/* Establishing and handling network connections. Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Wget. GNU Wget is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. GNU Wget is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Wget; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. In addition, as a special exception, the Free Software Foundation gives permission to link the code of its release of Wget with the OpenSSL project's "OpenSSL" library (or with modified versions of it that use the same license as the "OpenSSL" library), and distribute the linked executables. You must obey the GNU General Public License in all respects for all of the code used other than "OpenSSL". If you modify this file, you may extend this exception to your version of the file, but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete this exception statement from your version. */ #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H # include #endif #include #ifndef WINDOWS # include # include # include # ifndef __BEOS__ # include # endif #endif /* not WINDOWS */ #include #include #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H # include #endif /* HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H */ #include "wget.h" #include "utils.h" #include "host.h" #include "connect.h" #include "hash.h" /* Define sockaddr_storage where unavailable (presumably on IPv4-only hosts). */ #ifndef ENABLE_IPV6 # ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_STORAGE # define sockaddr_storage sockaddr_in # endif #endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */ /* Fill SA as per the data in IP and PORT. SA shoult point to struct sockaddr_storage if ENABLE_IPV6 is defined, to struct sockaddr_in otherwise. */ static void sockaddr_set_data (struct sockaddr *sa, const ip_address *ip, int port) { switch (ip->type) { case IPV4_ADDRESS: { struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa; xzero (*sin); sin->sin_family = AF_INET; sin->sin_port = htons (port); sin->sin_addr = ADDRESS_IPV4_IN_ADDR (ip); break; } #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6 case IPV6_ADDRESS: { struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa; xzero (*sin6); sin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6; sin6->sin6_port = htons (port); sin6->sin6_addr = ADDRESS_IPV6_IN6_ADDR (ip); #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SCOPE_ID sin6->sin6_scope_id = ADDRESS_IPV6_SCOPE (ip); #endif break; } #endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */ default: abort (); } } /* Get the data of SA, specifically the IP address and the port. If you're not interested in one or the other information, pass NULL as the pointer. */ static void sockaddr_get_data (const struct sockaddr *sa, ip_address *ip, int *port) { switch (sa->sa_family) { case AF_INET: { struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa; if (ip) { ip->type = IPV4_ADDRESS; ADDRESS_IPV4_IN_ADDR (ip) = sin->sin_addr; } if (port) *port = ntohs (sin->sin_port); break; } #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6 case AF_INET6: { struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa; if (ip) { ip->type = IPV6_ADDRESS; ADDRESS_IPV6_IN6_ADDR (ip) = sin6->sin6_addr; #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SCOPE_ID ADDRESS_IPV6_SCOPE (ip) = sin6->sin6_scope_id; #endif } if (port) *port = ntohs (sin6->sin6_port); break; } #endif default: abort (); } } /* Return the size of the sockaddr structure depending on its family. */ static socklen_t sockaddr_size (const struct sockaddr *sa) { switch (sa->sa_family) { case AF_INET: return sizeof (struct sockaddr_in); #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6 case AF_INET6: return sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6); #endif default: abort (); } } /* Resolve the bind address specified via --bind-address and store it to SA. The resolved value is stored in a static variable and reused after the first invocation of this function. Returns true on success, false on failure. */ static bool resolve_bind_address (struct sockaddr *sa) { struct address_list *al; /* Make sure this is called only once. opt.bind_address doesn't change during a Wget run. */ static bool called, should_bind; static ip_address ip; if (called) { if (should_bind) sockaddr_set_data (sa, &ip, 0); return should_bind; } called = true; al = lookup_host (opt.bind_address, LH_BIND | LH_SILENT); if (!al) { /* #### We should be able to print the error message here. */ logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, _("%s: unable to resolve bind address `%s'; disabling bind.