway, such as 'xmpp:soapgw@B.example.org/soap', in the forward path
  3. an appropriate SOAP action in the <action> element of the <path/> header (this may be required by the HTTP end point)
  4. a blank return path

Then the SOAP message can be sent within an &IQ; stanza to the gateway's JID. The gateway processes the SOAP headers, and looking through the headers it discovers that it must act only as intermediary. From the <to/> element it reads the URL of the final end point, extracts the SOAP action, changes the path removing the step already performed, and issues an HTTP request with the modified envelope and appropriate HTTP headers. Once it has received a response, it prepares a new &IQ; stanza of type "result" or "error" and sends its reply to the original requester. The following example shows the possible SOAP headers of the described process.

http://im.example.org/chat http://C.example.net/some/endpoint xmpp:soapgw@B.example.org/soap xmpp:orig@A.example.com/soap uuid:84b9f5d0-33fb-4a81-b02b-5b760641c1d6 ... ]]>

Generic XMPP routers that conform to RFC 3920 may also "store and forward" Jabber messages. This feature is usually called "offline message handling": the router makes a decision as to whether to deliver the message to the local intended recipient based on the recipient's presence, and if the recipient is offline when the router processes the message then it may store the message for delivery when the recipient next comes online (rather than returning an error to the sender). Although it is possible to write an XMPP router that directly supports the SOAP XMPP binding and implements the SOAP processing model, generic XMPP routers do not contain such support. Accordingly, generic XMPP routers will not forward an XMPP message to an alternate SOAP transport such as HTTP or SMTP, or provide other functions of a SOAP intermediary or ultimate receiver. When a generic XMPP router delivers a message to the intended recipient (whether immediately or as delayed in "offline storage") and the intended recipient supports the SOAP XMPP binding, SOAP processing is performed; such an intended recipient MAY act either as a SOAP intermediary or as an ultimate SOAP receiver.

With regarding to exchange of associated data, an XMPP entity that functions as a gateway to other SOAP bindings it SHOULD use W3C-recommended protocols for transporting SOAP attachments over non-XMPP SOAP bindings (e.g., HTTP and SMTP) when communicating with non-XMPP entities.

Many thanks to Noah Mendelsohn for his assistance regarding SOAP binding definitions and conformance issues. Thanks also to Michael Mahan and Rich Salz for their comments.

Some text in the SOAP XMPP Binding section of this document is closely modelled on Section 7 of SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2 and on SOAP Version 1.2 Email Binding.