<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE xep SYSTEM 'xep.dtd' [
  <!ENTITY % ents SYSTEM 'xep.ent'>
%ents;
]>
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='xep.xsl'?>
<xep>
<header>
  <title>XMPP Over BOSH</title>
  <abstract>This specification defines how the Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP (BOSH) technology can be used to transport XMPP stanzas. The result is an HTTP binding for XMPP communications that is useful in situations where a device or client is unable to maintain a long-lived TCP connection to an XMPP server.</abstract>
  &LEGALNOTICE;
  <number>0206</number>
  <status>Draft</status>
  <type>Standards Track</type>
  <sig>Standards</sig>
  <approver>Council</approver>
  <dependencies>
    <spec>XMPP Core</spec>
    <spec>XEP-0124</spec>
  </dependencies>
  <supersedes/>
  <supersededby/>
  <shortname>xbosh</shortname>
  <schemaloc>
    <url>http://www.xmpp.org/schemas/xbosh.xsd</url>
  </schemaloc>
  &ianpaterson;
  &stpeter;
  <revision>
    <version>1.2</version>
    <date>2008-10-29</date>
    <initials>psa</initials>
    <remark><p>Clarified handling of xmpp:restart -- client MUST send the restart and the body MUST be empty; removed IM session establishment examples because that protocol is deprecated in rfc3921bis; corrected XML schema.</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>1.1</version>
    <date>2007-06-04</date>
    <initials>ip</initials>
    <remark><p>remote-stream-error includes full &lt;stream:error/&gt; element (not just its content) and optional stanzas</p></remark>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <date>2007-02-28</date>
    <initials>ip</initials>
    <remark><p>Initial version (extracted from XEP-0124 version 1.5); deprecated non-SASL authentication and authid attribute; multiple clarifications and restructuring without changes to protocol itself; added optional version and restart attributes.</p></remark>
  </revision>
</header>

<section1 topic='Introduction' anchor='intro'>
  <p>The &xep0124; protocol defines how arbitrary XML elements can be transported efficiently and reliably over HTTP in both directions between a client and server. This document defines some minor extensions to BOSH that enable XMPP streams (as specified in &rfc3920; and &rfc3921;) to be bound to HTTP.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic="&lt;body/&gt; Wrapper Element" anchor='wrapper'>
  <p>If the BOSH &lt;body/&gt; wrapper is not empty, then it SHOULD contain one of the following:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>A complete &lt;stream:features/&gt; element (in which case the BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element MUST include the namespace xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams').</li>
    <li>A complete element used for SASL negotiation and qualified by the 'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl' namespace.</li>
    <li>One or more complete &lt;message/&gt;, &lt;presence/&gt;, and/or &lt;iq/&gt; elements qualified by the 'jabber:client' namespace.</li>
    <li>A &lt;stream:error/&gt; element (in which case the BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element MUST include the namespace xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams' and it MUST feature the 'remote-stream-error' terminal error condition), preceded by zero or more complete &lt;message/&gt;, &lt;presence/&gt;, and/or &lt;iq/&gt; elements qualified by the 'jabber:client' namespace.</li>
  </ul>
  <p>Note: Many existing XMPP-specific implementations of BOSH clients and connection managers do not specify the namespace of &lt;message/&gt;, &lt;presence/&gt;, or &lt;iq/&gt; elements, since that allows them to forward stanzas without modification (the XMPP &lt;stream:stream/&gt; wrapper element used with TCP typically sets the default namespace to 'jabber:client'). They instead simply assume that the full content of the 'jabber:client' namespace is a subset of the 'http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind' namespace.</p>
  <p>Note: Inclusion of TLS negotiation elements is allowed but is NOT RECOMMENDED. The definition of how TLS might be implemented over BOSH is currently beyond the scope of this document. Instead, channel encryption SHOULD be completed at the HTTP (transport) layer, not the XMPP (application) layer.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic="Session Creation Request" anchor='initiate'>
  <p>The client SHOULD include an 'xmpp:version' attribute qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:xbosh' namespace in its session creation request. This attribute corresponds to the 'version' attribute of the XMPP &lt;stream:stream/&gt; element as defined in <cite>RFC 3920</cite>. The connection manager SHOULD forward the value to the XMPP server accordingly.</p>
  <example caption="Requesting a session with a version attribute">
<![CDATA[POST /webclient HTTP/1.1
Host: httpcm.jabber.org
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 104