\n"), exec_name, opt.bind_address); should_bind = false; return false; } /* Pick the first address in the list and use it as bind address. Perhaps we should try multiple addresses in succession, but I don't think that's necessary in practice. */ ip = *address_list_address_at (al, 0); address_list_release (al); sockaddr_set_data (sa, &ip, 0); should_bind = true; return true; } struct cwt_context { int fd; const struct sockaddr *addr; socklen_t addrlen; int result; }; static void connect_with_timeout_callback (void *arg) { struct cwt_context *ctx = (struct cwt_context *)arg; ctx->result = connect (ctx->fd, ctx->addr, ctx->addrlen); } /* Like connect, but specifies a timeout. If connecting takes longer than TIMEOUT seconds, -1 is returned and errno is set to ETIMEDOUT. */ static int connect_with_timeout (int fd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen, double timeout) { struct cwt_context ctx; ctx.fd = fd; ctx.addr = addr; ctx.addrlen = addrlen; if (run_with_timeout (timeout, connect_with_timeout_callback, &ctx)) { errno = ETIMEDOUT; return -1; } if (ctx.result == -1 && errno == EINTR) errno = ETIMEDOUT; return ctx.result; } /* Connect via TCP to the specified address and port. If PRINT is non-NULL, it is the host name to print that we're connecting to. */ int connect_to_ip (const ip_address *ip, int port, const char *print) { struct sockaddr_storage ss; struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&ss; int sock; /* If PRINT is non-NULL, print the "Connecting to..." line, with PRINT being the host name we're connecting to. */ if (print) { const char *txt_addr = pretty_print_address (ip); if (print && 0 != strcmp (print, txt_addr)) logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("Connecting to %s|%s|:%d... "), escnonprint (print), txt_addr, port); else logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("Connecting to %s:%d... "), txt_addr, port); } /* Store the sockaddr info to SA. */ sockaddr_set_data (sa, ip, port); /* Create the socket of the family appropriate for the address. */ sock = socket (sa->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (sock < 0) goto err; #if defined(ENABLE_IPV6) && defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) if (opt.ipv6_only) { int on = 1; /* In case of error, we will go on anyway... */ int err = setsockopt (sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof (on)); IF_DEBUG if (err < 0) DEBUGP (("Failed setting IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror (errno))); } #endif /* For very small rate limits, set the buffer size (and hence, hopefully, the kernel's TCP window size) to the per-second limit. That way we should never have to sleep for more than 1s between network reads. */ if (opt.limit_rate && opt.limit_rate < 8192) { int bufsize = opt.limit_rate; if (bufsize < 512) bufsize = 512; /* avoid pathologically small values */ #ifdef SO_RCVBUF setsockopt (sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (void *)&bufsize, (socklen_t)sizeof (bufsize)); #endif /* When we add limit_rate support for writing, which is useful for POST, we should also set SO_SNDBUF here. */ } if (opt.bind_address) { /* Bind the client side of the socket to the requested address. */ struct sockaddr_storage bind_ss; struct sockaddr *bind_sa = (struct sockaddr *)&bind_ss; if (resolve_bind_address (bind_sa)) { if (bind (sock, bind_sa, sockaddr_size (bind_sa)) < 0) goto err; } } /* Connect the socket to the remote endpoint. */ if (connect_with_timeout (sock, sa, sockaddr_size (sa), opt.connect_timeout) < 0) goto err; /* Success. */ assert (sock >= 0); if (print) logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("connected.\n")); DEBUGP (("Created socket %d.\n", sock)); return sock; err: { /* Protect errno from possible modifications by close and logprintf. */ int save_errno = errno; if (sock >= 0) fd_close (sock); if (print) logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("failed: %s.\n"), strerror (errno)); errno = save_errno; return -1; } } /* Connect via TCP to a remote host on the specified port. HOST is resolved as an Internet host name. If HOST resolves to more than one IP address, they are tried in the order returned by DNS until connecting to one of them succeeds. */ int connect_to_host (const char *host, int port) { int i, start, end; int sock; struct address_list *al = lookup_host (host, 0); retry: if (!al) return E_HOST; address_list_get_bounds (al, &start, &end); for (i = start; i < end; i++) { const ip_address *ip = address_list_address_at (al, i); sock = connect_to_ip (ip, port, host); if (sock >= 0) { /* Success. */ address_list_set_connected (al); address_list_release (al); return sock; } /* The attempt to connect has failed. Continue with the loop and try next address. */ address_list_set_faulty (al, i); } /* Failed to connect to any of the addresses in