mirror of
https://github.com/moparisthebest/pacman
synced 2024-11-10 19:45:01 -05:00
30d978a966
We had this interesting set of facts conundrum, according to vercmp
return values:
2.0a < 2.0
2.0 < 2.0.a
2.0a == 2.0.a
This introduces a code change that ensures '2.0a < 2.0.a' as would be
expected by the first two comparisons. Unfortunately this stays us a bit
further from upstream RPM code, but those are the breaks (in RPM, the
versions involving 'a' do in fact compare the same, but they are both
greater than the bare '2.0').
Signed-off-by: Dan McGee <dan@archlinux.org>
483 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
483 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
/////
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vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet spell spelllang=en_us:
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/////
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pacman(8)
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=========
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Name
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----
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pacman - package manager utility
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Synopsis
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--------
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'pacman' <operation> [options] [targets]
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Description
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-----------
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Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
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system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
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hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
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automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.
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Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to linkman:libalpm[3], the
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``Arch Linux Package Management'' library. This library allows alternative
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front ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).
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Invoking pacman involves specifying an operation with any potential options and
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targets to operate on. A 'target' is usually a package name, filename, URL, or
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a search string. Targets can be provided as command line arguments.
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Additionally, if a single dash (-) is passed as an argument, targets will be
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read from stdin.
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Operations
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----------
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*-D, \--database*::
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Modify the package database. This operation allows you to modify certain
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attributes of the installed packages in pacman's database. At the
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moment, you can only change the install reason using '\--asdeps' and
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'\--asexplicit' options.
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*-Q, \--query*::
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Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
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packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
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packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
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can be run against the local package database or can be used on
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individual '.tar.gz' packages. In the first case, if no package names
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are provided in the command line, all installed packages will be
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queried. Additionally, various filters can be applied on the package
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list. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.
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*-R, \--remove*::
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Remove package(s) from the system. Groups can also be specified to be
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removed, in which case every package in that group will be removed.
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Files belonging to the specified package will be deleted, and the
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database will be updated. Most configuration files will be saved
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with a '.pacsave' extension unless the '\--nosave' option is used.
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See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.
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*-S, \--sync*::
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Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
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servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
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example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
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packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repo, the
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repo can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install:
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`pacman -S testing/qt`. You can also specify version requirements:
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`pacman -S "bash>=3.2"`. (Quotes are needed, otherwise your shell
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interprets ">" as redirection to file.)
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+
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In addition to packages, groups can be specified as well. For example, if
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gnome is a defined package group, then `pacman -S gnome` will provide a
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prompt allowing you to select which packages to install from a numbered list.
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The package selection is specified using a space separated list of package
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numbers. Sequential packages may be selected by specifying the first and last
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package numbers separated by a hyphen (`-`). Excluding packages is achieved by
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prefixing a number or range of numbers with a caret (`^`).
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+
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Packages that provide other packages are also handled. For example, `pacman -S
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foo` will first look for a foo package. If foo is not found, packages that
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provide the same functionality as foo will be searched for. If any package is
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found, it will be installed. A selection prompt is provided if multiple packages
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providing foo are found.
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+
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You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all packages that are out of date. See
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<<SO,Sync Options>> below. When upgrading, pacman performs version comparison
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to determine which packages need upgrading. This behavior operates as follows:
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Alphanumeric:
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1.0a < 1.0b < 1.0beta < 1.0p < 1.0pre < 1.0rc < 1.0 < 1.0.a < 1.0.1
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Numeric:
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1 < 1.0 < 1.1 < 1.1.1 < 1.2 < 2.0 < 3.0.0
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+
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Additionally, version strings can have an 'epoch' value defined that will
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overrule any version comparison (unless the epoch values are equal). This is
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specified in an `epoch:version-rel` format. For example, `2:1.0-1` is always
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greater than `1:3.6-1`.
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*-T, \--deptest*::
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Check dependencies; this is useful in scripts such as makepkg to check
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installed packages. This operation will check each dependency specified and
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return a list of dependencies that are not currently satisfied on the system.
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This operation accepts no other options. Example usage: `pacman -T qt
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"bash>=3.2"`.
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*-U, \--upgrade*::
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Upgrade or add package(s) to the system and install the required
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dependencies from sync repos. Either a URL or file path can be
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specified. This is a ``remove-then-add'' process. See <<UO,Upgrade
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Options>> below; also see <<HCF,Handling Config Files>> for an explanation
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on how pacman takes care of config files.
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*-V, \--version*::
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Display version and exit.
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*-h, \--help*::
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Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
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then the general syntax is shown.
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Options
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-------
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*-b, \--dbpath* <path>::
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Specify an alternative database location (a typical default is
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+{localstatedir}/lib/pacman+). This should not be used unless you know what you are
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doing. *NOTE*: if specified, this is an absolute path and the root path is
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not automatically prepended.
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*-r, \--root* <path>::
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Specify an alternative installation root (default is `/`). This should
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not be used as a way to install software into `/usr/local` instead of
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`/usr`. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
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temporary mounted partition that is "owned" by another system.
