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Added http-parser

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Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa 2012-07-11 18:31:32 +09:00
parent 2c5f40b175
commit 9fd49121ee
8 changed files with 5651 additions and 0 deletions
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# Authors ordered by first contribution.
Ryan Dahl <ry@tinyclouds.org>
Jeremy Hinegardner <jeremy@hinegardner.org>
Sergey Shepelev <temotor@gmail.com>
Joe Damato <ice799@gmail.com>
tomika <tomika_nospam@freemail.hu>
Phoenix Sol <phoenix@burninglabs.com>
Cliff Frey <cliff@meraki.com>
Ewen Cheslack-Postava <ewencp@cs.stanford.edu>
Santiago Gala <sgala@apache.org>
Tim Becker <tim.becker@syngenio.de>
Jeff Terrace <jterrace@gmail.com>
Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net>
Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
Aman Gupta <aman@tmm1.net>
Tim Becker <tim.becker@kuriositaet.de>
Sean Cunningham <sean.cunningham@mandiant.com>
Peter Griess <pg@std.in>
Salman Haq <salman.haq@asti-usa.com>
Cliff Frey <clifffrey@gmail.com>
Jon Kolb <jon@b0g.us>
Fouad Mardini <f.mardini@gmail.com>
Paul Querna <pquerna@apache.org>
Felix Geisendörfer <felix@debuggable.com>
koichik <koichik@improvement.jp>
Andre Caron <andre.l.caron@gmail.com>
Ivo Raisr <ivosh@ivosh.net>
James McLaughlin <jamie@lacewing-project.org>
David Gwynne <loki@animata.net>
LE ROUX Thomas <thomas@procheo.fr>
Randy Rizun <rrizun@ortivawireless.com>

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Contributors must agree to the Contributor License Agreement before patches
can be accepted.
http://spreadsheets2.google.com/viewform?hl=en&formkey=dDJXOGUwbzlYaWM4cHN1MERwQS1CSnc6MQ

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http_parser.c is based on src/http/ngx_http_parse.c from NGINX copyright
Igor Sysoev.
Additional changes are licensed under the same terms as NGINX and
copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
IN THE SOFTWARE.