AL. */ if (address_list_connected_p (al)) { /* We connected to AL before, but cannot do so now. That might indicate that our DNS cache entry for HOST has expired. */ address_list_release (al); al = lookup_host (host, LH_REFRESH); goto retry; } address_list_release (al); return -1; } /* Create a socket, bind it to local interface BIND_ADDRESS on port *PORT, set up a listen backlog, and return the resulting socket, or -1 in case of error. BIND_ADDRESS is the address of the interface to bind to. If it is NULL, the socket is bound to the default address. PORT should point to the port number that will be used for the binding. If that number is 0, the system will choose a suitable port, and the chosen value will be written to *PORT. Calling accept() on such a socket waits for and accepts incoming TCP connections. */ int bind_local (const ip_address *bind_address, int *port) { int sock; int family = AF_INET; struct sockaddr_storage ss; struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&ss; /* For setting options with setsockopt. */ int setopt_val = 1; void *setopt_ptr = (void *)&setopt_val; socklen_t setopt_size = sizeof (setopt_val); #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6 if (bind_address->type == IPV6_ADDRESS) family = AF_INET6; #endif sock = socket (family, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (sock < 0) return -1; #ifdef SO_REUSEADDR setsockopt (sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, setopt_ptr, setopt_size); #endif xzero (ss); sockaddr_set_data (sa, bind_address, *port); if (bind (sock, sa, sockaddr_size (sa)) < 0) { fd_close (sock); return -1; } DEBUGP (("Local socket fd %d bound.\n", sock)); /* If *PORT is 0, find out which port we've bound to. */ if (*port == 0) { socklen_t addrlen = sockaddr_size (sa); if (getsockname (sock, sa, &addrlen) < 0) { /* If we can't find out the socket's local address ("name"), something is seriously wrong with the socket, and it's unusable for us anyway because we must know the chosen port. */ fd_close (sock); return -1; } sockaddr_get_data (sa, NULL, port); DEBUGP (("binding to address %s using port %i.\n", pretty_print_address (bind_address), *port)); } if (listen (sock, 1) < 0) { fd_close (sock); return -1; } return sock; } /* Like a call to accept(), but with the added check for timeout. In other words, accept a client connection on LOCAL_SOCK, and return the new socket used for communication with the client. LOCAL_SOCK should have been bound, e.g. using bind_local(). The caller is blocked until a connection is established. If no connection is established for opt.connect_timeout seconds, the function exits with an error status. */ int accept_connection (int local_sock) { int sock; /* We don't need the values provided by accept, but accept apparently requires them to be present. */ struct sockaddr_storage ss; struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&ss; socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (ss); if (opt.connect_timeout) { int test = select_fd (local_sock, opt.connect_timeout, WAIT_FOR_READ); if (test == 0) errno = ETIMEDOUT; if (test <= 0) return -1; } sock = accept (local_sock, sa, &addrlen); DEBUGP (("Accepted client at socket %d.\n", sock)); return sock; } /* Get the IP address associated with the connection on FD and store it to IP. Return true on success, false otherwise. If ENDPOINT is ENDPOINT_LOCAL, it returns the address of the local (client) side of the socket. Else if ENDPOINT is ENDPOINT_PEER, it returns the address of the remote (peer's) side of the socket. */ bool socket_ip_address (int sock, ip_address *ip, int endpoint) { struct sockaddr_storage storage; struct sockaddr *sockaddr = (struct sockaddr *)&storage; socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (storage); int ret; if (endpoint == ENDPOINT_LOCAL) ret = getsockname (sock, sockaddr, &addrlen); else if (endpoint == ENDPOINT_PEER) ret = getpeername (sock, sockaddr, &addrlen); else abort (); if (ret < 0) return false; switch (sockaddr->sa_family) { #ifdef ENABLE_IPV6 case AF_INET6: { struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&storage; ip->type = IPV6_ADDRESS; ADDRESS_IPV6_IN6_ADDR (ip) = sa6->sin6_addr; #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SCOPE_ID ADDRESS_IPV6_SCOPE (ip) = sa6->sin6_scope_id; #endif DEBUGP (("conaddr is: %s\n", pretty_print_address (ip))); return true; } #endif case AF_INET: { struct sockaddr_in *sa = (struct sockaddr_in *)&storage; ip->type = IPV4_ADDRESS; ADDRESS_IPV4_IN_ADDR (ip) = sa->sin_addr; DEBUGP (("conaddr is: %s\n", pretty_print_address (ip))); return true; } default: abort (); } } /* Return true if the error from the connect code can be considered retryable. Wget normally retries after