mirror of
https://github.com/moparisthebest/curl
synced 2024-11-13 21:15:08 -05:00
92c40ce190
Documented that --include will be ignored if both --metalink and --include are specified. Also documented that a Metalink file in the local file system cannot be used if FILE protocol is disabled.
1947 lines
84 KiB
Groff
1947 lines
84 KiB
Groff
.\" **************************************************************************
|
|
.\" * _ _ ____ _
|
|
.\" * Project ___| | | | _ \| |
|
|
.\" * / __| | | | |_) | |
|
|
.\" * | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
|
|
.\" * \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
|
|
.\" *
|
|
.\" * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2012, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
|
|
.\" *
|
|
.\" * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
|
|
.\" * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
|
|
.\" * are also available at http://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
|
|
.\" *
|
|
.\" * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
|
|
.\" * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
|
|
.\" * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
|
|
.\" *
|
|
.\" * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
|
|
.\" * KIND, either express or implied.
|
|
.\" *
|
|
.\" **************************************************************************
|
|
.\"
|
|
.TH curl 1 "16 February 2012" "Curl 7.25.0" "Curl Manual"
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
curl \- transfer a URL
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.B curl [options]
|
|
.I [URL...]
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.B curl
|
|
is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported
|
|
protocols (DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP,
|
|
LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP). The
|
|
command is designed to work without user interaction.
|
|
|
|
curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user
|
|
authentication, FTP upload, HTTP post, SSL connections, cookies, file transfer
|
|
resume, Metalink, and more. As you will see below, the number of features will
|
|
make your head spin!
|
|
|
|
curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See
|
|
.BR libcurl (3)
|
|
for details.
|
|
.SH URL
|
|
The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You'll find a detailed description in
|
|
RFC 3986.
|
|
|
|
You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets within
|
|
braces as in:
|
|
|
|
http://site.{one,two,three}.com
|
|
|
|
or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:
|
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[1-100].txt
|
|
ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[001-100].txt (with leading zeros)
|
|
ftp://ftp.letters.com/file[a-z].txt
|
|
|
|
Nested sequences are not supported, but you can use several ones next to each
|
|
other:
|
|
|
|
http://any.org/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html
|
|
|
|
You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They will be fetched
|
|
in a sequential manner in the specified order.
|
|
|
|
You can specify a step counter for the ranges to get every Nth number or
|
|
letter:
|
|
|
|
http://www.numericals.com/file[1-100:10].txt
|
|
http://www.letters.com/file[a-z:2].txt
|
|
|
|
If you specify URL without protocol:// prefix, curl will attempt to guess what
|
|
protocol you might want. It will then default to HTTP but try other protocols
|
|
based on often-used host name prefixes. For example, for host names starting
|
|
with "ftp." curl will assume you want to speak FTP.
|
|
|
|
curl will do its best to use what you pass to it as a URL. It is not trying to
|
|
validate it as a syntactically correct URL by any means but is instead
|
|
\fBvery\fP liberal with what it accepts.
|
|
|
|
Curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so that
|
|
getting many files from the same server will not do multiple connects /
|
|
handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on files
|
|
specified on a single command line and cannot be used between separate curl
|
|
invokes.
|
|
.SH "PROGRESS METER"
|
|
curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating the amount
|
|
of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time left, etc.
|
|
|
|
curl displays this data to the terminal by default, so if you invoke curl to
|
|
do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal, it
|
|
\fIdisables\fP the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output
|
|
mixing progress meter and response data.
|
|
|
|
If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to
|
|
redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>), -o [file] or
|
|
similar.
|
|
|
|
It is not the same case for FTP upload as that operation does not spit out
|
|
any response data to the terminal.
|
|
|
|
If you prefer a progress "bar" instead of the regular meter, \fI-#\fP is your
|
|
friend.
|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again
|
|
disabled with --\fBno-\fPoption. That is, you use the exact same option name
|
|
but prefix it with "no-". However, in this list we mostly only list and show
|
|
the --option version of them. (This concept with --no options was added in
|
|
7.19.0. Previously most options were toggled on/off on repeated use of the
|
|
same command line option.)
|
|
.IP "-#, --progress-bar"
|
|
Make curl display progress as a simple progress bar instead of the standard,
|
|
more informational, meter.
|
|
.IP "-0, --http1.0"
|
|
(HTTP) Forces curl to issue its requests using HTTP 1.0 instead of using its
|
|
internally preferred: HTTP 1.1.
|
|
.IP "-1, --tlsv1"
|
|
(SSL)
|
|
Forces curl to use TLS version 1 when negotiating with a remote TLS server.
|
|
.IP "-2, --sslv2"
|
|
(SSL)
|
|
Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when negotiating with a remote SSL server.
|
|
.IP "-3, --sslv3"
|
|
(SSL)
|
|
Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when negotiating with a remote SSL server.
|
|
.IP "-4, --ipv4"
|
|
If libcurl is capable of resolving an address to multiple IP versions (which
|
|
it is if it is IPv6-capable), this option tells libcurl to resolve names to
|
|
IPv4 addresses only.
|
|
.IP "-6, --ipv6"
|
|
If libcurl is capable of resolving an address to multiple IP versions (which
|
|
it is if it is IPv6-capable), this option tells libcurl to resolve names to
|
|
IPv6 addresses only.
|
|
default statistics.
|
|
.IP "-a, --append"
|
|
(FTP/SFTP) When used in an upload, this will tell curl to append to the target
|
|
file instead of overwriting it. If the file doesn't exist, it will be created.
|
|
Note that this flag is ignored by some SSH servers (including OpenSSH).
|
|
.IP "-A, --user-agent <agent string>"
|
|
(HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server. Some badly
|
|
done CGIs fail if this field isn't set to "Mozilla/4.0". To encode blanks in
|
|
the string, surround the string with single quote marks. This can also be set
|
|
with the \fI-H, --header\fP option of course.
|
|
|
|
If this option is set more than once, the last one will be the one that's
|
|
used.
|
|
.IP "--anyauth"
|
|
(HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself, and use the
|
|
most secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first
|
|
doing a request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an
|
|
extra network round-trip. This is used instead of setting a specific
|
|
authentication method, which you can do with \fI--basic\fP, \fI--digest\fP,
|
|
\fI--ntlm\fP, and \fI--negotiate\fP.
|
|
|
|
Note that using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin,
|
|
since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to
|
|
rewind. If the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload
|
|
operation will fail.
|
|
.IP "-b, --cookie <name=data>"
|
|
(HTTP)
|
|
Pass the data to the HTTP server as a cookie. It is supposedly the
|
|
data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line.
|
|
The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2".
|
|
|
|
If no '=' symbol is used in the line, it is treated as a filename to use to
|
|
read previously stored cookie lines from, which should be used in this session
|
|
if they match. Using this method also activates the "cookie parser" which will
|
|
make curl record incoming cookies too, which may be handy if you're using this
|
|
in combination with the \fI-L, --location\fP option. The file format of the
|
|
file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or the Netscape/Mozilla
|
|
cookie file format.
|
|
|
|
\fBNOTE\fP that the file specified with \fI-b, --cookie\fP is only used as
|
|
input. No cookies will be stored in the file. To store cookies, use the
|
|
\fI-c, --cookie-jar\fP option or you could even save the HTTP headers to a file
|
|
using \fI-D, --dump-header\fP!
|
|
|
|
If this option is set more than once, the last one will be the one that's
|
|
used.
|
|
.IP "-B, --use-ascii"
|
|
Enable ASCII transfer when using FTP or LDAP. For FTP, this can also be
|
|
enforced by using an URL that ends with ";type=A". This option causes data
|
|
sent to stdout to be in text mode for win32 systems.
|
|
.IP "--basic"
|
|
(HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication. This is the default and
|
|
this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a previously
|
|
set option that sets a different authentication method (such as \fI--ntlm\fP,
|
|
\fI--digest\fP, or \fI--negotiate\fP).
