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319 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
319 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
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vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet:
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pacman(8)
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=========
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Name
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----
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pacman - package manager utility
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Synopsis
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--------
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'pacman' <operation> [options] [packages]
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Description
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-----------
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Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
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system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
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hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
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automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.
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Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to linkman:libalpm[3], the
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"Arch Linux Package Management" library. This library allows alternative front
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ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).
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Operations
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----------
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*-A, \--add* (deprecated)::
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Add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be specified.
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The package will be uncompressed into the installation root and the
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database will be updated. The package will not be installed if another
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version is already installed. *NOTE*: please use '\--upgrade' in place of
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this option.
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*-Q, \--query*::
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Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
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packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
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packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
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can be run against the local package database or can be used on
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individual '.tar.gz' packages. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.
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*-R, \--remove*::
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Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the specified
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package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most
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configuration files will be saved with a `.pacsave` extension unless the
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'\--nosave' option is used. See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.
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*-S, \--sync*::
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Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
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servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
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example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
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packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repo, the
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repo can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install:
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`pacman -S testing/qt`. You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all
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packages that are out of date. See <<SO,Sync Options>> below.
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*-U, \--upgrade*::
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Upgrade or add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be
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specified. This is a "remove-then-add" process. See <<HCF,Handling Config
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Files>> for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files.
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*-V, \--version*::
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Display version and exit.
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*-h, \--help*::
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Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
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then the general syntax is shown.
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Options
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-------
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*\--asdeps*::
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Install packages non-explicitly; in other works, fake their install reason
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to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
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build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
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the package.
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*-b, \--dbpath* <'path'>::
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Specify an alternative database location (default is ``/var/lib/pacman'').
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This should not be used unless you know what you are doing.
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*-d, \--nodeps*::
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Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a
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package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
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installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.
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*-f, \--force*::
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Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
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package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
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installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
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This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
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*-r, \--root* <'path'>::
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Specify an alternative installation root (default is ``/''). This should
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not be used as a way to install software into ``/usr/local'' instead of
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``/usr''. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
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temporary mounted partition which is "owned" by another system.
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*-v, --verbose*::
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Output more status messages, such as the Root, DBPath, CacheDir, etc.
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*\--cachedir* <'dir'>::
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Specify an alternative package cache location (default is
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``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
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and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman.
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*\--config* <'file'>::
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Specify an alternate configuration file.
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*\--noconfirm*::
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Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do
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this unless you want to run pacman from a script.
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*\--noprogressbar*::
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Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
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for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
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*\--noscriptlet*::
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If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
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unless you know what you are doing.
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Query Options[[QO]]
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-------------------
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*-c, \--changelog*::
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View the ChangeLog of a package. Not every package will provide one but
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it will be shown if available.
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*-d, \--deps*::
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List all packages installed as dependencies. This option can be combined
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with '-t' for listing real orphans- packages that were installed as
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dependencies but are no longer required by any installed package. ('-Qdt'
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is equivalent to the pacman 3.0.X '-Qe' option.)
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*-e, \--explicit*::
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List all packages explicitly installed. This option can be combined with
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'-t' to list top-level packages- those packages that were explicitly
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installed but are not required by any other package. ('-Qet' is equivalent
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to the pacman 2.9.X '-Qe' option.)
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*-g, \--groups*::
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Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not
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specified, list all grouped packages.
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*-i, \--info*::
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Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
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querying a package file instead of the local database. Passing two
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'\--info' or '-i' flags will also display the list of backup files and
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their modification states.
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*-l, \--list*::
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List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
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specified on the command line.
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*-m, \--foreign*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
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database(s). Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
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and installed with '\--upgrade'.
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*-o, \--owns* <'file'>::
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Search for the package that owns file. The path can be relative or
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absolute.
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*-p, \--file*::
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Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
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not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
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This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.
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*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
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This will search each locally-installed package for names or
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descriptions that match `regexp`.
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*-t, \--orphans*::
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Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
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installed package.
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*-u, \--upgrades*::
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Lists all packages that are out of date on the local system. This option
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works best if the sync database is refreshed using '-Sy'.
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Remove Options[[RO]]
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--------------------
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*-c, \--cascade*::
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Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
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or more target packages. This operation is recursive.
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*-k, \--keep*::
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Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.
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*-n, \--nosave*::
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Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
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file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
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file should be renamed with a ``.pacsave'' extension.
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*-s, \--recursive*::
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Remove each target specified including all dependencies, provided that
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(A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
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explicitly installed by the user. This option is analogous to a
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backwards '\--sync' operation.
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Sync Options[[SO]]
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------------------
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*-c, \--clean*::
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Remove old packages from the cache as well as unused sync databases to
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free up disk space. When pacman downloads packages, it saves them in a
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cache directory. In addition, databases are saved for every sync DB you
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download from, and are not deleted even if they are removed from the
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configuration file linkman:pacman.conf[5]. Use one '\--clean' switch to
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only remove old packages; use two to remove all packages from the cache.
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In both cases, you will have a yes or no option to remove packages and/or
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unused downloaded databases.
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*-e, \--dependsonly*::
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Install all dependencies of a package, but not the specified package
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itself. This is pretty useless and we're not sure why it even exists.
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*-g, \--groups*::
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Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
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names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
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view all groups and their members.
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*-i, \--info*::
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Display dependency and other information for a given package. This will
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search through all repositories for a matching package.
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*-l, \--list*::
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List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
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can be specified on the command line.
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*-p, \--print-uris*::
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Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
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dependencies yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and
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downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
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*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
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This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
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descriptions that match `regexp`.
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*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
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Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
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package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
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report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and the operation
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will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
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automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
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necessary.
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*-w, \--downloadonly*::
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Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade
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anything.
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*-y, \--refresh*::
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Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
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defined in linkman:pacman.conf[5]. This should typically be used each time
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you use '\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags
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will force a refresh of all package lists even if they are thought to be up
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to date.
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*\--needed*::
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Only install the targets that are not already installed and up-to-date.
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*\--ignore* <'package'>::
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Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
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available. Multiple packages can be specified by separating them
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with a comma.
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*\--ignoregroup* <'group'>::
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Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of all packages in 'group' even if
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there is one available. Multiple groups can be specified by
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separating them with a comma.
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Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
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----------------------------
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Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
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designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
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backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
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installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
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actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
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follow scenarios can result:
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original=X, current=X, new=X::
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All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
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new file.
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original=X, current=X, new=Y::
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The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
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Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
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improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
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original=X, current=Y, new=X::
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Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
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filesystem has been modified. Leave the current file in place.
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original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
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The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
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original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
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All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
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extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
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necessary changes into the original file.
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Configuration
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-------------
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See linkman:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
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'pacman.conf' file.
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See Also
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--------
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linkman:pacman.conf[5], linkman:makepkg[8], linkman:libalpm[3]
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include::footer.txt[]
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