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*NOTE*: if database path or logfile are not specified on either the
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command line or in linkman:pacman.conf[5], their default location will
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be inside this root path.
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*-v, \--verbose*::
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Output paths such as as the Root, Conf File, DB Path, Cache Dirs, etc.
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*\--arch* <arch>::
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Specify an alternate architecture.
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*\--cachedir* <dir>::
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Specify an alternative package cache location (a typical default is
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+{localstatedir}/cache/pacman/pkg+). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
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and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman. *NOTE*: this
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is an absolute path, the root path is not automatically prepended.
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*\--config* <file>::
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Specify an alternate configuration file.
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*\--debug*::
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Display debug messages. When reporting bugs, this option is recommended
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to be used.
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*\--gpgdir* <dir>::
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Specify a directory of files used by GnuPG to verify package signatures (a
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typical default is +{sysconfdir}/pacman.d/gnupg+). This directory should contain
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two files: `pubring.gpg` and `trustdb.gpg`. `pubring.gpg` holds the public keys
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of all packagers. `trustdb.gpg` contains a so-called trust database, which
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specifies that the keys are authentic and trusted. *NOTE*: this is an absolute
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path, the root path is not automatically prepended.
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*\--logfile* <file>::
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Specify an alternate log file. This is an absolute path, regardless of
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the installation root setting.
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*\--noconfirm*::
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Bypass any and all ``Are you sure?'' messages. It's not a good idea to do
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this unless you want to run pacman from a script.
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Transaction Options (apply to '-S', '-R' and '-U')
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--------------------------------------------------
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*-d, \--nodeps*::
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Skips dependency version checks. Package names are still checked. Normally,
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pacman will always check a package's dependency fields to ensure that all
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dependencies are installed and there are no package conflicts in the
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system. Specify this option twice to skip all dependency checks.
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*\--dbonly*::
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Adds/Removes the database entry only, leaves all files in place.
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*\--noprogressbar*::
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Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
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for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
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*\--noscriptlet*::
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If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
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unless you know what you are doing.
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*-p, \--print*::
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Only print the targets instead of performing the actual operation (sync,
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remove or upgrade). Use '\--print-format' to specify how targets are
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displayed. The default format string is "%l", which displays URLs with
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'-S', filenames with '-U' and pkgname-pkgver with '-R'.
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*\--print-format* <format>::
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Specify a printf-like format to control the output of the '\--print'
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operation. The possible attributes are: %n for pkgname, %v for pkgver,
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%l for location, %r for repo and %s for size.
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Upgrade Options (apply to '-S' and '-U')[[UO]]
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--------------------------------------------
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*-f, \--force*::
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Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
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package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
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installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
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This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
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*\--asdeps*::
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Install packages non-explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason
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to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
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build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
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the package.
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*\--asexplicit*::
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Install packages explicitly; in other words, fake their install reason to
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be explicitly installed. This is useful if you want to mark a dependency
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as explicitly installed so it will not be removed by the '\--recursive'
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remove operation.
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*\--ignore* <package>::
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Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
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available. Multiple packages can be specified by separating them
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with a comma.
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*\--ignoregroup* <group>::
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Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of all packages in 'group' even if
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there is one available. Multiple groups can be specified by
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separating them with a comma.
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*\--needed*::
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Do not reinstall the targets that are already up to date.
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*\--recursive*::
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Recursively reinstall all dependencies of the targets. This forces upgrades
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or reinstalls of all dependencies without requiring explicit version
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requirements. This is most useful in combination with the '\--needed' flag,
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which will induce a deep dependency upgrade without any unnecessary
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reinstalls.
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Query Options[[QO]]
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-------------------
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*-c, \--changelog*::
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View the ChangeLog of a package if it exists.
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*-d, \--deps*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages installed as dependencies. This
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option can be combined with '-t' for listing real orphans - packages that
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were installed as dependencies but are no longer required by any
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installed package.
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*-e, \--explicit*::
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Restrict or filter output to explicitly installed packages. This option
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can be combined with '-t' to list explicitly installed packages that
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are not required by any other package.
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*-g, \--groups*::
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Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not
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specified, list all grouped packages.
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*-i, \--info*::
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Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
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querying a package file instead of the local database. Passing two
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'\--info' or '-i' flags will also display the list of backup files and
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their modification states.
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*-k \--check*::
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Check that all files owned by the given package(s) are present on the
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system. If packages are not specified or filter flags are not provided,
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check all installed packages.
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*-l, \--list*::
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List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
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specified on the command line.
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*-m, \--foreign*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
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database(s). Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
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and installed with '\--upgrade'.
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*-o, \--owns* <file>::
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Search for packages that own the specified file(s). The path can be
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relative or absolute and one or more files can be specified.
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*-p, \--file*::
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Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
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not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
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This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.