|
|
.IP "-c, --cookie-jar <file name>"
|
|
Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed
|
|
operation. Curl writes all cookies previously read from a specified file as
|
|
well as all cookies received from remote server(s). If no cookies are known,
|
|
no file will be written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie
|
|
file format. If you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will
|
|
be written to stdout.
|
|
|
|
This command line option will activate the cookie engine that makes curl
|
|
record and use cookies. Another way to activate it is to use the \fI-b,
|
|
--cookie\fP option.
|
|
|
|
If the cookie jar can't be created or written to, the whole curl operation
|
|
won't fail or even report an error clearly. Using -v will get a warning
|
|
displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly
|
|
lethal situation.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last specified file name will be
|
|
used.
|
|
.IP "-C, --continue-at <offset>"
|
|
Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset
|
|
is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped, counting from the beginning
|
|
of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with
|
|
uploads, the FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.
|
|
|
|
Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the
|
|
transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--ciphers <list of ciphers>"
|
|
(SSL) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list of ciphers
|
|
must specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this URL:
|
|
\fIhttp://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html\fP
|
|
|
|
NSS ciphers are done differently than OpenSSL and GnuTLS. The full list of
|
|
NSS ciphers is in the NSSCipherSuite entry at this URL:
|
|
\fIhttp://directory.fedora.redhat.com/docs/mod_nss.html#Directives\fP
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will override the others.
|
|
.IP "--compressed"
|
|
(HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms libcurl
|
|
supports, and save the uncompressed document. If this option is used and the
|
|
server sends an unsupported encoding, curl will report an error.
|
|
.IP "--connect-timeout <seconds>"
|
|
Maximum time in seconds that you allow the connection to the server to take.
|
|
This only limits the connection phase, once curl has connected this option is
|
|
of no more use. See also the \fI-m, --max-time\fP option.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--create-dirs"
|
|
When used in conjunction with the -o option, curl will create the necessary
|
|
local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the dirs mentioned
|
|
with the -o option, nothing else. If the -o file name uses no dir or if the
|
|
dirs it mentions already exist, no dir will be created.
|
|
|
|
To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try
|
|
\fI--ftp-create-dirs\fP.
|
|
.IP "--crlf"
|
|
(FTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).
|
|
.IP "--crlfile <file>"
|
|
(HTTPS/FTPS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation
|
|
List that may specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.19.7)
|
|
.IP "-d, --data <data>"
|
|
(HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the
|
|
same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and
|
|
presses the submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server
|
|
using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to
|
|
\fI-F, --form\fP.
|
|
|
|
\fI-d, --data\fP is the same as \fI--data-ascii\fP. To post data purely binary,
|
|
you should instead use the \fI--data-binary\fP option. To URL-encode the value
|
|
of a form field you may use \fI--data-urlencode\fP.
|
|
|
|
If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the
|
|
data pieces specified will be merged together with a separating
|
|
&-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post
|
|
chunk that looks like \&'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.
|
|
|
|
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to
|
|
read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. The
|
|
contents of the file must already be URL-encoded. Multiple files can also be
|
|
specified. Posting data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with
|
|
\fI--data @foobar\fP.
|
|
.IP "-D, --dump-header <file>"
|
|
Write the protocol headers to the specified file.
|
|
|
|
This option is handy to use when you want to store the headers that a HTTP
|
|
site sends to you. Cookies from the headers could then be read in a second
|
|
curl invocation by using the \fI-b, --cookie\fP option! The
|
|
\fI-c, --cookie-jar\fP option is however a better way to store cookies.
|
|
|
|
When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers"
|
|
and thus are saved there.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. IP
|
|
"--data-ascii <data>" See \fI-d, --data\fP.
|
|
.IP "--data-binary <data>"
|
|
(HTTP) This posts data exactly as specified with no extra processing
|
|
whatsoever.
|
|
|
|
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename. Data
|
|
is posted in a similar manner as \fI--data-ascii\fP does, except that newlines
|
|
are preserved and conversions are never done.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append
|
|
data as described in \fI-d, --data\fP.
|
|
.IP "--data-urlencode <data>"
|
|
(HTTP) This posts data, similar to the other --data options with the exception
|
|
that this performs URL-encoding. (Added in 7.18.0)
|
|
|
|
To be CGI-compliant, the <data> part should begin with a \fIname\fP followed
|
|
by a separator and a content specification. The <data> part can be passed to
|
|
curl using one of the following syntaxes:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP "content"
|
|
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful
|
|
so that the content doesn't contain any = or @ symbols, as that will then make
|
|
the syntax match one of the other cases below!
|
|
.IP "=content"
|
|
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding =
|
|
symbol is not included in the data.
|
|
.IP "name=content"
|
|
This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that
|
|
the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already.
|
|
.IP "@filename"
|
|
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
|
|
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST.
|
|
.IP "name@filename"
|
|
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
|
|
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal
|
|
sign appended, resulting in \fIname=urlencoded-file-content\fP. Note that the
|
|
name is expected to be URL-encoded already.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "--delegation LEVEL"
|
|
Set \fILEVEL\fP to tell the server what it is allowed to delegate when it
|
|
comes to user credentials. Used with GSS/kerberos.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP "none"
|
|
Don't allow any delegation.
|
|
.IP "policy"
|
|
Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos
|
|
service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy.
|
|
.IP "always"
|
|
Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "--digest"
|
|
(HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is a authentication that
|
|
prevents the password from being sent over the wire in clear text. Use this in
|
|
combination with the normal \fI-u, --user\fP option to set user name and
|
|
password. See also \fI--ntlm\fP, \fI--negotiate\fP and \fI--anyauth\fP for
|
|
related options.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
|
|
difference.
|
|
.IP "--disable-eprt"
|
|
(FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing
|
|
active FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPRT,
|
|
then LPRT before using PORT, but with this option, it will use PORT right
|
|
away. EPRT and LPRT are extensions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work
|
|
on all servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than the
|
|
traditional PORT command.
|
|
|
|
\fB--eprt\fP can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and \fB--no-eprt\fP
|
|
is an alias for \fB--disable-eprt\fP.
|
|
|
|
Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to
|
|
passive mode you need to not use \fI-P, --ftp-port\fP or force it with
|
|
\fI--ftp-pasv\fP.
|
|
.IP "--disable-epsv"
|
|
(FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP
|
|
transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before PASV,
|
|
but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.
|
|
|
|
\fB--epsv\fP can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and \fB--no-epsv\fP
|
|
is an alias for \fB--disable-epsv\fP.
|
|
|
|
Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to
|
|
active mode you need to use \fI-P, --ftp-port\fP.
|
|
.IP "-e, --referer <URL>"
|
|
(HTTP) Sends the "Referer Page" information to the HTTP server. This can also
|
|
be set with the \fI-H, --header\fP flag of course. When used with
|
|
\fI-L, --location\fP you can append ";auto" to the --referer URL to make curl
|
|
automatically set the previous URL when it follows a Location: header. The
|
|
\&";auto" string can be used alone, even if you don't set an initial --referer.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-E, --cert <certificate[:password]>"
|
|
(SSL) Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file when getting a
|
|
file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. The certificate must be
|
|
in PEM format. If the optional password isn't specified, it will be queried
|
|
for on the terminal. Note that this option assumes a \&"certificate" file that
|
|
is the private key and the private certificate concatenated! See \fI--cert\fP
|
|
and \fI--key\fP to specify them independently.
|
|
|
|
If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option can tell
|
|
curl the nickname of the certificate to use within the NSS database defined
|
|
by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the
|
|
NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (libnsspem.so) is available then PEM files may be
|
|
loaded. If you want to use a file from the current directory, please precede
|
|
it with "./" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--engine <name>"
|
|
Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher
|
|
operations. Use \fI--engine list\fP to print a list of build-time supported
|
|
engines. Note that not all (or none) of the engines may be available at
|
|
run-time.
