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Accept inbox/ibr-token.xml as XEP-0445
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Jonas Schäfer
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199
xep-0445.xml
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xep-0445.xml
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE xep SYSTEM 'xep.dtd' [
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<!ENTITY % ents SYSTEM 'xep.ent'>
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%ents;
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]>
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<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='xep.xsl'?>
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<xep>
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<header>
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<title>Pre-Authenticated In-Band Registration</title>
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<abstract>This document extends the In-Band-Registration protocol to use
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invitation tokens, e.g. for registering accounts on non-public
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servers.
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</abstract>
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&LEGALNOTICE;
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<number>0445</number>
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<status>Experimental</status>
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<type>Standards Track</type>
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<sig>Standards</sig>
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<approver>Council</approver>
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<dependencies>
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<spec>XMPP Core</spec>
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<spec>XEP-0077</spec>
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<spec>XEP-0147</spec>
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<spec>XEP-0379</spec>
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<spec>XEP-0401</spec>
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</dependencies>
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<supersedes/>
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<supersededby/>
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<shortname>ibr-token</shortname>
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<author>
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<firstname>Georg</firstname>
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<surname>Lukas</surname>
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</author>
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<revision>
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<version>0.2.0</version>
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<date>2020-11-24</date>
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<initials>XEP Editor (jsc)</initials>
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<remark>Accepted by vote of Council on 2020-11-04.</remark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<version>0.1.0</version>
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<date>2020-10-28</date>
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<initials>gl</initials>
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<remark>First version based on XEP-0401.</remark>
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</revision>
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</header>
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<section1 topic='Introduction' anchor='intro'>
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<p>There are two typical mechanisms to register an account on an XMPP server:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Out-of-band account creation, after which the account JID and password
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need to be manually entered into an XMPP client, and</li>
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<li>&xep0077; (IBR) where an account is created and fully configured right
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from the XMPP client.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The IBR mechanism is much more convenient for users, but also opens up
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the server to abuse, e.g. due to the mass-registration of spam bot
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accounts. Captchas, while heavily impacting well-intentioned users, are
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not a reliable mechanism to prevent abuse. This specification allows to
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restrict the IBR mechanism by requiring a registration token, e.g. for
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giving users access to a private server, without exposing their password
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to the server administrator.</p>
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<p>This specification is part of a series of documents aiming at improving
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user onboarding:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>&xep0379; to automatically accept roster subscriptions based on a
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token.</li>
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<li>&xep0401; to generate tokens that can be used for authenticating IBR.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>While this specification is designed to work together with &xep0401;, it
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can be used with invitation tokens obtained by any other mechanism. XMPP
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URIs can then be used out-of-band to deliver the invitation to a new user.</p>
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<p>A client that obtains such an XMPP URI should allow the user to register
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an XMPP account with the server that generated the URI.</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Use Cases'>
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<p>A client that implements this specification needs to understand the
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&xep0147; specification, to make use of the <tt>register</tt> query
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action and the <tt>preauth</tt> parameter. Three URI formats
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are defined.</p>
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<section2 topic="Registration with pre-defined account name">
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<p>An invitation to register an account can contain a specific XMPP
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address (with a pre-defined user account name) to be registered. A
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client should populate the address field in the IBR dialog with this
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address and disallow changing the address.</p>
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<code caption="Registration URI with pre-defined account name">xmpp:juliet@example.com?register;preauth=TOKEN</code>
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</section2>
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<section2 topic="Registration on a server">
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<p>An invitation to register an account can contain just the server domain
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to register on. A client should populate the address field in the IBR
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dialog with this domain and allow entering the desired account name.</p>
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<code caption="Registration URI without account name">xmpp:example.com?register;preauth=TOKEN</code>
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</section2>
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<section2 topic="Contact Invitation with IBR">
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<p>A contact invitation with a registration token (&xep0379;) might
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indicate that the token can also be used to register an account on that
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server (<tt>ibr=y</tt>). If the receiving client already has an account
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configured, it may skip account registration and simply add the contact
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as defined in <cite>XEP-0379</cite>. The client may also register a new