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HTTP Parser
===========
This is a parser for HTTP messages written in C. It parses both requests and
responses. The parser is designed to be used in performance HTTP
applications. It does not make any syscalls nor allocations, it does not
buffer data, it can be interrupted at anytime. Depending on your
architecture, it only requires about 40 bytes of data per message
stream (in a web server that is per connection).
Features:
* No dependencies
* Handles persistent streams (keep-alive).
* Decodes chunked encoding.
* Upgrade support
* Defends against buffer overflow attacks.
The parser extracts the following information from HTTP messages:
* Header fields and values
* Content-Length
* Request method
* Response status code
* Transfer-Encoding
* HTTP version
* Request URL
* Message body
Usage
-----
One `http_parser` object is used per TCP connection. Initialize the struct
using `http_parser_init()` and set the callbacks. That might look something
like this for a request parser:
http_parser_settings settings;
settings.on_path = my_path_callback;
settings.on_header_field = my_header_field_callback;
/* ... */
http_parser *parser = malloc(sizeof(http_parser));
http_parser_init(parser, HTTP_REQUEST);
parser->data = my_socket;
When data is received on the socket execute the parser and check for errors.
size_t len = 80*1024, nparsed;
char buf[len];
ssize_t recved;
recved = recv(fd, buf, len, 0);
if (recved < 0) {
/* Handle error. */
}
/* Start up / continue the parser.
* Note we pass recved==0 to signal that EOF has been recieved.
*/
nparsed = http_parser_execute(parser, &settings, buf, recved);
if (parser->upgrade) {
/* handle new protocol */
} else if (nparsed != recved) {
/* Handle error. Usually just close the connection. */
}
HTTP needs to know where the end of the stream is. For example, sometimes
servers send responses without Content-Length and expect the client to
consume input (for the body) until EOF. To tell http_parser about EOF, give
`0` as the forth parameter to `http_parser_execute()`. Callbacks and errors
can still be encountered during an EOF, so one must still be prepared
to receive them.
Scalar valued message information such as `status_code`, `method`, and the
HTTP version are stored in the parser structure. This data is only
temporally stored in `http_parser` and gets reset on each new message. If
this information is needed later, copy it out of the structure during the
`headers_complete` callback.
The parser decodes the transfer-encoding for both requests and responses
transparently. That is, a chunked encoding is decoded before being sent to
the on_body callback.
The Special Problem of Upgrade
------------------------------
HTTP supports upgrading the connection to a different protocol. An
increasingly common example of this is the Web Socket protocol which sends
a request like
GET /demo HTTP/1.1
Upgrade: WebSocket
Connection: Upgrade
Host: example.com
Origin: http://example.com
WebSocket-Protocol: sample
followed by non-HTTP data.
(See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-75 for more
information the Web Socket protocol.)
To support this, the parser will treat this as a normal HTTP message without a
body. Issuing both on_headers_complete and on_message_complete callbacks. However
http_parser_execute() will stop parsing at the end of the headers and return.
The user is expected to check if `parser->upgrade` has been set to 1 after
`http_parser_execute()` returns. Non-HTTP data begins at the buffer supplied
offset by the return value of `http_parser_execute()`.
Callbacks
---------
During the `http_parser_execute()` call, the callbacks set in
`http_parser_settings` will be executed. The parser maintains state and
never looks behind, so buffering the data is not necessary. If you need to
save certain data for later usage, you can do that from the callbacks.
There are two types of callbacks:
* notification `typedef int (*http_cb) (http_parser*);`
Callbacks: on_message_begin, on_headers_complete, on_message_complete.
* data `typedef int (*http_data_cb) (http_parser*, const char *at, size_t length);`
Callbacks: (requests only) on_uri,
(common) on_header_field, on_header_value, on_body;
Callbacks must return 0 on success. Returning a non-zero value indicates
error to the parser, making it exit immediately.
In case you parse HTTP message in chunks (i.e. `read()` request line
from socket, parse, read half headers, parse, etc) your data callbacks
may be called more than once. Http-parser guarantees that data pointer is only
valid for the lifetime of callback. You can also `read()` into a heap allocated
buffer to avoid copying memory around if this fits your application.
Reading headers may be a tricky task if you read/parse headers partially.
Basically, you need to remember whether last header callback was field or value
and apply following logic:
(on_header_field and on_header_value shortened to on_h_*)
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
| State (prev. callback) | Callback | Description/action |
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
| nothing (first call) | on_h_field | Allocate new buffer and copy callback data |
| | | into it |
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
| value | on_h_field | New header started. |
| | | Copy current name,value buffers to headers |
| | | list and allocate new buffer for new name |
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
| field | on_h_field | Previous name continues. Reallocate name |
| | | buffer and append callback data to it |
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
| field | on_h_value | Value for current header started. Allocate |
| | | new buffer and copy callback data to it |
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
| value | on_h_value | Value continues. Reallocate value buffer |
| | | and append callback data to it |
------------------------ ------------ --------------------------------------------
Parsing URLs
------------
A simplistic zero-copy URL parser is provided as `http_parser_parse_url()`.
Users of this library may wish to use it to parse URLs constructed from
consecutive `on_url` callbacks.
See examples of reading in headers:
* [partial example](http://gist.github.com/155877) in C
* [from http-parser tests](http://github.com/joyent/http-parser/blob/37a0ff8/test.c#L403) in C
* [from Node library](http://github.com/joyent/node/blob/842eaf4/src/http.js#L284) in Javascript

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# This file is used with the GYP meta build system.
# http://code.google.com/p/gyp/
# To build try this:
# svn co http://gyp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk gyp
# ./gyp/gyp -f make --depth=`pwd` http_parser.gyp
# ./out/Debug/test
{
'target_defaults': {
'default_configuration': 'Debug',
'configurations': {
# TODO: hoist these out and put them somewhere common, because
# RuntimeLibrary MUST MATCH across the entire project
'Debug': {
'defines': [ 'DEBUG', '_DEBUG' ],
'msvs_settings': {
'VCCLCompilerTool': {
'RuntimeLibrary': 1, # static debug
},
},
},
'Release': {
'defines': [ 'NDEBUG' ],
'msvs_settings': {
'VCCLCompilerTool': {
'RuntimeLibrary': 0, # static release
},
},
}
},
'msvs_settings': {
'VCCLCompilerTool': {
},
'VCLibrarianTool': {
},
'VCLinkerTool': {
'GenerateDebugInformation': 'true',
},
},
'conditions': [
['OS == "win"', {
'defines': [
'WIN32'
],
}]
],
},
'targets': [
{
'target_name': 'http_parser',
'type': 'static_library',
'include_dirs': [ '.' ],
'direct_dependent_settings': {
'include_dirs': [ '.' ],
},
'defines': [ 'HTTP_PARSER_STRICT=0' ],
'sources': [ './http_parser.c', ],
'conditions': [
['OS=="win"', {
'msvs_settings': {
'VCCLCompilerTool': {
# Compile as C++. http_parser.c is actually C99, but C++ is
# close enough in this case.
'CompileAs': 2,
},
},
}]
],
},
{
'target_name': 'test',
'type': 'executable',
'dependencies': [ 'http_parser' ],
'sources': [ 'test.c' ]
}
]
}