|
|
.IP "--environment"
|
|
(RISC OS ONLY) Sets a range of environment variables, using the names the -w
|
|
option supports, to allow easier extraction of useful information after having
|
|
run curl.
|
|
.IP "--egd-file <file>"
|
|
(SSL) Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket
|
|
is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also the
|
|
\fI--random-file\fP option.
|
|
.IP "--cert-type <type>"
|
|
(SSL) Tells curl what certificate type the provided certificate is in. PEM,
|
|
DER and ENG are recognized types. If not specified, PEM is assumed.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--cacert <CA certificate>"
|
|
(SSL) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The
|
|
file may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM
|
|
format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option
|
|
is typically used to alter that default file.
|
|
|
|
curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is
|
|
set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option
|
|
overrides that variable.
|
|
|
|
The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA certs file named
|
|
\'curl-ca-bundle.crt\', either in the same directory as curl.exe, or in the
|
|
Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your PATH.
|
|
|
|
If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option tells
|
|
curl the nickname of the CA certificate to use within the NSS database
|
|
defined by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by default /etc/pki/nssdb).
|
|
If the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (libnsspem.so) is available then PEM files
|
|
may be loaded.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--capath <CA certificate directory>"
|
|
(SSL) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to verify the
|
|
peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g.
|
|
\&"path1:path2:path3"). The certificates must be in PEM format, and if curl is
|
|
built against OpenSSL, the directory must have been processed using the
|
|
c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using \fI--capath\fP can allow
|
|
OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using
|
|
\fI--cacert\fP if the \fI--cacert\fP file contains many CA certificates.
|
|
|
|
If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored, and if it is
|
|
used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-f, --fail"
|
|
(HTTP) Fail silently (no output at all) on server errors. This is mostly done
|
|
to better enable scripts etc to better deal with failed attempts. In
|
|
normal cases when a HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an
|
|
HTML document stating so (which often also describes why and more). This flag
|
|
will prevent curl from outputting that and return error 22.
|
|
|
|
This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful
|
|
response codes will slip through, especially when authentication is involved
|
|
(response codes 401 and 407).
|
|
.IP "-F, --form <name=content>"
|
|
(HTTP) This lets curl emulate a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the
|
|
submit button. This causes curl to POST data using the Content-Type
|
|
multipart/form-data according to RFC 2388. This enables uploading of binary
|
|
files etc. To force the 'content' part to be a file, prefix the file name
|
|
with an @ sign. To just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name
|
|
with the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @ makes a file
|
|
get attached in the post as a file upload, while the < makes a text field and
|
|
just get the contents for that text field from a file.
|
|
|
|
Example, to send your password file to the server, where
|
|
\&'password' is the name of the form-field to which /etc/passwd will be the
|
|
input:
|
|
|
|
\fBcurl\fP -F password=@/etc/passwd www.mypasswords.com
|
|
|
|
To read content from stdin instead of a file, use - as the filename. This goes
|
|
for both @ and < constructs.
|
|
|
|
You can also tell curl what Content-Type to use by using 'type=', in a manner
|
|
similar to:
|
|
|
|
\fBcurl\fP -F "web=@index.html;type=text/html" url.com
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
\fBcurl\fP -F "name=daniel;type=text/foo" url.com
|
|
|
|
You can also explicitly change the name field of a file upload part by setting
|
|
filename=, like this:
|
|
|
|
\fBcurl\fP -F "file=@localfile;filename=nameinpost" url.com
|
|
|
|
See further examples and details in the MANUAL.
|
|
|
|
This option can be used multiple times.
|
|
.IP "--ftp-account [data]"
|
|
(FTP) When an FTP server asks for "account data" after user name and password
|
|
has been provided, this data is sent off using the ACCT command. (Added in
|
|
7.13.0)
|
|
|
|
If this option is used twice, the second will override the previous use.
|
|
.IP "--ftp-alternative-to-user <command>"
|
|
(FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this
|
|
command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS
|
|
using a client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve
|
|
the username from the certificate. (Added in 7.15.5)
|
|
.IP "--ftp-create-dirs"
|
|
(FTP/SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that doesn't
|
|
currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of curl is to
|
|
fail. Using this option, curl will instead attempt to create missing
|
|
directories.
|
|
.IP "--ftp-method [method]"
|
|
(FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on a FTP(S)
|
|
server. The method argument should be one of the following alternatives:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP multicwd
|
|
curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep
|
|
hierarchies this means very many commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should
|
|
be done. This is the default but the slowest behavior.
|
|
.IP nocwd
|
|
curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full
|
|
path to the server for all these commands. This is the fastest behavior.
|
|
.IP singlecwd
|
|
curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then operates on the file
|
|
\&"normally" (like in the multicwd case). This is somewhat more standards
|
|
compliant than 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.
|
|
.RE
|
|
(Added in 7.15.1)
|
|
.IP "--ftp-pasv"
|
|
(FTP) Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the internal default
|
|
behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previous
|
|
\fI-P/-ftp-port\fP option. (Added in 7.11.0)
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
|
|
difference. Undoing an enforced passive really isn't doable but you must then
|
|
instead enforce the correct \fI-P, --ftp-port\fP again.
|
|
|
|
Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and then PASV,
|
|
unless \fI--disable-epsv\fP is used.
|
|
.IP "--ftp-skip-pasv-ip"
|
|
(FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its response
|
|
to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl
|
|
will re-use the same IP address it already uses for the control
|
|
connection. (Added in 7.14.2)
|
|
|
|
This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV.
|
|
.IP "--ftp-pret"
|
|
(FTP) Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV). Certain
|
|
FTP servers, mainly drftpd, require this non-standard command for
|
|
directory listings as well as up and downloads in PASV mode.
|
|
(Added in 7.20.x)
|
|
.IP "--ftp-ssl-ccc"
|
|
(FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel)
|
|
Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after authenticating. The rest of the
|
|
control channel communication will be unencrypted. This allows
|
|
NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The default mode is
|
|
passive. See --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode for other modes.
|
|
(Added in 7.16.1)
|
|
.IP "--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode [active/passive]"
|
|
(FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel)
|
|
Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the shutdown, but
|
|
instead wait for the server to do it, and will not reply to the
|
|
shutdown from the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and
|
|
waits for a reply from the server.
|
|
(Added in 7.16.2)
|
|
.IP "--ftp-ssl-control"
|
|
(FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer. Allows secure
|
|
authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for efficiency. Fails the
|
|
transfer if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. (Added in 7.16.0)
|
|
that can still be used but will be removed in a future version.
|
|
.IP "--form-string <name=string>"
|
|
(HTTP) Similar to \fI--form\fP except that the value string for the named
|
|
parameter is used literally. Leading \&'@' and \&'<' characters, and the
|
|
\&';type=' string in the value have no special meaning. Use this in preference
|
|
to \fI--form\fP if there's any possibility that the string value may
|
|
accidentally trigger the \&'@' or \&'<' features of \fI--form\fP.
|
|
.IP "-g, --globoff"
|
|
This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option,
|
|
you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having them being
|
|
interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL
|
|
contents but they should be encoded according to the URI standard.
|
|
.IP "-G, --get"
|
|
When used, this option will make all data specified with \fI-d, --data\fP or
|
|
\fI--data-binary\fP to be used in a HTTP GET request instead of the POST
|
|
request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL
|
|
with a '?' separator.
|
|
|
|
If used in combination with -I, the POST data will instead be appended to the
|
|
URL with a HEAD request.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
|
|
difference. This is because undoing a GET doesn't make sense, but you should
|
|
then instead enforce the alternative method you prefer.
|
|
.IP "-H, --header <header>"
|
|
(HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page. You may specify any number
|
|
of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom header that has the
|
|
same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set
|
|
header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even
|
|
trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace internally
|
|
set headers without knowing perfectly well what you're doing. Remove an
|
|
internal header by giving a replacement without content on the right side of
|
|
the colon, as in: -H \&"Host:". If you send the custom header with no-value then
|
|
its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such as \-H "X-Custom-Header;"
|
|
to send "X-Custom-Header:".