errors, but the exception are the "unsupported protocol" type errors (possible on IPv4/IPv6 dual family systems) and "connection refused". */ bool retryable_socket_connect_error (int err) { /* Have to guard against some of these values not being defined. Cannot use a switch statement because some of the values might be equal. */ if (false #ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT || err == EAFNOSUPPORT #endif #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT || err == EPFNOSUPPORT #endif #ifdef ESOCKTNOSUPPORT /* no, "sockt" is not a typo! */ || err == ESOCKTNOSUPPORT #endif #ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT || err == EPROTONOSUPPORT #endif #ifdef ENOPROTOOPT || err == ENOPROTOOPT #endif /* Apparently, older versions of Linux and BSD used EINVAL instead of EAFNOSUPPORT and such. */ || err == EINVAL ) return false; if (!opt.retry_connrefused) if (err == ECONNREFUSED #ifdef ENETUNREACH || err == ENETUNREACH /* network is unreachable */ #endif #ifdef EHOSTUNREACH || err == EHOSTUNREACH /* host is unreachable */ #endif ) return false; return true; } /* Wait for a single descriptor to become available, timing out after MAXTIME seconds. Returns 1 if FD is available, 0 for timeout and -1 for error. The argument WAIT_FOR can be a combination of WAIT_FOR_READ and WAIT_FOR_WRITE. This is a mere convenience wrapper around the select call, and should be taken as such (for example, it doesn't implement Wget's 0-timeout-means-no-timeout semantics.) */ int select_fd (int fd, double maxtime, int wait_for) { fd_set fdset; fd_set *rd = NULL, *wr = NULL; struct timeval tmout; int result; FD_ZERO (&fdset); FD_SET (fd, &fdset); if (wait_for & WAIT_FOR_READ) rd = &fdset; if (wait_for & WAIT_FOR_WRITE) wr = &fdset; tmout.tv_sec = (long) maxtime; tmout.tv_usec = 1000000 * (maxtime - (long) maxtime); do result = select (fd + 1, rd, wr, NULL, &tmout); while (result < 0 && errno == EINTR); return result; } bool test_socket_open (int sock) { fd_set check_set; struct timeval to; /* Check if we still have a valid (non-EOF) connection. From Andrew * Maholski's code in the Unix Socket FAQ. */ FD_ZERO (&check_set); FD_SET (sock, &check_set); /* Wait one microsecond */ to.tv_sec = 0; to.tv_usec = 1; /* If we get a timeout, then that means still connected */ if (select (sock + 1, &check_set, NULL, NULL, &to) == 0) { /* Connection is valid (not EOF), so continue */ return true; } else return false; } /* Basic socket operations, mostly EINTR wrappers. */ #ifdef WINDOWS # define read(fd, buf, cnt) recv (fd, buf, cnt, 0) # define write(fd, buf, cnt) send (fd, buf, cnt, 0) # define close(fd) closesocket (fd) #endif #ifdef __BEOS__ # define read(fd, buf, cnt) recv (fd, buf, cnt, 0) # define write(fd, buf, cnt) send (fd, buf, cnt, 0) #endif static int sock_read (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize) { int res; do res = read (fd, buf, bufsize); while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR); return res; } static int sock_write (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize) { int res; do res = write (fd, buf, bufsize); while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR); return res; } static int sock_poll (int fd, double timeout, int wait_for) { return select_fd (fd, timeout, wait_for); } static int sock_peek (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize) { int res; do res = recv (fd, buf, bufsize, MSG_PEEK); while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR); return res; } static void sock_close (int fd) { close (fd); DEBUGP (("Closed fd %d\n", fd)); } #undef read #undef write #undef close /* Reading and writing from the network. We build around the socket (file descriptor) API, but support "extended" operations for things that are not mere file descriptors under the hood, such as SSL sockets. That way the user code can call fd_read(fd, ...) and we'll run read or SSL_read or whatever is necessary. */ static struct hash_table *transport_map; static int transport_map_modified_tick; struct transport_info { fd_reader_t reader; fd_writer_t writer; fd_poller_t poller; fd_peeker_t peeker; fd_closer_t closer; void *ctx; }; /* Register the transport layer operations that will be used when reading, writing, and polling FD. This should be used for transport layers like SSL that piggyback on sockets. FD should otherwise be a real socket, on which you can call getpeername, etc. */ void fd_register_transport (int fd, fd_reader_t reader, fd_writer_t writer, fd_poller_t poller, fd_peeker_t peeker, fd_closer_t closer, void *ctx) { struct transport_info *info; /* The file descriptor must be non-negative to be registered. Negative values are ignored by fd_close(), and -1 cannot be used as hash key. */ assert (fd >= 0); info = xnew (struct transport_info); info->reader = reader; info->writer = writer; info->poller = poller; info->peeker = peeker; info->closer = closer; info->ctx = ctx; if (!transport_map) transport_map = hash_table_new (0, NULL, NULL); hash_table_put (transport_map, (void *) fd, info); ++transport_map_modified_tick; } /* Return context of the transport registered with fd_register_transport. This assumes fd_register_transport was previously called on FD. */ void * fd_transport_context (int fd) { struct transport_info *info = hash_table_get (transport_map, (void *) fd); return info->ctx; } /* When fd_read/fd_write are called multiple times in a loop, they should remember the INFO pointer instead of fetching it every time. It is not enough to compare FD to LAST_FD because FD might have been closed and reopened. modified_tick ensures that changes to transport_map will not be unnoticed. This is a macro because we want the static storage variables to be per-function. */ #define LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO(info) do { \ static struct transport_info *last_info; \ static int last_fd = -1, last_tick; \ if (!transport_map) \ info = NULL; \ else if (last_fd == fd && last_tick == transport_map_modified_tick) \ info = last_info; \ else \ { \ info = hash_table_get (transport_map, (void *) fd); \ last_fd = fd; \ last_info = info; \ last_tick = transport_map_modified_tick; \ } \ } while (0) static bool poll_internal (int fd, struct transport_info *info, int wf, double timeout) { if (timeout == -1) timeout = opt.read_timeout; if (timeout) { int test; if (info && info->poller) test = info->poller (fd, timeout, wf, info->ctx); else test = sock_poll (fd, timeout, wf); if (test == 0) errno = ETIMEDOUT; if (test <= 0) return false; } return true; } /* Read no more than BUFSIZE bytes of data from FD, storing them to BUF. If TIMEOUT is non-zero, the operation aborts if no data is received after that many seconds. If TIMEOUT is -1, the value of opt.timeout is used for TIMEOUT. */ int fd_read (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize, double timeout) { struct transport_info *info; LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO (info); if (!poll_internal (fd, info, WAIT_FOR_READ, timeout)) return -1; if (info && info->reader) return info->reader (fd, buf, bufsize, info->ctx); else return sock_read (fd, buf, bufsize); } /* Like fd_read, except it provides a "preview" of the data that will be read by subsequent calls to fd_read. Specifically, it copies no more than BUFSIZE bytes of the currently available data to BUF and returns the number of bytes copied. Return values and timeout semantics are the same as those of fd_read. CAVEAT: Do not assume that the first subsequent call to fd_read will retrieve the same amount of data. Reading can return more or less data, depending on the TCP implementation and other circumstances. However, barring an error, it can be expected that all the peeked data will eventually be read by fd_read. */ int fd_peek (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize, double timeout) { struct transport_info *info; LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO (info); if (!poll_internal (fd, info, WAIT_FOR_READ, timeout)) return -1; if (info && info->peeker) return info->peeker (fd, buf, bufsize, info->ctx); else return sock_peek (fd, buf, bufsize); } /* Write the entire contents of BUF to FD. If TIMEOUT is non-zero, the operation aborts if no data is received after that many seconds. If TIMEOUT is -1, the value of opt.timeout is used for TIMEOUT. */ int fd_write (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize, double timeout) { int res; struct transport_info *info; LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO (info); /* `write' may write less than LEN bytes, thus the loop keeps trying it until all was written, or an error occurred. */ res = 0; while (bufsize > 0) { if (!poll_internal (fd, info, WAIT_FOR_WRITE, timeout)) return -1; if (info && info->writer) res = info->writer (fd, buf, bufsize, info->ctx); else res = sock_write (fd, buf, bufsize); if (res <= 0) break; buf += res; bufsize -= res; } return res; } /* Close the file descriptor FD. */ void fd_close (int fd) { struct transport_info *info; if (fd < 0) return; /* Don't use LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO because fd_close() is only called once per socket, so that particular optimization wouldn't work. */ info = NULL; if (transport_map) info = hash_table_get (transport_map, (void *) fd); if (info && info->closer) info->closer (fd, info->ctx); else sock_close (fd); if (info) { hash_table_remove (transport_map, (void *) fd); xfree (info); ++transport_map_modified_tick; } }