<body content='text/xml; charset=utf-8'
      hold='1'
      rid='1573741820'
      to='jabber.org'
      route='xmpp:jabber.org:9999'
      secure='true'
      wait='60'
      xml:lang='en'
      xmpp:version='1.0'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
      xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'/>]]></example>
  <p>Note: Unlike the protocol defined in &xep0025;, an opening &lt;stream:stream&gt; tag is not sent to the connection manager (since BOSH &lt;body/&gt; elements MUST not contain partial XML elements). Any XML streams between the connection manager and an XMPP server are the responsibility of the connection manager (and beyond the scope of this document).</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic="Session Creation Response" anchor='create'>
  <p>The connection manager SHOULD include an 'xmpp:version' attribute (qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:xbosh' namespace) and a &lt;stream:features/&gt; element (qualified by the 'http://etherx.jabber.org/streams' namespace) in a response as soon as they are available, either in its session creation response, or (if it has not yet received them from the XMPP server) in any subsequent response. If no &lt;stream:features/&gt; element is included in the connection manager's session creation response, then the client SHOULD send empty request elements until it receives a response containing a &lt;stream:features/&gt; element.</p>
  <p>Note: The same procedure applies to the <em>obsolete</em> XMPP-specific 'authid' attribute of the BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element, which contains the value of the XMPP stream ID generated by the XMPP server. This value is needed only by legacy XMPP clients in order to complete digest authentication using the <em>obsolete</em>&#32;&xep0078; protocol. <note>Separate 'sid' and 'authid' attributes are required because the connection manager is not necessarily part of a single XMPP server (e.g., it may handle HTTP connections on behalf of multiple XMPP servers).</note></p>
  <example caption="Session creation response with stream features">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 674

<body wait='60'
      inactivity='30'
      polling='5'
      requests='2'
      hold='1'
      accept='deflate,gzip'
      sid='SomeSID'
      secure='true'
      charsets='ISO_8859-1 ISO-2022-JP'
      xmpp:version='1.0'
      authid='ServerStreamID'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
      xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'
      xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
  <stream:features>
    <mechanisms xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'>
      <mechanism>DIGEST-MD5</mechanism>
      <mechanism>PLAIN</mechanism>
    </mechanisms>
  </stream:features>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="Subsequent response with stream features">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 483

<body xmpp:version='1.0'
      authid='ServerStreamID'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
      xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'
      xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
  <stream:features>
    <mechanisms xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'>
      <mechanism>DIGEST-MD5</mechanism>
      <mechanism>PLAIN</mechanism>
    </mechanisms>
  </stream:features>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <p>Note: The client SHOULD ignore any Transport Layer Security (TLS) feature since BOSH channel encryption SHOULD be negotiated at the HTTP layer.</p>
  <p>TLS compression (as defined in <cite>RFC 3920</cite>) and Stream Compression (as defined in &xep0138;) are NOT RECOMMENDED since compression SHOULD be negotiated at the HTTP layer using the 'accept' attribute of the BOSH session creation response. TLS compression and Stream Compression SHOULD NOT be used at the same time as HTTP content encoding.</p>
  <p>Note: The 'xmpp:version' attribute SHOULD also be included on the request and response when adding new streams to a session.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic="Authentication, Resource Binding, and IM Session Establishment" anchor='preconditions-sasl'>
  <p>A success case for authentication and resource binding using the XMPP protocols is shown below. For detailed specification of these protocols (including error cases), refer to <cite>RFC 3920</cite>.</p>
  <example caption="SASL authentication step 1">
<![CDATA[POST /webclient HTTP/1.1
Host: httpcm.jabber.org
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 172

<body rid='1573741821'
      sid='SomeSID'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <auth xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl' mechanism='DIGEST-MD5'/>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="SASL authentication step 2">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 250

