mirror of
https://github.com/moparisthebest/pacman
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The pacman --help pages and the manual suggested that only one package can be upgraded/removed per transaction. Signed-off-by: Nagy Gabor <ngaba@bibl.u-szeged.hu> Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dan@archlinux.org>
382 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
382 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
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vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet:
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pacman(8)
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=========
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Name
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----
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pacman - package manager utility
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Synopsis
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--------
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'pacman' <operation> [options] [packages]
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Description
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-----------
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Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
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system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
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hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
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automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.
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Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to linkman:libalpm[3], the
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``Arch Linux Package Management'' library. This library allows alternative
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front ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).
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Operations
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----------
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*-Q, \--query*::
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Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
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packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
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packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
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can be run against the local package database or can be used on
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individual '.tar.gz' packages. In the first case, if no package names
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are provided in the command line, all installed packages will be
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queried. Additionally, various filters can be applied on the package
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list. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.
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*-R, \--remove*::
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Remove package(s) from the system. Groups can also be specified to be
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removed, in which case every package in that group will be removed.
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Files belonging to the specified package will be deleted, and the
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database will be updated. Most configuration files will be saved
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with a `.pacsave` extension unless the '\--nosave' option is used.
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See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.
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*-S, \--sync*::
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Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
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servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
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example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
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packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repo, the
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repo can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install:
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`pacman -S testing/qt`. You can also specify version requirements:
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`pacman -S "bash>=3.2"`. (Quotes are needed, otherwise your shell
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interprets ">" as redirection to file.)
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+
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In addition to packages, groups can be specified as well. For example, if
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gnome is a defined package group, then `pacman -S gnome` will install every
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package in the gnome group, as well as the dependencies of those packages.
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+
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Packages which provide other packages are also handled. For example, `pacman -S
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foo` will first look for a foo package. If foo is not found, packages which
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provide the same functionality as foo will be searched for. If any package is
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found, it will be installed.
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+
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You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all packages that are out of date. See
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<<SO,Sync Options>> below. When upgrading, pacman performs version comparison
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to determine which packages need upgrading. This behavior operates as follows:
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Alphanumeric:
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1.0a < 1.0alpha < 1.0b < 1.0beta < 1.0p < 1.0pre < 1.0rc < 1.0
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Numeric:
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1 < 1.0 < 1.1 < 1.1.1 < 1.2 < 2.0 < 3.0.0
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*-U, \--upgrade*::
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Upgrade or add package(s) to the system. Either a URL or file path can be
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specified. This is a ``remove-then-add'' process. See <<HCF,Handling Config
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Files>> for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files.
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*-V, \--version*::
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Display version and exit.
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*-h, \--help*::
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Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
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then the general syntax is shown.
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Options
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-------
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*\--asdeps*::
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Install packages non-explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason
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to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
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build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
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the package.
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*\--asexplicit*::
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Install packages explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason to
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be explicitly installed. This is useful if you want to mark a dependency
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as explicitly installed so it will not be removed by the '\--recursive'
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remove operation.
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*-b, \--dbpath* <'path'>::
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Specify an alternative database location (a typical default is
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``/var/lib/pacman''). This should not be used unless you know what you are
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doing. *NOTE*: if specified, this is an absolute path and the root path is
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not automatically prepended.
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*-d, \--nodeps*::
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Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a
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package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
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installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.
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*-f, \--force*::
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Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
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package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
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installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
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This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
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*-r, \--root* <'path'>::
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Specify an alternative installation root (default is ``/''). This should
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not be used as a way to install software into ``/usr/local'' instead of
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``/usr''. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
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temporary mounted partition which is "owned" by another system.
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*NOTE*: if database path or logfile are not specified on either the
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command line or in linkman:pacman.conf[5], their default location will
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be inside this root path.
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*-v, \--verbose*::
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Output paths such as as the Root, Conf File, DB Path, Cache Dirs, etc.
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*\--debug*::
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Display debug messages. When reporting bugs, this option is recommended
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to be used.
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*\--cachedir* <'dir'>::
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Specify an alternative package cache location (a typical default is
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``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
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and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman. *NOTE*: this
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is an absolute path, the root path is not automatically prepended.
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*\--config* <'file'>::
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Specify an alternate configuration file.
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*\--logfile* <'file'>::
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Specify an alternate log file. This is an absolute path, regardless of
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the installation root setting.
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*\--noconfirm*::
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Bypass any and all ``Are you sure?'' messages. It's not a good idea to do
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this unless you want to run pacman from a script.
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*\--noprogressbar*::
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Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
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for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
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*\--noscriptlet*::
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If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
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unless you know what you are doing.
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Query Options[[QO]]
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-------------------
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*-c, \--changelog*::
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View the ChangeLog of a package. Not every package will provide one but
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it will be shown if available.
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*-d, \--deps*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages installed as dependencies. This
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option can be combined with '-t' for listing real orphans- packages that
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were installed as dependencies but are no longer required by any
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installed package. ('-Qdt' is equivalent to the pacman 3.0.X '-Qe'
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option.)
