A bundle is a list of all persistent connections to the same host.
The connection cache consists of a hash of bundles, with the
hostname as the key.
The benefits may not be obvious, but they are two:
1) Faster search for connections to reuse, since the hash
lookup only finds connections to the host in question.
2) It lays out the groundworks for an upcoming patch,
which will introduce multiple HTTP pipelines.
This patch also removes the awkward list of "closure handles",
which were needed to send QUIT commands to the FTP server
when closing a connection.
Now we allocate a separate closure handle and use that
one to close all connections.
This has been tested in a live system for a few weeks, and of
course passes the test suite.
HTTP Pipelining with libcurl
============================
Background
Since pipelining implies that one or more requests are sent to a server before
the previous response(s) have been received, we only support it for multi
interface use.
Considerations
When using the multi interface, you create one easy handle for each transfer.
Bascially any number of handles can be created, added and used with the multi
interface - simultaneously. It is an interface designed to allow many
simultaneous transfers while still using a single thread. Pipelining does not
change any of these details.
API
We've added a new option to curl_multi_setopt() called CURLMOPT_PIPELINING
that enables "attempted pipelining" and then all easy handles used on that
handle will attempt to use an existing pipeline.
Details
- A pipeline is only created if a previous connection exists to the same IP
address that the new request is being made to use.
- Pipelines are only supported for HTTP(S) as no other currently supported
protocol has features resemembling this, but we still name this feature
plain 'pipelining' to possibly one day support it for other protocols as
well.
- HTTP Pipelining is for GET and HEAD requests only.
- When a pipeline is in use, we must take precautions so that when used easy
handles (i.e those who still wait for a response) are removed from the multi
handle, we must deal with the outstanding response nicely.
- Explicitly asking for pipelining handle X and handle Y won't be supported.
It isn't easy for an app to do this association. The lib should probably
still resolve the second one properly to make sure that they actually _can_
be considered for pipelining. Also, asking for explicit pipelining on handle
X may be tricky when handle X get a closed connection.
- We need options to control max pipeline length, and probably how to behave
if we reach that limit. As was discussed on the list, it can probably be
made very complicated, so perhaps we can think of a way to pass all
variables involved to a callback and let the application decide how to act
in specific situations. Either way, these fancy options are only interesting
to work on when everything is working and we have working apps to test with.
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