|
|
|
|
curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
|
|
end-of-line marker, you should thus \fBnot\fP add that as a part of the header
|
|
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they will only mess things up
|
|
for you.
|
|
|
|
See also the \fI-A, --user-agent\fP and \fI-e, --referer\fP options.
|
|
|
|
This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers.
|
|
.IP "--hostpubmd5 <md5>"
|
|
Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should be the 128
|
|
bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl will refuse the
|
|
connection with the host unless the md5sums match. This option is only for SCP
|
|
and SFTP transfers. (Added in 7.17.1)
|
|
.IP "--ignore-content-length"
|
|
(HTTP)
|
|
Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for servers
|
|
running Apache 1.x, which will report incorrect Content-Length for files
|
|
larger than 2 gigabytes.
|
|
.IP "-i, --include"
|
|
(HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-header includes things
|
|
like server-name, date of the document, HTTP-version and more...
|
|
.IP "-I, --head"
|
|
(HTTP/FTP/FILE)
|
|
Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD
|
|
which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. When used
|
|
on a FTP or FILE file, curl displays the file size and last modification
|
|
time only.
|
|
.IP "--interface <name>"
|
|
Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface
|
|
name, IP address or host name. An example could look like:
|
|
|
|
curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-j, --junk-session-cookies"
|
|
(HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will
|
|
make it discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect
|
|
as if a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session
|
|
cookies when they're closed down.
|
|
.IP "-J, --remote-header-name"
|
|
(HTTP) This option tells the -O, --remote-name option to use the server-specified
|
|
Content-Disposition filename instead of extracting a filename from the URL.
|
|
.IP "-k, --insecure"
|
|
(SSL) This option explicitly allows curl to perform "insecure" SSL connections
|
|
and transfers. All SSL connections are attempted to be made secure by using
|
|
the CA certificate bundle installed by default. This makes all connections
|
|
considered "insecure" fail unless \fI-k, --insecure\fP is used.
|
|
|
|
See this online resource for further details:
|
|
\fBhttp://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html\fP
|
|
.IP "-K, --config <config file>"
|
|
Specify which config file to read curl arguments from. The config file is a
|
|
text file in which command line arguments can be written which then will be
|
|
used as if they were written on the actual command line. Options and their
|
|
parameters must be specified on the same config file line, separated by
|
|
whitespace, colon, the equals sign or any combination thereof (however,
|
|
the preferred separator is the equals sign). If the parameter is to contain
|
|
whitespace, the parameter must be enclosed within quotes. Within double
|
|
quotes, the following escape sequences are available: \\\\, \\", \\t, \\n,
|
|
\\r and \\v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ignored. If the
|
|
first column of a config line is a '#' character, the rest of the line will be
|
|
treated as a comment. Only write one option per physical line in the config
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
Specify the filename to -K, --config as '-' to make curl read the file from
|
|
stdin.
|
|
|
|
Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify
|
|
it using the \fI--url\fP option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own
|
|
line. So, it could look similar to this:
|
|
|
|
url = "http://curl.haxx.se/docs/"
|
|
|
|
Long option names can optionally be given in the config file without the
|
|
initial double dashes.
|
|
|
|
When curl is invoked, it always (unless \fI-q\fP is used) checks for a default
|
|
config file and uses it if found. The default config file is checked for in
|
|
the following places in this order:
|
|
|
|
1) curl tries to find the "home dir": It first checks for the CURL_HOME and
|
|
then the HOME environment variables. Failing that, it uses getpwuid() on
|
|
UNIX-like systems (which returns the home dir given the current user in your
|
|
system). On Windows, it then checks for the APPDATA variable, or as a last
|
|
resort the '%USERPROFILE%\\Application Data'.
|
|
|
|
2) On windows, if there is no _curlrc file in the home dir, it checks for one
|
|
in the same dir the curl executable is placed. On UNIX-like systems, it will
|
|
simply try to load .curlrc from the determined home dir.
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
# --- Example file ---
|
|
# this is a comment
|
|
url = "curl.haxx.se"
|
|
output = "curlhere.html"
|
|
user-agent = "superagent/1.0"
|
|
|
|
# and fetch another URL too
|
|
url = "curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html"
|
|
-O
|
|
referer = "http://nowhereatall.com/"
|
|
# --- End of example file ---
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config files.
|
|
.IP "--keepalive-time <seconds>"
|
|
This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle before sending
|
|
keepalive probes and the time between individual keepalive probes. It is
|
|
currently effective on operating systems offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and
|
|
TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). This
|
|
option has no effect if \fI--no-keepalive\fP is used. (Added in 7.18.0)
|
|
|
|
If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence sets the amount. If
|
|
unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds.
|
|
.IP "--key <key>"
|
|
(SSL/SSH) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this
|
|
separate file.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--key-type <type>"
|
|
(SSL) Private key file type. Specify which type your \fI--key\fP provided
|
|
private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is
|
|
assumed.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--krb <level>"
|
|
(FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and
|
|
should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or 'private'. Should you use
|
|
a level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used.
|
|
|
|
This option requires a library built with kerberos4 or GSSAPI
|
|
(GSS-Negotiate) support. This is not very common. Use \fI-V, --version\fP to
|
|
see if your curl supports it.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-l, --list-only"
|
|
(FTP)
|
|
When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view.
|
|
Especially useful if you want to machine-parse the contents of an FTP
|
|
directory since the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look
|
|
or format.
|
|
|
|
This option causes an FTP NLST command to be sent. Some FTP servers
|
|
list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include
|
|
subdirectories and symbolic links.
|
|
|
|
.IP "-L, --location"
|
|
(HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a
|
|
different location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code),
|
|
this option will make curl redo the request on the new place. If used together
|
|
with \fI-i, --include\fP or \fI-I, --head\fP, headers from all requested pages
|
|
will be shown. When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to
|
|
the initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it won't be
|
|
able to intercept the user+password. See also \fI--location-trusted\fP on how
|
|
to change this. You can limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the
|
|
\fI--max-redirs\fP option.
|
|
|
|
When curl follows a redirect and the request is not a plain GET (for example
|
|
POST or PUT), it will do the following request with a GET if the HTTP response
|
|
was 301, 302, or 303. If the response code was any other 3xx code, curl will
|
|
re-send the following request using the same unmodified method.
|
|
.IP "--libcurl <file>"
|
|
Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you will get a
|
|
libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does the equivalent
|
|
of what your command-line operation does!
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last given file name will be
|
|
used. (Added in 7.16.1)
|
|
.IP "--limit-rate <speed>"
|
|
Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use. This feature is useful
|
|
if you have a limited pipe and you'd like your transfer not to use your entire
|
|
bandwidth.
|
|
|
|
The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended.
|
|
Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or M' makes it
|
|
megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.
|
|
|
|
The given rate is the average speed counted during the entire transfer. It
|
|
means that curl might use higher transfer speeds in short bursts, but over
|
|
time it uses no more than the given rate.
|
|
|
|
If you also use the \fI-Y, --speed-limit\fP option, that option will take
|
|
precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the
|
|
speed-limit logic working.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--local-port <num>[-num]"
|
|
Set a preferred number or range of local port numbers to use for the
|
|
connection(s). Note that port numbers by nature are a scarce resource that
|
|
will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might
|
|
cause unnecessary connection setup failures. (Added in 7.15.2)
|
|
.IP "--location-trusted"
|
|
(HTTP/HTTPS) Like \fI-L, --location\fP, but will allow sending the name +
|
|
password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may not
|
|
introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to a site to which
|
|
you'll send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP
|
|
Basic authentication).