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*-e, \--explicit*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages explicitly installed. This option
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can be combined with '-t' to list top-level packages- those packages
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that were explicitly installed but are not required by any other
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package. ('-Qet' is equivalent to the pacman 2.9.X '-Qe' option.)
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*-g, \--groups*::
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Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not
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specified, list all grouped packages.
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*-i, \--info*::
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Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
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querying a package file instead of the local database. Passing two
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'\--info' or '-i' flags will also display the list of backup files and
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their modification states.
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*-l, \--list*::
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List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
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specified on the command line.
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*-m, \--foreign*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
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database(s). Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
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and installed with '\--upgrade'.
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*-o, \--owns* <'file'>::
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Search for the package that owns file. The path can be relative or
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absolute.
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*-p, \--file*::
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Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
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not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
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This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.
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*-q, \--quiet*::
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Show less information for certain query operations. (This is useful when
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pacman's output is processed in a script.) Search will only show package
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names and not version, group, and description information; owns will
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only show package names instead of "file is owned by pkg" messages; group
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will only show package names and omit group names; list will only show
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files and omit package names; a bare query will only show package names
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rather than names and versions.
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*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
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This will search each locally-installed package for names or
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descriptions that match `regexp`.
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*-t, \--unrequired*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
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installed package.
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*-u, \--upgrades*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages that are out of date on the local
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system. (Only package versions are used to find outdated packages,
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replacements are not checked here.) This option works best if the sync
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database is refreshed using '-Sy'.
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Remove Options[[RO]]
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--------------------
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*-c, \--cascade*::
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Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
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or more target packages. This operation is recursive, and must be used
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with care since it can remove many potentially needed packages.
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*-k, \--keep*::
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Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.
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*-n, \--nosave*::
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Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
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file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
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file should be renamed with a ``.pacsave'' extension.
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*-s, \--recursive*::
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Remove each target specified including all of their dependencies, provided
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that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
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explicitly installed by the user. This operation is recursive and analogous
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to a backwards '\--sync' operation, and helps keep a clean system without
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orphans. If you want to omit condition (B), pass this option twice.
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*-u, \--unneeded*::
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Removes the targets that are not required by any other packages.
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This is mostly useful when removing a group without using the '-c' option,
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to avoid breaking any dependencies.
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Sync Options[[SO]]
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------------------
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*-c, \--clean*::
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Remove packages that are no longer installed from the cache as well as
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currently unused sync databases to free up disk space. When pacman
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downloads packages, it saves them in a cache directory. In addition,
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databases are saved for every sync DB you download from, and are not
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deleted even if they are removed from the configuration file
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linkman:pacman.conf[5]. Use one '\--clean' switch to only remove
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packages that are no longer installed; use two to remove all packages
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from the cache. In both cases, you will have a yes or no option to
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remove packages and/or unused downloaded databases.
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If you use a network shared cache, see the 'CleanMethod' option in
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linkman:pacman.conf[5].
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*-g, \--groups*::
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Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
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names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
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view all groups and their members.
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*-i, \--info*::
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Display dependency and other information for a given package. This will
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search through all repositories for a matching package.
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*-l, \--list*::
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List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
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can be specified on the command line.
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*-p, \--print-uris*::
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Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
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dependencies yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and
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downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
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*-q, \--quiet*::
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Show less information for certain sync operations. (This is useful when
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pacman's output is processed in a script.) Search will only show package
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names and not repo, version, group, and description information; list
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will only show package names and omit databases and versions; group will
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only show package names and omit group names.
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*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
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This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
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descriptions that match `regexp`.
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*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
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Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
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package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
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report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and the operation
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will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
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automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
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necessary.
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*-w, \--downloadonly*::
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Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade
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anything.
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*-y, \--refresh*::
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Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
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defined in linkman:pacman.conf[5]. This should typically be used each time
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you use '\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags
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will force a refresh of all package lists even if they are thought to be up
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to date.
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*\--needed*::
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Don't reinstall the targets that are already up-to-date.
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*\--ignore* <'package'>::
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Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
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available. Multiple packages can be specified by separating them
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with a comma.
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*\--ignoregroup* <'group'>::
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Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of all packages in 'group' even if
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there is one available. Multiple groups can be specified by
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separating them with a comma.
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Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
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----------------------------
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Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
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designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
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backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
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installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
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actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
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follow scenarios can result:
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original=X, current=X, new=X::
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All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
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new file.
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original=X, current=X, new=Y::
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The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
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Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
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improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
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original=X, current=Y, new=X::
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Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
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filesystem has been modified. Leave the current file in place.
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original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
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The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
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original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
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All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
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extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
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necessary changes into the original file.
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Configuration
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-------------
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See linkman:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
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'pacman.conf' file.
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See Also
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--------
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linkman:pacman.conf[5], linkman:makepkg[8], linkman:libalpm[3]
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include::footer.txt[]
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