<body xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <challenge xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'>
    cmVhbG09InNvbWVyZWFsbSIsbm9uY2U9Ik9BNk1HOXRFUUdtMmhoIixxb3A9
    ImF1dGgiLGNoYXJzZXQ9dXRmLTgsYWxnb3JpdGhtPW1kNS1zZXNzCg==
  </challenge>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="SASL authentication step 3">
<![CDATA[POST /webclient HTTP/1.1
Host: httpcm.jabber.org
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 418

<body rid='1573741822'
      sid='SomeSID'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <response xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'>
    dXNlcm5hbWU9InNvbWVub2RlIixyZWFsbT0ic29tZXJlYWxtIixub25jZT0i
    T0E2TUc5dEVRR20yaGgiLGNub25jZT0iT0E2TUhYaDZWcVRyUmsiLG5jPTAw
    MDAwMDAxLHFvcD1hdXRoLGRpZ2VzdC11cmk9InhtcHAvZXhhbXBsZS5jb20i
    LHJlc3BvbnNlPWQzODhkYWQ5MGQ0YmJkNzYwYTE1MjMyMWYyMTQzYWY3LGNo
    YXJzZXQ9dXRmLTgK
  </response>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="SASL authentication step 4">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 190

<body xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <challenge xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'>
    cnNwYXV0aD1lYTQwZjYwMzM1YzQyN2I1NTI3Yjg0ZGJhYmNkZmZmZAo=
  </challenge>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="SASL authentication step 5">
<![CDATA[POST /webclient HTTP/1.1
Host: httpcm.jabber.org
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 152

<body rid='1573741823'
      sid='SomeSID'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <response xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'/>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="SASL authentication step 6">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 121

<body xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <success xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'/>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <p>Upon receiving the &lt;success/&gt; element, the client MUST then ask the connection manager to restart the stream by sending a "restart request" that is structured as follows:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>The BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element MUST include a boolean 'xmpp:restart' attribute (qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:xbosh' namespace) whose value is "true" &BOOLEANNOTE;.</li>
    <li>The BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element SHOULD include the 'to' attribute.</li>
    <li>The BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element SHOULD include the 'xml:lang' attribute.</li>
    <li>The BOSH &lt;body/&gt; element SHOULD be empty (i.e., not contain an XML stanza). However, if the client includes an XML stanza in the body, the connection manager SHOULD ignore it. <note>It is known that some connection manager implementations accept an XML stanza in the body of the restart request and send that stanza to the server when the stream is restarted; however there is no guarantee that a connection manager will send the stanza so a client cannot rely on this behavior.</note></li>
  </ul>
  <p>The following example illustrates the format for a restart request.</p>
  <example caption="Restart request">
<![CDATA[POST /webclient HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 240

<body rid='1573741824'
      sid='SomeSID'
      to='jabber.org'
      xml:lang='en'
      xmpp:restart='true'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
      xmlns:xmpp='urn:xmpp:xbosh'/>
  ]]></example>
  <p>Upon receiving a restart request, the connection manager MUST consider the previous stream with the XMPP server to be closed. It MUST then initiate a new stream by sending an opening &lt;stream:stream&gt; tag over the same TCP connection to the XMPP server. If the connection manager receives a &lt;stream:features/&gt; element from the XMPP server, it MUST forward that element to the client:</p>
  <example caption="Result of restart request">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 221

<body xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
      xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
  <stream:features>
    <bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'/>
  </stream:features>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <p>The client can then complete any mandatory or discretionary stream feature negotiations.</p>
  <example caption="Resource binding request">
<![CDATA[POST /webclient HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 240

<body rid='1573741825'
      sid='SomeSID'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <iq id='bind_1'
      type='set'
      xmlns='jabber:client'>
    <bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'>
      <resource>httpclient</resource>
    </bind>
  </iq>
</body>
  ]]></example>
  <example caption="Resource binding result">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 221

<body xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
  <iq id='bind_1'
      type='result'
      xmlns='jabber:client'>
    <bind xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-bind'>
      <jid>stpeter@jabber.org/httpclient</jid>
    </bind>
  </iq>
</body>
  ]]></example>
</section1>