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/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
* deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
* rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
* sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
* IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef http_parser_h
#define http_parser_h
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR 0
#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER<1600)
typedef __int8 int8_t;
typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
typedef __int16 int16_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
typedef __int32 int32_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
typedef __int64 int64_t;
typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
typedef unsigned int size_t;
typedef int ssize_t;
#else
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
/* Compile with -DHTTP_PARSER_STRICT=0 to make less checks, but run
* faster
*/
#ifndef HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
# define HTTP_PARSER_STRICT 1
#endif
/* Compile with -DHTTP_PARSER_DEBUG=1 to add extra debugging information to
* the error reporting facility.
*/
#ifndef HTTP_PARSER_DEBUG
# define HTTP_PARSER_DEBUG 0
#endif
/* Maximium header size allowed */
#define HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE (80*1024)
typedef struct http_parser http_parser;
typedef struct http_parser_settings http_parser_settings;
/* Callbacks should return non-zero to indicate an error. The parser will
* then halt execution.
*
* The one exception is on_headers_complete. In a HTTP_RESPONSE parser
* returning '1' from on_headers_complete will tell the parser that it
* should not expect a body. This is used when receiving a response to a
* HEAD request which may contain 'Content-Length' or 'Transfer-Encoding:
* chunked' headers that indicate the presence of a body.
*
* http_data_cb does not return data chunks. It will be call arbitrarally
* many times for each string. E.G. you might get 10 callbacks for "on_path"
* each providing just a few characters more data.
*/
typedef int (*http_data_cb) (http_parser*, const char *at, size_t length);
typedef int (*http_cb) (http_parser*);
/* Request Methods */
#define HTTP_METHOD_MAP(XX) \
XX(0, DELETE, DELETE) \
XX(1, GET, GET) \
XX(2, HEAD, HEAD) \
XX(3, POST, POST) \
XX(4, PUT, PUT) \
/* pathological */ \
XX(5, CONNECT, CONNECT) \
XX(6, OPTIONS, OPTIONS) \
XX(7, TRACE, TRACE) \
/* webdav */ \
XX(8, COPY, COPY) \
XX(9, LOCK, LOCK) \
XX(10, MKCOL, MKCOL) \
XX(11, MOVE, MOVE) \
XX(12, PROPFIND, PROPFIND) \
XX(13, PROPPATCH, PROPPATCH) \
XX(14, SEARCH, SEARCH) \
XX(15, UNLOCK, UNLOCK) \
/* subversion */ \
XX(16, REPORT, REPORT) \
XX(17, MKACTIVITY, MKACTIVITY) \
XX(18, CHECKOUT, CHECKOUT) \
XX(19, MERGE, MERGE) \
/* upnp */ \
XX(20, MSEARCH, M-SEARCH) \
XX(21, NOTIFY, NOTIFY) \
XX(22, SUBSCRIBE, SUBSCRIBE) \
XX(23, UNSUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE) \
/* RFC-5789 */ \
XX(24, PATCH, PATCH) \
XX(25, PURGE, PURGE) \
enum http_method
{
#define XX(num, name, string) HTTP_##name = num,
HTTP_METHOD_MAP(XX)
#undef XX
};
enum http_parser_type { HTTP_REQUEST, HTTP_RESPONSE, HTTP_BOTH };
/* Flag values for http_parser.flags field */
enum flags
{ F_CHUNKED = 1 << 0
, F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE = 1 << 1
, F_CONNECTION_CLOSE = 1 << 2
, F_TRAILING = 1 << 3
, F_UPGRADE = 1 << 4
, F_SKIPBODY = 1 << 5
};
/* Map for errno-related constants
*
* The provided argument should be a macro that takes 2 arguments.
*/
#define HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(XX) \
/* No error */ \
XX(OK, "success") \
\
/* Callback-related errors */ \
XX(CB_message_begin, "the on_message_begin callback failed") \
XX(CB_url, "the on_url callback failed") \
XX(CB_header_field, "the on_header_field callback failed") \
XX(CB_header_value, "the on_header_value callback failed") \
XX(CB_headers_complete, "the on_headers_complete callback failed") \
XX(CB_body, "the on_body callback failed") \
XX(CB_message_complete, "the on_message_complete callback failed") \
\
/* Parsing-related errors */ \
XX(INVALID_EOF_STATE, "stream ended at an unexpected time") \
XX(HEADER_OVERFLOW, \
"too many header bytes seen; overflow detected") \
XX(CLOSED_CONNECTION, \
"data received after completed connection: close message") \
XX(INVALID_VERSION, "invalid HTTP version") \
XX(INVALID_STATUS, "invalid HTTP status code") \
XX(INVALID_METHOD, "invalid HTTP method") \
XX(INVALID_URL, "invalid URL") \
XX(INVALID_HOST, "invalid host") \
