Traditional telephony systems use Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) for dialing and to issue commands such as those used in Interactive Voice Response (IVR) applications. Internet telephony systems also use DTMF tones for interoperability with the public switched telephone network (PSTN). XMPP clients that use &xep0166; for voice chat (see &xep0167;) MUST use the protocol described in this document if they wish to support DTMF.

The format for the XML DTMF representation is as follows &NSNOTE;:

The <dtmf/> element SHOULD possess an 'action' attribute, the value of which MUST be either "button-up" or "button-down" (specifying whether the button is being depressed or released). This enables DTMF tones to be reconstructed in real time. If the 'action' attribute is not included, the recipient MUST assume that the action is a "button-down" event and act as if a "button-up" event occurs after a reasonable timeout (100 milliseconds is RECOMMENDED) or when another DMTF event is received.

Unless the 'action' attribute has a value of "button-up", the <dmtf/> element MUST possess a 'code' attribute that specifies the tone to be generated. The value of the 'code' attribute SHOULD be one the following characters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, #, and * -- however, the characters A, B, C, and D MAY be sent as well. Although A, B, C, and D were originally defined as part of DTMF, they were never deployed to telephony consumers and were used only for control purposes at private branch exchanges (PBXs) and central office operator stations; however, they are used in certain non-telephony applications of DTMF, such as ham radio.

The <dtmf> element SHOULD be sent as the payload of a Jingle session-info message as illustrated in the following example &NSNOTE;.

The receiving entity MUST send an IQ result if it can process the DTMF:

If the receiving entity does not understand or cannot process the payload, it MUST return a &feature; stanza error, which SHOULD include a Jingle-specific error condition of <unsupported-info/>.

Some applications may want to stream Jingle voice RTP directly to a non-XMPP entity, such as a SIP phone. In this scenario, DTMF needs to be sent in the content channel. Jingle DTMF enables Jingle entities to negotiate whether to send RTP over the XMPP signalling channel as described above, or over the content channel using &rfc4733;.

To request that the voice session switches to RFC 4733, a client sends a <dtmf-method/> element, qualified by the 'http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0181.html#ns' namespace as the payload of a Jingle session-info message:

The dtmf-method element MUST contain one 'method' attribute, the value of which SHOULD be either 'rtp' or 'xmpp'.

If the recipient supports the requested DTMF method and wishes to use that method, it MUST send an empty IQ result:

If the recipient does not support the requested DTMF method, it MUST return a <feature-not-implemented/> stanza error, which SHOULD include a DTMF-specific error condition of <unsupported-dtmf-method/>:

If an entity supports Jingle DTMF (which natively includes sending of DTMF in the XMPP signalling channel), it MUST return a &xep0030; feature of "http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0181.html#ns" in response to service discovery information requests.

If an entity also supports sending of DTMF in the content channel, it MUST also return a service discovery feature of "http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0181.html#ns-rtp" in response to service discovery information requests.

This document introduces no known security vulnerabilities.

This document requires no interaction with &IANA;.