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ProtoXEP: Content Rating Labels
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Jonas Schäfer
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inbox/content-ratings.xml
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inbox/content-ratings.xml
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE xep SYSTEM 'xep.dtd' [
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<!ENTITY % ents SYSTEM 'xep.ent'>
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%ents;
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]>
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<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='xep.xsl'?>
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<xep><header>
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<title>Content Rating Labels</title>
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<abstract>This specification provides a wire format in the form of a Service Discovery extension to allow services of various kinds to publish information about the kind of content they allow and/or endorse on their platform.</abstract>
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&LEGALNOTICE;
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<number>xxxx</number>
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<status>ProtoXEP</status>
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<type>Standards Track</type>
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<sig>Standards</sig>
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<approver>Council</approver>
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<dependencies/>
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<supersedes/>
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<supersededby/>
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<shortname>crl</shortname>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jonas</firstname>
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<surname>Schäfer</surname>
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<email>jonas@zombofant.net</email>
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<jid>jonas@zombofant.net</jid>
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</author>
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<revision>
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<version>0.0.1</version>
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<date>2021-03-03</date>
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<initials>jsc</initials>
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<remark>
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<p>First draft.</p>
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</remark>
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</revision>
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</header>
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<section1 anchor="intro" topic="Introduction">
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<p>The more a communication system grows and increases its diversity, the more
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likely it is that conflicts arise over which content is acceptable and which
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is not. In addition, some content may be psychologically triggering or harmful
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to different people or age groups, while the same content may be desirable to
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share and talk about in other groups.</p>
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<p>This specification intends to provide a machine-readable and extensible way of
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conveying the kinds and classes of content which are acceptable, and hence to
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be expected, on a service. Such a service can be an instant messaging account
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server, a &xep0045; service or room, a &xep0369; service or channel or any
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other entity which is able to publish extensions as per &xep0128;.</p>
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<p>The content ratings are provided as a set of free-form strings, scoped by a
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type URI.</p>
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<section2 anchor="prior-art" topic="Prior Art">
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<p>This idea is not new. The W3C for instance has had two initiatives revolving
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around labelling content for the web. The
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<link url='https://www.w3.org/PICS/'>Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS)</link>
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has been superseded by the
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<link url='https://www.w3.org/2007/powder/'>Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER)</link>.</p>
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<p>While the PICS approach is roughly similar to what this document intends to
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achieve, the POWDER standard goes way beyond that and provides much more
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extension points, at the cost of higher complexity.</p>
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<p>&xep0258; provides a way to embed security labels in contexts where clearance
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to view specific content is required. While the rating of content is roughly
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similar, the XEP-0258 standard goes beyond that by placing restrictions
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on entities which carry such labels in a way which is not desirable for this
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standard.</p>
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<p>Specifically, the document states that supporting implementations MUST NOT
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allow the <tt><securitylabel/></tt> element outside of contexts of specifications
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known to them, which could pose interoperability issues if that element was
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reused for <em>this</em> specification.</p>
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</section2></section1><section1 anchor="reqs" topic="Requirements">
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Extensibility:</strong> The protocol must allow for custom labels in both
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federated and non-federated contexts.</li>
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<li><strong>Flexibility:</strong> The protocol must allow for use in different contexts. It
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must not be tied to &xep0045; services only, nor must it be restricted to
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be applied to messages.</li>
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<li><strong>Machine readability:</strong> All labels need to have a definition which can be
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used in filtering or selection algorithms in order to remove/provide
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specific kinds of content.</li>
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<li><strong>Interoperability</strong>: Applications should be able to make an approximate
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choice even if the label set contains labels which are not known to it.</li>
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</ul>