|
|
.IP "-m, --max-time <seconds>"
|
|
Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to take. This is
|
|
useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow
|
|
networks or links going down. See also the \fI--connect-timeout\fP option.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--mail-auth <address>"
|
|
(SMTP) Specify a single address. This will be used to specify the
|
|
authentication address (identity) of a submitted message that is being relayed
|
|
to another server.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.25.0)
|
|
.IP "--mail-from <address>"
|
|
(SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get sent from.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.20.0)
|
|
.IP "--max-filesize <bytes>"
|
|
Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file
|
|
requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and curl will
|
|
return with exit code 63.
|
|
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files
|
|
this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than
|
|
this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers.
|
|
.IP "--mail-rcpt <address>"
|
|
(SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get sent to. This
|
|
option can be used multiple times to specify many recipients.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.20.0)
|
|
.IP "--max-redirs <num>"
|
|
Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed. If \fI-L, --location\fP
|
|
is used, this option can be used to prevent curl from following redirections
|
|
\&"in absurdum". By default, the limit is set to 50 redirections. Set this
|
|
option to -1 to make it limitless.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--metalink"
|
|
If curl is built against the libmetalink library then this option can
|
|
tell curl to parse and process a given URI as Metalink file (both
|
|
version 3 and 4 (RFC 5854) are supported) and make use of the mirrors
|
|
listed within for failover if there are errors (such as the file or
|
|
server not being available). The Metalink file itself is downloaded
|
|
and processed in memory and not stored in the local file system.
|
|
|
|
Example to use a remote Metalink file:
|
|
|
|
\fBcurl\fP --metalink http://www.example.com/example.metalink
|
|
|
|
To use a Metalink file in the local file system, use FILE protocol
|
|
(file://):
|
|
|
|
\fBcurl\fP --metalink file://example.metalink
|
|
|
|
Please note that if FILE protocol is disabled, there is no way to use
|
|
a local Metalink file at the time of this writing. Also note that If
|
|
--metalink and --include are used together, --include will be
|
|
ignored. This is because including headers in the response will break
|
|
Metalink parser and if the headers are included in the file described
|
|
in Metalink file, hash check will fail.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.27.0)
|
|
.IP "-n, --netrc"
|
|
Makes curl scan the \fI.netrc\fP (\fI_netrc\fP on Windows) file in the user's
|
|
home directory for login name and password. This is typically used for FTP on
|
|
UNIX. If used with HTTP, curl will enable user authentication. See
|
|
.BR netrc(4)
|
|
or
|
|
.BR ftp(1)
|
|
for details on the file format. Curl will not complain if that file
|
|
doesn't have the right permissions (it should not be either world- or
|
|
group-readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
A quick and very simple example of how to setup a \fI.netrc\fP to allow curl
|
|
to FTP to the machine host.domain.com with user name \&'myself' and password
|
|
\&'secret' should look similar to:
|
|
|
|
.B "machine host.domain.com login myself password secret"
|
|
.IP "-N, --no-buffer"
|
|
Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl
|
|
will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it
|
|
will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives.
|
|
Using this option will disable that buffering.
|
|
|
|
Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use
|
|
\fI--buffer\fP to enforce the buffering.
|
|
.IP "--netrc-file"
|
|
This option is similar to \fI--netrc\fP, except that you provide the path
|
|
(absolute or relative) to the netrc file that Curl should use.
|
|
You can only specify one netrc file per invocation. If several
|
|
\fI--netrc-file\fP options are provided, only the \fBlast one\fP will be used.
|
|
(Added in 7.21.5)
|
|
|
|
This option overrides any use of \fI--netrc\fP as they are mutually exclusive.
|
|
It will also abide by --netrc-optional if specified.
|
|
|
|
.IP "--netrc-optional"
|
|
Very similar to \fI--netrc\fP, but this option makes the .netrc usage
|
|
\fBoptional\fP and not mandatory as the \fI--netrc\fP option does.
|
|
|
|
.IP "--negotiate"
|
|
(HTTP) Enables GSS-Negotiate authentication. The GSS-Negotiate method was
|
|
designed by Microsoft and is used in their web applications. It is primarily
|
|
meant as a support for Kerberos5 authentication but may be also used along
|
|
with another authentication method. For more information see IETF draft
|
|
draft-brezak-spnego-http-04.txt.
|
|
|
|
If you want to enable Negotiate for your proxy authentication, then use
|
|
\fI--proxy-negotiate\fP.
|
|
|
|
This option requires a library built with GSSAPI support. This is
|
|
not very common. Use \fI-V, --version\fP to see if your version supports
|
|
GSS-Negotiate.
|
|
|
|
When using this option, you must also provide a fake -u, --user option to
|
|
activate the authentication code properly. Sending a '-u :' is enough as the
|
|
user name and password from the -u option aren't actually used.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
|
|
difference.
|
|
.IP "--no-keepalive"
|
|
Disables the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection, as by default
|
|
curl enables them.
|
|
|
|
Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use
|
|
\fI--keepalive\fP to enforce keepalive.
|
|
.IP "--no-sessionid"
|
|
(SSL) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching. By default all transfers
|
|
are done using the cache. Note that while nothing should ever get hurt by
|
|
attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs, there seem to be broken SSL
|
|
implementations in the wild that may require you to disable this in order for
|
|
you to succeed. (Added in 7.16.0)
|
|
|
|
Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can thus use
|
|
\fI--sessionid\fP to enforce session-ID caching.
|
|
.IP "--noproxy <no-proxy-list>"
|
|
Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy, if one is specified.
|
|
The only wildcard is a single * character, which matches all hosts, and
|
|
effectively disables the proxy. Each name in this list is matched as either
|
|
a domain which contains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example,
|
|
local.com would match local.com, local.com:80, and www.local.com, but not
|
|
www.notlocal.com. (Added in 7.19.4).
|
|
.IP "--ntlm"
|
|
(HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication method was
|
|
designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers. It is a proprietary
|
|
protocol, reverse-engineered by clever people and implemented in curl based
|
|
on their efforts. This kind of behavior should not be endorsed, you should
|
|
encourage everyone who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented
|
|
authentication method instead, such as Digest.
|
|
|
|
If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then use
|
|
\fI--proxy-ntlm\fP.
|
|
|
|
This option requires a library built with SSL support. Use
|
|
\fI-V, --version\fP to see if your curl supports NTLM.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
|
|
difference.
|
|
.IP "-o, --output <file>"
|
|
Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are using {} or [] to fetch
|
|
multiple documents, you can use '#' followed by a number in the <file>
|
|
specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL
|
|
being fetched. Like in:
|
|
|
|
curl http://{one,two}.site.com -o "file_#1.txt"
|
|
|
|
or use several variables like:
|
|
|
|
curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o "#1_#2"
|
|
|
|
You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have.
|
|
|
|
See also the \fI--create-dirs\fP option to create the local directories
|
|
dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash) will force the
|
|
output to be done to stdout.
|
|
.IP "-O, --remote-name"
|
|
Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file
|
|
part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.)
|
|
|
|
The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the given URL,
|
|
nothing else.
|
|
|
|
Consequentially, the file will be saved in the current working directory. If
|
|
you want the file saved in a different directory, make sure you change current
|
|
working directory before you invoke curl with the \fB-O, --remote-name\fP flag!
|
|
|
|
You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you have.
|
|
.IP "-p, --proxytunnel"
|
|
When an HTTP proxy is used (\fI-x, --proxy\fP), this option will cause non-HTTP
|
|
protocols to attempt to tunnel through the proxy instead of merely using it to
|
|
do HTTP-like operations. The tunnel approach is made with the HTTP proxy
|
|
CONNECT request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the
|
|
remote port number curl wants to tunnel through to.