<section1 topic='remote-stream-error' anchor='remote-stream-error'>
  <p>The content of the &lt;body/&gt; element is zero or more stanzas followed by a copy of the &lt;stream:error/&gt; element <note>Earlier obsolete versions of this protocol specified that the &lt;body/&gt; element should contain only the <em>content</em> of the &lt;stream:error/&gt; element.</note> (qualified by the 'http://etherx.jabber.org/streams' namespace) received from the XMPP server:</p>
  <example caption="Remote error">
<![CDATA[HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 68

<body condition='remote-stream-error'
      type='terminate'
      xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
      xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
  <message from='contact@example.com'
           to='user@example.com'
           xmlns='jabber:client'>
    <body>I said "Hi!"</body>
  </message>
  <stream:error>
    <xml-not-well-formed xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-streams'/>
    <text xmlns='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-streams'
          xml:lang='en'>
      Some special application diagnostic information!
    </text>
    <escape-your-data xmlns='application-ns'/>
  </stream:error>
</body>
  ]]></example>
</section1>

<section1 topic='recipient-unavailable' anchor='recipient-unavailable'>
  <p>It is possible that a connection manager will receive a stanza for delivery to a client even though the client connection is no longer active (e.g., before the connection manager is able to inform the XMPP server that the connection has died). In this case, the connection manager would return an error to the XMPP server; it is RECOMMENDED that the connection manager proceed as follows, since the situation is similar to that addressed by point #2 of Section 11.1 of <cite>RFC 3921</cite>:</p>
  <ol>
    <li>If the delivered stanza was &PRESENCE;, silently drop the stanza and do not return an error to the sender.</li>
    <li>If the delivered stanza was &IQ;, return a &unavailable; error to the sender.</li>
    <li>If the delivered stanza was &MESSAGE;, return a &recipient; error to the sender.</li>
  </ol>
  <p>When an XMPP server receives a &MESSAGE; stanza of type "error" containing a &recipient; condition from a connection manager, it SHOULD store the message for later delivery if offline storage is enabled (see &xep0160;), otherwise route the error stanza to the sender.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic='Security Considerations' anchor='security'>
  <p>This protocol does not introduce any new security considerations beyond those specified in <cite>BOSH</cite> and <cite>XMPP Core</cite>.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic='IANA Considerations' anchor='iana'>
  <p>This document requires no interaction with &IANA;.</p>
</section1>

<section1 topic='XMPP Registrar Considerations' anchor='registrar'>
  <section2 topic='Protocol Namespaces' anchor='registrar-ns'>
    <p>The &REGISTRAR; includes 'urn:xmpp:xbosh' in its registry of protocol namespaces.</p>
  </section2>
</section1>

<section1 topic='XML Schema' anchor='schema'>
  <code><![CDATA[
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>

<xs:schema
    xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'
    targetNamespace='urn:xmpp:xbosh'
    xmlns='urn:xmpp:xbosh'
    elementFormDefault='qualified'>

  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:documentation>
      The protocol documented by this schema is defined in
      XEP-0206: http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0206.html
    </xs:documentation>
  </xs:annotation>

  <xs:import namespace='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'
             schemaLocation='http://www.xmpp.org/schemas/httpbind.xsd'/>

  <xs:import namespace='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'
             schemaLocation='http://www.xmpp.org/schemas/streams.xsd'/>

  <xs:element xmlns:bosh='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
              name='bosh:body'>
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:choice xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'>
        <xs:element ref='stream:features'
                minOccurs='0'
                maxOccurs='1'/>
        <xs:element ref='stream:error'
                minOccurs='0'
                maxOccurs='1'/>
        <xs:any namespace='urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl'
                minOccurs='0'
                maxOccurs='1'/>
        <xs:any namespace='jabber:client'
                minOccurs='0'
                maxOccurs='unbounded'/>
        <xs:element name='uri'
                minOccurs='0'
                maxOccurs='1'
                type='xs:string'/>
        <xs:any namespace='##any'
                minOccurs='0'
                maxOccurs='unbounded'
                processContents='lax'/>
      </xs:choice>
      <xs:attribute name='restart' 
                    type='xs:boolean'
                    use='optional'
                    default='false'/>
      <xs:attribute name='version' 
                    type='xs:string'
                    use='optional'
                    default='1.0'/>
      <xs:anyAttribute namespace='##any' processContents='lax'/>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>

</xs:schema>
  ]]></code>
</section1>

</xep>