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account on the domain of the proposed contact, allowing the user to
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enter the desired account name.</p>
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<code caption="Contact URI with Pre-Authenticated IBR support">xmpp:romeo@example.com?roster;preauth=TOKEN;ibr=y</code>
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</section2>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Discovery' anchor='discover'>
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<p>While a registration URI is an indication that the respective server
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supports Pre-Authenticated IBR, a URI might be manipulated and is not
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guaranteed to be reliable.</p>
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<p>Therefore, when performing the account creation, the client needs to
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ensure that the server supports the Pre-Authenticated IBR protocol, as denoted by
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the <strong><register xmlns='urn:xmpp:ibr-token:0'></strong>
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stream feature:</p>
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<example caption="Stream features of a server that accepts invitations"><![CDATA[
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<stream:features>
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<mechanisms xmlns='urn:xmpp:sasl:0'>
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<mechanism>EXTERNAL</mechanism>
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<mechanism>SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS</mechanism>
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<mechanism>SCRAM-SHA-1</mechanism>
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<mechanism>PLAIN</mechanism>
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</mechanisms>
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<register xmlns='urn:xmpp:ibr-token:0'/>
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<register xmlns='http://jabber.org/features/iq-register'/>
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</stream:features>
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]]></example>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Pre-Authenticated In-Band Registration' anchor='preauth-ibr'>
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<p>In order to allow invited users to register on a server, the
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registration processs as defined in &xep0077; needs to be extended. The
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invited user's client needs to connect to the server and check that the
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invitation stream feature
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(<strong><register xmlns='urn:xmpp:ibr-token:0'></strong>) is present.
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After that, the client initiates the registration flow by sending the
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preauth token to the server:</p>
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<example caption="Client initiates pre-authenticated IBR"><![CDATA[
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<iq type='set' to='example.com' id='pa1'>
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<preauth xmlns='urn:xmpp:pars:0' token='TOKEN' />
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</iq>
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]]></example>
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<p>Upon receiving the preauth request, the server must validate that the
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token is acceptable for account registration. However, single-use tokens
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MUST NOT be considered used until the actual registration has succeeded.
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</p>
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<p>In addition, if the token has an expiration time, it MUST only be
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checked at this point. Subsequent actions performed by the client during
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the current session that require a valid token MUST NOT be rejected due
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to token expiry.
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</p>
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<p>If the token is acceptable, the server responds with success, and
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indicates the client may now proceed with account registration:
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</p>
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<example caption="Server accepts invitation token"><![CDATA[
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<iq type='result' from='example.com' id='pa1' />
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]]></example>
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<p>If the token provided by the client was unknown, invalid or expired, the
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server should return an appropriate error to the client:</p>
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<example caption="Server rejects invitation token"><![CDATA[
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<iq type="error" from="example.com" id="pa1">
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<error type='cancel'>
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<item-not-found xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-stanzas'/>
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<text>The provided token is invalid or expired</text>
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</error>
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</iq>
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]]></example>
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<p>In the success case, the client proceeds with registration as defined in
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&xep0077;. If the token is rejected by the server, the client still MAY
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attempt to perform IBR if the server allows that.</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Business Rules' anchor='rules'>
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<p>If a username was specified when creating an invitation token, the
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server SHOULD NOT create an account on the server until the invitee
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actually registers it with the corresponding token.
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The server MUST reserve the username at least until the corresponding
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token expires.</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Implementation Notes' anchor='impl'>
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<section2 topic='XMPP Server Suggestion for Invitees'>
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<p>If the invitee opens an invitation URI with <strong>ibr=y</strong> and
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chooses to create a new account, the client SHOULD pre-fill the
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inviter JID's domain part as the new account's domain. The client MAY
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provide a mechanism to enter or choose a different server, though.</p>
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</section2>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='Security Considerations' anchor='security'>
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<p>See security considerations in &xep0379;.</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='IANA Considerations' anchor='iana'>
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<p>This document requires no interaction with &IANA;.</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='XMPP Registrar Considerations' anchor='registrar'>
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<p>This document only makes use of the XMPP URI elements defined in
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&xep0401;</p>
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</section1>
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<section1 topic='XML Schema' anchor='schema'>
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<p>REQUIRED for protocol specifications.</p>
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</section1>
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</xep>
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