|
|
.IP "-P, --ftp-port <address>"
|
|
(FTP) Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when connecting with
|
|
FTP. This switch makes curl use active mode. In practice, curl then tells the
|
|
server to connect back to the client's specified address and port, while
|
|
passive mode asks the server to setup an IP address and port for it to connect
|
|
to. <address> should be one of:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP interface
|
|
i.e "eth0" to specify which interface's IP address you want to use (Unix only)
|
|
.IP "IP address"
|
|
i.e "192.168.10.1" to specify the exact IP address
|
|
.IP "host name"
|
|
i.e "my.host.domain" to specify the machine
|
|
.IP "-"
|
|
make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control
|
|
connection
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Disable the
|
|
use of PORT with \fI--ftp-pasv\fP. Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command
|
|
instead of PORT by using \fI--disable-eprt\fP. EPRT is really PORT++.
|
|
|
|
Starting in 7.19.5, you can append \&":[start]-[end]\&" to the right of the
|
|
address, to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a
|
|
port range, from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as well,
|
|
but do note that it increases the risk of failure since the port may not be
|
|
available.
|
|
.IP "--pass <phrase>"
|
|
(SSL/SSH) Passphrase for the private key
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--post301"
|
|
Tells curl to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET
|
|
requests when following a 301 redirection. The non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous
|
|
in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain
|
|
consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such
|
|
a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using \fI-L, --location\fP
|
|
(Added in 7.17.1)
|
|
.IP "--post302"
|
|
Tells curl to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET
|
|
requests when following a 302 redirection. The non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous
|
|
in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain
|
|
consistency. However, a server may require a POST to remain a POST after such
|
|
a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using \fI-L, --location\fP
|
|
(Added in 7.19.1)
|
|
.IP "--proto <protocols>"
|
|
Tells curl to use the listed protocols for its initial retrieval. Protocols
|
|
are evaluated left to right, are comma separated, and are each a protocol
|
|
name or 'all', optionally prefixed by zero or more modifiers. Available
|
|
modifiers are:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
.B +
|
|
Permit this protocol in addition to protocols already permitted (this is
|
|
the default if no modifier is used).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -
|
|
Deny this protocol, removing it from the list of protocols already permitted.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B =
|
|
Permit only this protocol (ignoring the list already permitted), though
|
|
subject to later modification by subsequent entries in the comma separated
|
|
list.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP
|
|
For example:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP 15
|
|
.B --proto -ftps
|
|
uses the default protocols, but disables ftps
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --proto -all,https,+http
|
|
only enables http and https
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --proto =http,https
|
|
also only enables http and https
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP
|
|
Unknown protocols produce a warning. This allows scripts to safely rely on
|
|
being able to disable potentially dangerous protocols, without relying upon
|
|
support for that protocol being built into curl to avoid an error.
|
|
|
|
This option can be used multiple times, in which case the effect is the same
|
|
as concatenating the protocols into one instance of the option.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.20.2)
|
|
.IP "--proto-redir <protocols>"
|
|
Tells curl to use the listed protocols after a redirect. See --proto for
|
|
how protocols are represented.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.20.2)
|
|
.IP "--proxy-anyauth"
|
|
Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when communicating with
|
|
the given proxy. This might cause an extra request/response round-trip. (Added
|
|
in 7.13.2)
|
|
.IP "--proxy-basic"
|
|
Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating with the given
|
|
proxy. Use \fI--basic\fP for enabling HTTP Basic with a remote host. Basic is
|
|
the default authentication method curl uses with proxies.
|
|
.IP "--proxy-digest"
|
|
Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating with the given
|
|
proxy. Use \fI--digest\fP for enabling HTTP Digest with a remote host.
|
|
.IP "--proxy-negotiate"
|
|
Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate authentication when communicating
|
|
with the given proxy. Use \fI--negotiate\fP for enabling HTTP Negotiate
|
|
with a remote host. (Added in 7.17.1)
|
|
.IP "--proxy-ntlm"
|
|
Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating with the given
|
|
proxy. Use \fI--ntlm\fP for enabling NTLM with a remote host.
|
|
.IP "--proxy1.0 <proxyhost[:port]>"
|
|
Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is
|
|
assumed at port 1080.
|
|
|
|
The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option (\fI-x, --proxy\fP),
|
|
is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy will specify an HTTP 1.0
|
|
protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1.
|
|
.IP "--pubkey <key>"
|
|
(SSH) Public key file name. Allows you to provide your public key in this
|
|
separate file.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-q"
|
|
If used as the first parameter on the command line, the \fIcurlrc\fP config
|
|
file will not be read and used. See the \fI-K, --config\fP for details on the
|
|
default config file search path.
|
|
.IP "-Q, --quote <command>"
|
|
(FTP/SFTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP server. Quote
|
|
commands are sent BEFORE the transfer takes place (just after the initial PWD
|
|
command in an FTP transfer, to be exact). To make commands take place after a
|
|
successful transfer, prefix them with a dash '-'. To make commands be sent
|
|
after libcurl has changed the working directory, just before the transfer
|
|
command(s), prefix the command with a '+' (this is only supported for
|
|
FTP). You may specify any number of commands. If the server returns failure
|
|
for one of the commands, the entire operation will be aborted. You must send
|
|
syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC 959 defines to FTP servers, or one
|
|
of the commands listed below to SFTP servers. This option can be used
|
|
multiple times. When speaking to a FTP server, prefix the command with an
|
|
asterisk (*) to make libcurl continue even if the command fails as by default
|
|
curl will stop at first failure.
|
|
|
|
SFTP is a binary protocol. Unlike for FTP, libcurl interprets SFTP quote
|
|
commands itself before sending them to the server. File names may be quoted
|
|
shell-style to embed spaces or special characters. Following is the list of
|
|
all supported SFTP quote commands:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP "chgrp group file"
|
|
The chgrp command sets the group ID of the file named by the file operand to the
|
|
group ID specified by the group operand. The group operand is a decimal
|
|
integer group ID.
|
|
.IP "chmod mode file"
|
|
The chmod command modifies the file mode bits of the specified file. The
|
|
mode operand is an octal integer mode number.
|
|
.IP "chown user file"
|
|
The chown command sets the owner of the file named by the file operand to the
|
|
user ID specified by the user operand. The user operand is a decimal
|
|
integer user ID.
|
|
.IP "ln source_file target_file"
|
|
The ln and symlink commands create a symbolic link at the target_file location
|
|
pointing to the source_file location.
|
|
.IP "mkdir directory_name"
|
|
The mkdir command creates the directory named by the directory_name operand.
|
|
.IP "pwd"
|
|
The pwd command returns the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
|
|
.IP "rename source target"
|
|
The rename command renames the file or directory named by the source
|
|
operand to the destination path named by the target operand.
|
|
.IP "rm file"
|
|
The rm command removes the file specified by the file operand.
|
|
.IP "rmdir directory"
|
|
The rmdir command removes the directory entry specified by the directory
|
|
operand, provided it is empty.
|
|
.IP "symlink source_file target_file"
|
|
See ln.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "-r, --range <range>"
|
|
(HTTP/FTP/SFTP/FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i.e a partial document) from a
|
|
HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE. Ranges can be specified
|
|
in a number of ways.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
.B 0-499
|
|
specifies the first 500 bytes
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B 500-999
|
|
specifies the second 500 bytes
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -500
|
|
specifies the last 500 bytes
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B 9500-
|
|
specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B 0-0,-1
|
|
specifies the first and last byte only(*)(H)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B 500-700,600-799
|
|
specifies 300 bytes from offset 500(H)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B 100-199,500-599
|
|
specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*)(H)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
(*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a multipart
|
|
response!
|
|
|
|
Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop' fields of
|
|
the \&'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit character is given in the range, the server's
|
|
response will be unspecified, depending on the server's configuration.
|
|
|
|
You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature
|
|
enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, you'll instead get the whole
|
|
document.
|
|
|
|
FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-stop' syntax
|
|
(optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP use depends on the extended
|
|
FTP command SIZE.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-R, --remote-time"
|
|
When used, this will make libcurl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the
|
|
remote file, and if that is available make the local file get that same
|
|
timestamp.
