problem with it (SIGSEGV-style). It clearly showed that the existing
socket-state and state-difference function wasn't good enough so I rewrote
it and could then re-run Jeff's program without any crash. The previous
version clearly could miss to tell the application when a handle changed
from using one socket to using another.
While I was at it (as I could use this as a means to track this problem
down), I've now added a 'magic' number to the easy handle struct that is
inited at curl_easy_init() time and cleared at curl_easy_cleanup() time that
we can use internally to detect that an easy handle seems to be fine, or at
least not closed or freed (freeing in debug builds fill the area with 0x13
bytes but in normal builds we can of course not assume any particular data
in the freed areas).
Doing HTTP Pipelining with libcurl
==================================
Background
Since pipelining implies that one or more requests are sent to a server before
the previous response(s) have been received, it cannot be implemented easily
into libcurl's easy interface due to its synchronous nature. We therefore only
aim on adding it for multi interface use.
Considerations
When using the multi interface, you create one easy handle for each transfer.
Bascially any number of handles can be created, added and used with the multi
interface - simultaneously. It is an interface designed to allow many
simultaneous transfers while still using a single thread.
Pipelining however, will force us to allow apps to somehow "connect" two (or
more) easy handles that are added to a multi handle. The first one sends a
request and receives a response, just as normal, while the second (and
subsequent) ones need to be attached to the first handle so that it can send
its request on the same connection and then sit and wait until its response
comes.
API
We add a new option to curl_multi_setopt() called CURLMOPT_PIPELINING that
enables "attempted pipelining" and then all easy handles used on that handle
will attempt to use an existing pipeline.
Decisions Already Made
- A pipeline is only created if a previous connection exists to the same IP
address that the new request is being made to use.
- Pipelines are only supported for HTTP(S) as no other currently supported
protocol has features resemembling this, but we still name this feature
plain 'pipelining' to possibly one day support it for other protocols as
well.
- HTTP Pipelining is for GET and HEAD requests only.
- When a pipeline is in use, we must take precautions so that when used easy
handles (i.e those who still wait for a response) are removed from the multi
handle, we must deal with the outstanding response nicely.
- Explicitly asking for pipelining handle X and handle Y won't be supported.
It isn't easy for an app to do this association. The lib should probably
still resolve the second one properly to make sure that they actually _can_
be considered for pipelining. Also, asking for explicit pipelining on handle
X may be tricky when handle X get a closed connection.
To Ponder About
- We need options to control max pipeline length, and probably how to behave
if we reach that limit. As was discussed on the list, it can probably be
made very complicated, so perhaps we can think of a way to pass all
variables involved to a callback and let the application decide how to act
in specific situations. Either way, these fancy options are only interesting
to work on when everything is working and we have working apps to test with.
- Currently (before pipelining) we do not have any code or concept that lets
multiple handles share the same physical connection. We need to carefully
make sure that each easy handle knows exactly what they can do and when, on
the shared connection.
- We need to keep a linked list of each handle that is part of a single pipe
so that if it breaks, we know which handles that need to resend their
requests. The pipe linked-lists could very well be "held" in the multi
handle struct so that they won't "belong" to a particular easy handle that
happens to be part of the pipeline during a certain period.
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