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</section1><section1 anchor="glossary" topic="Glossary">
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<p>Content Label:
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A free-form string qualified by a <tt>type</tt> URI.</p>
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<p>Content Rating:
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A set of Content Labels which describe the describes the classes of
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content which may be encountered at the entity to which the rating
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applies.</p>
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</section1><section1 anchor="model" topic="Data Format">
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<p>The Content Rating is conveyed using a set of free-form strings qualified
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by a <tt>type</tt> attribute, the Content Labels.</p>
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<p>A Content Label is represented by a single XML <tt><simple-label/></tt> element
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qualified by the <tt>urn:xmpp:crl:0</tt> namespace:</p>
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<example><![CDATA[<simple-label xmlns="urn:xmpp:crl:0" type="http://example.com/content-ratings">type-defined string format</simple-label>]]></example>
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<p>The <tt>type</tt> attribute MUST be a URI. It defines the format of the CDATA
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contained in the <tt><simple-label/></tt> element. The character data of the
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<tt><simple-label/></tt> element MUST NOT contain control codes (including newline
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and horizontal tab).</p>
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<p>The <tt>type</tt> URI must be URL-encoded, escaping all whitespace.</p>
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<p>A Content Rating is represented by a <tt><content-rating/></tt> XML element qualified
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by the <tt>urn:xmpp:crl:0</tt> namespace. It carries zero or more <tt><simple-label/></tt>
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child elements as described above.</p>
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<p>Future extensions MAY specify other child elements for <tt><content-rating/></tt> in
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separate namespaces. See the business rules for an approach for handling those
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unexpected elements.</p>
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<section2 anchor="plain-text" topic="Plain-text compatibility">
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<p>If the format needs to be conveyed in plain text form, for example to carry
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the list of labels in &xep0128; or a &xep0004; configuration form, the
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following algorithm is to be applied:</p>
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</section2></section1><section1 anchor="usecases" topic="Use Cases">
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<section2 anchor="publish" topic="Publishing a Content Self-Rating in Service Discovery information">
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<p>An entity may publish a content self-rating using &xep0128;. For this, a
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&xep0004; form with the <tt>urn:xmpp:crl:0</tt> <tt>FORM_TYPE</tt> is defined.
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All labels are mapped to a single <tt>text-multi</tt>.</p>
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<example><![CDATA[<x type='result' xmlns='jabber:x:data'>
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<field var='FORM_TYPE'>
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<value>urn:xmpp:crl:0</value>
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</field>
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<field var='urn:xmpp:crl:0#simple-labels' type='text-multi'>
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<value>http://example.com/content-ratings type-defined string format</value>
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</field>
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</x>]]></example>
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<p>Each line in the <tt>text-multi</tt> field is prefixed with the <tt>key</tt> of the
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corresponding <tt><simple-label/></tt> element. The <tt>key</tt> is followed by a single
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space character (U+0020), followed by the character data of the
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<tt><simple-label/></tt> element.</p>
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</section2><section2 anchor="muc-config" topic="Offering configuration of the Self-Rating of a XEP-0045 Multi-User-Chat">
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<p>Entities with sufficient permissions to modify &xep0045; room configuration
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SHOULD be offered a text-multi form field of the format described above. If
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offered this field MUST be mapped to the format described above in the
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&xep0030; response of the room.</p>
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</section2></section1><section1 anchor="rules" topic="Business Rules">
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<ul>
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<li>Implementations need to decide how to handle unknown child elements in
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<tt><content-rating/></tt>. Depending on the level of certainty required in
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interpreting a <tt><content-rating/></tt> element, implementations for example
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choose to either silently ignore unknown elements or treat them as the worst
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possible rating.</li>
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</ul>
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</section1><section1 anchor="i18n" topic="Internationalization Considerations">
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<p>Implementations which convert the labels to human-readable strings need to
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translate those strings. For now, no provision is made to provide
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pre-translated texts.</p>
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</section1><section1 anchor="security" topic="Security Considerations">
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<p>REQUIRED.</p>
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</section1><section1 anchor="iana" topic="IANA Considerations">
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<p>REQUIRED.</p>
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</section1><section1 anchor="registrar" topic="XMPP Registrar Considerations">
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<p>REQUIRED.</p>
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</section1><section1 anchor="schema" topic="XML Schema">
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<p>REQUIRED for protocol specifications.</p>
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</section1>
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</xep>
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