|
|
.IP "--random-file <file>"
|
|
(SSL) Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered as
|
|
random data. The data is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections.
|
|
See also the \fI--egd-file\fP option.
|
|
.IP "--raw"
|
|
When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of content or transfer
|
|
encodings and instead makes them passed on unaltered, raw. (Added in 7.16.2)
|
|
.IP "--remote-name-all"
|
|
This option changes the default action for all given URLs to be dealt with as
|
|
if \fI-O, --remote-name\fP were used for each one. So if you want to disable
|
|
that for a specific URL after \fI--remote-name-all\fP has been used, you must
|
|
use "-o -" or \fI--no-remote-name\fP. (Added in 7.19.0)
|
|
.IP "--resolve <host:port:address>"
|
|
Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Using this, you
|
|
can make the curl requests(s) use a specified address and prevent the
|
|
otherwise normally resolved address to be used. Consider it a sort of
|
|
/etc/hosts alternative provided on the command line. The port number should be
|
|
the number used for the specific protocol the host will be used for. It means
|
|
you need several entries if you want to provide address for the same host but
|
|
different ports.
|
|
|
|
This option can be used many times to add many host names to resolve.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.21.3)
|
|
.IP "--retry <num>"
|
|
If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a transfer, it
|
|
will retry this number of times before giving up. Setting the number to 0
|
|
makes curl do no retries (which is the default). Transient error means either:
|
|
a timeout, an FTP 4xx response code or an HTTP 5xx response code.
|
|
|
|
When curl is about to retry a transfer, it will first wait one second and then
|
|
for all forthcoming retries it will double the waiting time until it reaches
|
|
10 minutes which then will be the delay between the rest of the retries. By
|
|
using \fI--retry-delay\fP you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See
|
|
also \fI--retry-max-time\fP to limit the total time allowed for
|
|
retries. (Added in 7.12.3)
|
|
|
|
If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence decide the amount.
|
|
.IP "--retry-delay <seconds>"
|
|
Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a transfer has
|
|
failed with a transient error (it changes the default backoff time algorithm
|
|
between retries). This option is only interesting if \fI--retry\fP is also
|
|
used. Setting this delay to zero will make curl use the default backoff time.
|
|
(Added in 7.12.3)
|
|
|
|
If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence determines the amount.
|
|
.IP "--retry-max-time <seconds>"
|
|
The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries will be
|
|
done as usual (see \fI--retry\fP) as long as the timer hasn't reached this
|
|
given limit. Notice that if the timer hasn't reached the limit, the request
|
|
will be made and while performing, it may take longer than this given time
|
|
period. To limit a single request\'s maximum time, use \fI-m, --max-time\fP.
|
|
Set this option to zero to not timeout retries. (Added in 7.12.3)
|
|
|
|
If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence determines the
|
|
amount.
|
|
.IP "-s, --silent"
|
|
Silent or quiet mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages. Makes
|
|
Curl mute.
|
|
.IP "-S, --show-error"
|
|
When used with -s it makes curl show an error message if it fails.
|
|
.IP "--ssl"
|
|
(FTP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP) Try to use SSL/TLS for the connection. Reverts to a
|
|
non-secure connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. See also
|
|
\fI--ftp-ssl-control\fP and \fI--ssl-reqd\fP for different levels of
|
|
encryption required. (Added in 7.20.0)
|
|
|
|
This option was formerly known as \fI--ftp-ssl\fP (Added in 7.11.0). That
|
|
option name can still be used but will be removed in a future version.
|
|
.IP "--ssl-reqd"
|
|
(FTP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP) Require SSL/TLS for the connection. Terminates the
|
|
connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS. (Added in 7.20.0)
|
|
|
|
This option was formerly known as \fI--ftp-ssl-reqd\fP (added in 7.15.5). That
|
|
option name can still be used but will be removed in a future version.
|
|
.IP "--ssl-allow-beast"
|
|
(SSL) This option tells curl to not work around a security flaw in the SSL3
|
|
and TLS1.0 protocols known as BEAST. If this option isn't used, the SSL layer
|
|
may use work-arounds known to cause interoperability problems with some older
|
|
SSL implementations. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by
|
|
using this flag you ask for exactly that. (Added in 7.25.0)
|
|
.IP "--socks4 <host[:port]>"
|
|
Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is
|
|
assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.15.2)
|
|
|
|
This option overrides any previous use of \fI-x, --proxy\fP, as they are
|
|
mutually exclusive.
|
|
|
|
Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4 proxy
|
|
with \fI-x, --proxy\fP using a socks4:// protocol prefix.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--socks4a <host[:port]>"
|
|
Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is
|
|
assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.18.0)
|
|
|
|
This option overrides any previous use of \fI-x, --proxy\fP, as they are
|
|
mutually exclusive.
|
|
|
|
Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4a proxy
|
|
with \fI-x, --proxy\fP using a socks4a:// protocol prefix.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--socks5-hostname <host[:port]>"
|
|
Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the host name). If
|
|
the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. (Added in
|
|
7.18.0)
|
|
|
|
This option overrides any previous use of \fI-x, --proxy\fP, as they are
|
|
mutually exclusive.
|
|
|
|
Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5
|
|
hostname proxy with \fI-x, --proxy\fP using a socks5h:// protocol prefix.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (This option
|
|
was previously wrongly documented and used as --socks without the number
|
|
appended.)
|
|
.IP "--socks5 <host[:port]>"
|
|
Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the host name locally. If the
|
|
port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080.
|
|
|
|
This option overrides any previous use of \fI-x, --proxy\fP, as they are
|
|
mutually exclusive.
|
|
|
|
Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 proxy
|
|
with \fI-x, --proxy\fP using a socks5:// protocol prefix.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (This option
|
|
was previously wrongly documented and used as --socks without the number
|
|
appended.)
|
|
|
|
This option (as well as \fI--socks4\fP) does not work with IPV6, FTPS or LDAP.
|
|
.IP "--socks5-gssapi-service <servicename>"
|
|
The default service name for a socks server is rcmd/server-fqdn. This option
|
|
allows you to change it.
|
|
|
|
Examples: --socks5 proxy-name \fI--socks5-gssapi-service\fP sockd would use
|
|
sockd/proxy-name --socks5 proxy-name \fI--socks5-gssapi-service\fP
|
|
sockd/real-name would use sockd/real-name for cases where the proxy-name does
|
|
not match the principal name. (Added in 7.19.4).
|
|
.IP "--socks5-gssapi-nec"
|
|
As part of the gssapi negotiation a protection mode is negotiated. RFC 1961
|
|
says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected, but the NEC reference
|
|
implementation does not. The option \fI--socks5-gssapi-nec\fP allows the
|
|
unprotected exchange of the protection mode negotiation. (Added in 7.19.4).
|
|
.IP "--stderr <file>"
|
|
Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If the file name
|
|
is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-t, --telnet-option <OPT=val>"
|
|
Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:
|
|
|
|
TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type.
|
|
|
|
XDISPLOC=<X display> Sets the X display location.
|
|
|
|
NEW_ENV=<var,val> Sets an environment variable.
|
|
.IP "-T, --upload-file <file>"
|
|
This transfers the specified local file to the remote URL. If there is no file
|
|
part in the specified URL, Curl will append the local file name. NOTE that you
|
|
must use a trailing / on the last directory to really prove to Curl that there
|
|
is no file name or curl will think that your last directory name is the remote
|
|
file name to use. That will most likely cause the upload operation to fail. If
|
|
this is used on a HTTP(S) server, the PUT command will be used.
|
|
|
|
Use the file name "-" (a single dash) to use stdin instead of a given file.
|
|
Alternately, the file name "." (a single period) may be specified instead
|
|
of "-" to use stdin in non-blocking mode to allow reading server output
|
|
while stdin is being uploaded.