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*-q, \--quiet*::
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Show less information for certain query operations. (This is useful when
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pacman's output is processed in a script.) Search will only show package
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names and not version, group, and description information; owns will
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only show package names instead of "file is owned by pkg" messages; group
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will only show package names and omit group names; list will only show
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files and omit package names; check will only show pairs of package names
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and missing files; a bare query will only show package names
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rather than names and versions.
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*-s, \--search* <regexp>::
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Search each locally-installed package for names or descriptions that
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match `regexp`. When including multiple search terms, only packages
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with descriptions matching ALL of those terms are returned.
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*-t, \--unrequired*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
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installed package.
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*-u, \--upgrades*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages that are out of date on the local
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system. (Only package versions are used to find outdated packages,
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replacements are not checked here.) This option works best if the sync
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database is refreshed using '-Sy'.
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Remove Options[[RO]]
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--------------------
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*-c, \--cascade*::
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Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
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or more target packages. This operation is recursive, and must be used
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with care since it can remove many potentially needed packages.
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*-n, \--nosave*::
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Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
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file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
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file should be renamed with a '.pacsave' extension.
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*-s, \--recursive*::
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Remove each target specified including all of their dependencies, provided
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that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
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explicitly installed by the user. This operation is recursive and analogous
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to a backwards '\--sync' operation, and helps keep a clean system without
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orphans. If you want to omit condition (B), pass this option twice.
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*-u, \--unneeded*::
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Removes targets that are not required by any other packages.
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This is mostly useful when removing a group without using the '-c' option,
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to avoid breaking any dependencies.
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Sync Options[[SO]]
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------------------
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*-c, \--clean*::
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Remove packages that are no longer installed from the cache as well as
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currently unused sync databases to free up disk space. When pacman
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downloads packages, it saves them in a cache directory. In addition,
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databases are saved for every sync DB you download from, and are not
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deleted even if they are removed from the configuration file
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linkman:pacman.conf[5]. Use one '\--clean' switch to only remove
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packages that are no longer installed; use two to remove all packages
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from the cache. In both cases, you will have a yes or no option to
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remove packages and/or unused downloaded databases.
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+
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If you use a network shared cache, see the 'CleanMethod' option in
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linkman:pacman.conf[5].
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*-g, \--groups*::
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Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
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names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
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view all groups and their members.
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*-i, \--info*::
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Display information on a given sync database package. Passing two '\--info'
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or '-i' flags will also display those packages in all repositories that
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depend on this package.
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*-l, \--list*::
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List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
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can be specified on the command line.
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*-q, \--quiet*::
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Show less information for certain sync operations. (This is useful when
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pacman's output is processed in a script.) Search will only show package
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names and not repo, version, group, and description information; list
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will only show package names and omit databases and versions; group will
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only show package names and omit group names.
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*-s, \--search* <regexp>::
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This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
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descriptions that match `regexp`. When you include multiple search
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terms, only packages with descriptions matching ALL of those terms will
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be returned.
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*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
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Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
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package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
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report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and the operation
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will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
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automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
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necessary.
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+
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Pass this option twice to enable package downgrade; in this case pacman will
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select sync packages whose version does not match with the local version. This
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can be useful when the user switches from a testing repo to a stable one.
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+
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Additional targets can also be specified manually, so that '-Su foo' will do a
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system upgrade and install/upgrade the foo package in the same operation.
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*-w, \--downloadonly*::
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Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything.
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*-y, \--refresh*::
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Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
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defined in linkman:pacman.conf[5]. This should typically be used each time
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you use '\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags
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will force a refresh of all package lists even if they appear to be up
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to date.
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*\--needed*::
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Do not reinstall the targets that are already up to date.
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*\--recursive*::
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Recursively reinstall all dependencies of the targets. This forces upgrades
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or reinstalls of all dependencies without requiring explicit version
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requirements. This is most useful in combination with the '\--needed' flag,
|
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which will induce a deep dependency upgrade without any unnecessary
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reinstalls.
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|
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Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
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----------------------------
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Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
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designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
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backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
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installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
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actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
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follow scenarios can result:
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original=X, current=X, new=X::
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All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue. Install the
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new file.
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original=X, current=X, new=Y::
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The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
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Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
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improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
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original=X, current=Y, new=X::
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Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
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filesystem has been modified. Leave the current file in place.
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original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
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The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
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original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
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All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
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extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
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necessary changes into the original file.
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Examples
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--------
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pacman -Ss ne.hack::
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Search for regexp "ne.hack" in package database.
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pacman -S gpm::
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Download and install gpm including dependencies.
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pacman -U /home/user/ceofhack-0.6-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.gz::
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Install ceofhack-0.6-1 package from a local file.
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pacman -Syu::
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Update package list and upgrade all packages afterwards.
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pacman -Syu gpm::
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|
Update package list, upgrade all packages, and then install gpm if it
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|
wasn't already installed.
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|
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Configuration
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|
-------------
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|
See linkman:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
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|
'pacman.conf' file.
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|
|
|
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See Also
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|
--------
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|
linkman:pacman.conf[5], linkman:makepkg[8], linkman:libalpm[3]
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|
|
|
include::footer.txt[]
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