XX(INVALID_PORT, "invalid port") \
XX(INVALID_PATH, "invalid path") \
XX(INVALID_QUERY_STRING, "invalid query string") \
XX(INVALID_FRAGMENT, "invalid fragment") \
XX(LF_EXPECTED, "LF character expected") \
XX(INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN, "invalid character in header") \
XX(INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH, \
"invalid character in content-length header") \
XX(INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE, \
"invalid character in chunk size header") \
XX(INVALID_CONSTANT, "invalid constant string") \
XX(INVALID_INTERNAL_STATE, "encountered unexpected internal state")\
XX(STRICT, "strict mode assertion failed") \
XX(PAUSED, "parser is paused") \
XX(UNKNOWN, "an unknown error occurred")
/* Define HPE_* values for each errno value above */
#define HTTP_ERRNO_GEN(n, s) HPE_##n,
enum http_errno {
HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(HTTP_ERRNO_GEN)
};
#undef HTTP_ERRNO_GEN
/* Get an http_errno value from an http_parser */
#define HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(p) ((enum http_errno) (p)->http_errno)
/* Get the line number that generated the current error */
#if HTTP_PARSER_DEBUG
#define HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO_LINE(p) ((p)->error_lineno)
#else
#define HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO_LINE(p) 0
#endif
struct http_parser {
/** PRIVATE **/
unsigned char type : 2; /* enum http_parser_type */
unsigned char flags : 6; /* F_* values from 'flags' enum; semi-public */
unsigned char state; /* enum state from http_parser.c */
unsigned char header_state; /* enum header_state from http_parser.c */
unsigned char index; /* index into current matcher */
uint32_t nread; /* # bytes read in various scenarios */
uint64_t content_length; /* # bytes in body (0 if no Content-Length header) */
/** READ-ONLY **/
unsigned short http_major;
unsigned short http_minor;
unsigned short status_code; /* responses only */
unsigned char method; /* requests only */
unsigned char http_errno : 7;
/* 1 = Upgrade header was present and the parser has exited because of that.
* 0 = No upgrade header present.
* Should be checked when http_parser_execute() returns in addition to
* error checking.
*/
unsigned char upgrade : 1;
#if HTTP_PARSER_DEBUG
uint32_t error_lineno;
#endif
/** PUBLIC **/
void *data; /* A pointer to get hook to the "connection" or "socket" object */
};
struct http_parser_settings {
http_cb on_message_begin;
http_data_cb on_url;
http_data_cb on_header_field;
http_data_cb on_header_value;
http_cb on_headers_complete;
http_data_cb on_body;
http_cb on_message_complete;
};
enum http_parser_url_fields
{ UF_SCHEMA = 0
, UF_HOST = 1
, UF_PORT = 2
, UF_PATH = 3
, UF_QUERY = 4
, UF_FRAGMENT = 5
, UF_MAX = 6
};
/* Result structure for http_parser_parse_url().
*
* Callers should index into field_data[] with UF_* values iff field_set
* has the relevant (1 << UF_*) bit set. As a courtesy to clients (and
* because we probably have padding left over), we convert any port to
* a uint16_t.
*/
struct http_parser_url {
uint16_t field_set; /* Bitmask of (1 << UF_*) values */
uint16_t port; /* Converted UF_PORT string */
struct {
uint16_t off; /* Offset into buffer in which field starts */
uint16_t len; /* Length of run in buffer */
} field_data[UF_MAX];
};
void http_parser_init(http_parser *parser, enum http_parser_type type);
size_t http_parser_execute(http_parser *parser,
const http_parser_settings *settings,
const char *data,
size_t len);
/* If http_should_keep_alive() in the on_headers_complete or
* on_message_complete callback returns true, then this will be should be
* the last message on the connection.
* If you are the server, respond with the "Connection: close" header.
* If you are the client, close the connection.
*/
int http_should_keep_alive(http_parser *parser);
/* Returns a string version of the HTTP method. */
const char *http_method_str(enum http_method m);
/* Return a string name of the given error */
const char *http_errno_name(enum http_errno err);
/* Return a string description of the given error */
const char *http_errno_description(enum http_errno err);
/* Parse a URL; return nonzero on failure */
int http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf, size_t buflen,
int is_connect,
struct http_parser_url *u);
/* Pause or un-pause the parser; a nonzero value pauses */
void http_parser_pause(http_parser *parser, int paused);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif

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