curl/lib

Implementation of the curl_multi_socket API

  The main ideas of the new API are simply:

   1 - The application can use whatever event system it likes as it gets info
       from libcurl about what file descriptors libcurl waits for what action
       on. (The previous API returns fd_sets which is very select()-centric).

   2 - When the application discovers action on a single socket, it calls
       libcurl and informs that there was action on this particular socket and
       libcurl can then act on that socket/transfer only and not care about
       any other transfers. (The previous API always had to scan through all
       the existing transfers.)

  The idea is that curl_multi_socket_action() calls a given callback with
  information about what socket to wait for what action on, and the callback
  only gets called if the status of that socket has changed.

  We also added a timer callback that makes libcurl call the application when
  the timeout value changes, and you set that with curl_multi_setopt() and the
  CURLMOPT_TIMERFUNCTION option. To get this to work, Internally, there's an
  added a struct to each easy handle in which we store an "expire time" (if
  any). The structs are then "splay sorted" so that we can add and remove
  times from the linked list and yet somewhat swiftly figure out both how long
  time there is until the next nearest timer expires and which timer (handle)
  we should take care of now. Of course, the upside of all this is that we get
  a curl_multi_timeout() that should also work with old-style applications
  that use curl_multi_perform().

  We created an internal "socket to easy handles" hash table that given
  a socket (file descriptor) return the easy handle that waits for action on
  that socket.  This hash is made using the already existing hash code
  (previously only used for the DNS cache).

  To make libcurl able to report plain sockets in the socket callback, we had
  to re-organize the internals of the curl_multi_fdset() etc so that the
  conversion from sockets to fd_sets for that function is only done in the
  last step before the data is returned. I also had to extend c-ares to get a
  function that can return plain sockets, as that library too returned only
  fd_sets and that is no longer good enough. The changes done to c-ares are
  available in c-ares 1.3.1 and later.

  We have done a test runs with up to 9000 connections (with a single active
  one). The curl_multi_socket_action() invoke then takes less than 10
  microseconds in average (using the read-only-1-byte-at-a-time hack).  We are
  now below the 60 microseconds "per socket action" goal (the extra 50 is the
  time libevent needs).

Documentation

    http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_multi_socket_action.html
    http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_multi_timeout.html
    http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_multi_setopt.html