|
|
|
|
You can specify one -T for each URL on the command line. Each -T + URL pair
|
|
specifies what to upload and to where. curl also supports "globbing" of the -T
|
|
argument, meaning that you can upload multiple files to a single URL by using
|
|
the same URL globbing style supported in the URL, like this:
|
|
|
|
curl -T "{file1,file2}" http://www.uploadtothissite.com
|
|
|
|
or even
|
|
|
|
curl -T "img[1-1000].png" ftp://ftp.picturemania.com/upload/
|
|
.IP "--tcp-nodelay"
|
|
Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the \fIcurl_easy_setopt(3)\fP man page for
|
|
details about this option. (Added in 7.11.2)
|
|
.IP "--tftp-blksize <value>"
|
|
(TFTP) Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512). This is the block size that
|
|
curl will try to use when transferring data to or from a TFTP server. By
|
|
default 512 bytes will be used.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.20.0)
|
|
.IP "--tlsauthtype <authtype>"
|
|
Set TLS authentication type. Currently, the only supported option is "SRP",
|
|
for TLS-SRP (RFC 5054). If \fI--tlsuser\fP and \fI--tlspassword\fP are
|
|
specified but \fI--tlsauthtype\fP is not, then this option defaults to "SRP".
|
|
(Added in 7.21.4)
|
|
.IP "--tlsuser <user>"
|
|
Set username for use with the TLS authentication method specified with
|
|
\fI--tlsauthtype\fP. Requires that \fI--tlspassword\fP also be set. (Added in
|
|
7.21.4)
|
|
.IP "--tlspassword <password>"
|
|
Set password for use with the TLS authentication method specified with
|
|
\fI--tlsauthtype\fP. Requires that \fI--tlsuser\fP also be set. (Added in
|
|
7.21.4)
|
|
.IP "--tr-encoding"
|
|
(HTTP) Request a compressed Transfer-Encoding response using one of the
|
|
algorithms libcurl supports, and uncompress the data while receiving it.
|
|
|
|
(Added in 7.21.6)
|
|
.IP "--trace <file>"
|
|
Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including
|
|
descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have
|
|
the output sent to stdout.
|
|
|
|
This option overrides previous uses of \fI-v, --verbose\fP or
|
|
\fI--trace-ascii\fP.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--trace-ascii <file>"
|
|
Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including
|
|
descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have
|
|
the output sent to stdout.
|
|
|
|
This is very similar to \fI--trace\fP, but leaves out the hex part and only
|
|
shows the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output that might be easier
|
|
to read for untrained humans.
|
|
|
|
This option overrides previous uses of \fI-v, --verbose\fP or \fI--trace\fP.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--trace-time"
|
|
Prepends a time stamp to each trace or verbose line that curl displays.
|
|
(Added in 7.14.0)
|
|
.IP "-u, --user <user:password>"
|
|
Specify the user name and password to use for server authentication. Overrides
|
|
\fI-n, --netrc\fP and \fI--netrc-optional\fP.
|
|
|
|
If you just give the user name (without entering a colon) curl will prompt for
|
|
a password.
|
|
|
|
If you use an SSPI-enabled curl binary and do NTLM authentication, you can
|
|
force curl to pick up the user name and password from your environment by
|
|
simply specifying a single colon with this option: "-u :".
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-U, --proxy-user <user:password>"
|
|
Specify the user name and password to use for proxy authentication.
|
|
|
|
If you use an SSPI-enabled curl binary and do NTLM authentication, you can
|
|
force curl to pick up the user name and password from your environment by
|
|
simply specifying a single colon with this option: "-U :".
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "--url <URL>"
|
|
Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy when you want to specify
|
|
URL(s) in a config file.
|
|
|
|
This option may be used any number of times. To control where this URL is
|
|
written, use the \fI-o, --output\fP or the \fI-O, --remote-name\fP options.
|
|
.IP "-v, --verbose"
|
|
Makes the fetching more verbose/talkative. Mostly useful for debugging. A line
|
|
starting with '>' means "header data" sent by curl, '<' means "header data"
|
|
received by curl that is hidden in normal cases, and a line starting with '*'
|
|
means additional info provided by curl.
|
|
|
|
Note that if you only want HTTP headers in the output, \fI-i, --include\fP
|
|
might be the option you're looking for.
|
|
|
|
If you think this option still doesn't give you enough details, consider using
|
|
\fI--trace\fP or \fI--trace-ascii\fP instead.
|
|
|
|
This option overrides previous uses of \fI--trace-ascii\fP or \fI--trace\fP.
|
|
|
|
Use \fI-s, --silent\fP to make curl quiet.
|
|
.IP "-w, --write-out <format>"
|
|
Defines what to display on stdout after a completed and successful
|
|
operation. The format is a string that may contain plain text mixed with any
|
|
number of variables. The string can be specified as "string", to get read from
|
|
a particular file you specify it "@filename" and to tell curl to read the
|
|
format from stdin you write "@-".
|
|
|
|
The variables present in the output format will be substituted by the value or
|
|
text that curl thinks fit, as described below. All variables are specified
|
|
as %{variable_name} and to output a normal % you just write them as
|
|
%%. You can output a newline by using \\n, a carriage return with \\r and a tab
|
|
space with \\t.
|
|
|
|
.B NOTE:
|
|
The %-symbol is a special symbol in the win32-environment, where all
|
|
occurrences of % must be doubled when using this option.
|
|
|
|
The variables available at this point are:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP 15
|
|
.B url_effective
|
|
The URL that was fetched last. This is most meaningful if you've told curl
|
|
to follow location: headers.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B filename_effective
|
|
The ultimate filename that curl writes out to. This is only meaningful if curl
|
|
is told to write to a file with the --remote-name or --output option. It's most
|
|
useful in combination with the --remote-header-name option. (Added in 7.25.1)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http_code
|
|
The numerical response code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP(S) or
|
|
FTP(s) transfer. In 7.18.2 the alias \fBresponse_code\fP was added to show the
|
|
same info.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http_connect
|
|
The numerical code that was found in the last response (from a proxy) to a
|
|
curl CONNECT request. (Added in 7.12.4)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_total
|
|
The total time, in seconds, that the full operation lasted. The time will be
|
|
displayed with millisecond resolution.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_namelookup
|
|
The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was
|
|
completed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_connect
|
|
The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the TCP connect to the
|
|
remote host (or proxy) was completed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_appconnect
|
|
The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc
|
|
connect/handshake to the remote host was completed. (Added in 7.19.0)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_pretransfer
|
|
The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer was just
|
|
about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations that
|
|
are specific to the particular protocol(s) involved.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_redirect
|
|
The time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps include name lookup,
|
|
connect, pretransfer and transfer before the final transaction was
|
|
started. time_redirect shows the complete execution time for multiple
|
|
redirections. (Added in 7.12.3)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time_starttransfer
|
|
The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte was just about
|
|
to be transferred. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the
|
|
server needed to calculate the result.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B size_download
|
|
The total amount of bytes that were downloaded.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B size_upload
|
|
The total amount of bytes that were uploaded.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B size_header
|
|
The total amount of bytes of the downloaded headers.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B size_request
|
|
The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B speed_download
|
|
The average download speed that curl measured for the complete download. Bytes
|
|
per second.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B speed_upload
|
|
The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete upload. Bytes per
|
|
second.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B content_type
|
|
The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B num_connects
|
|
Number of new connects made in the recent transfer. (Added in 7.12.3)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B num_redirects
|
|
Number of redirects that were followed in the request. (Added in 7.12.3)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redirect_url
|
|
When a HTTP request was made without -L to follow redirects, this variable
|
|
will show the actual URL a redirect \fIwould\fP take you to. (Added in 7.18.2)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ftp_entry_path
|
|
The initial path libcurl ended up in when logging on to the remote FTP
|
|
server. (Added in 7.15.4)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ssl_verify_result
|
|
The result of the SSL peer certificate verification that was requested. 0
|
|
means the verification was successful. (Added in 7.19.0)
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-x, --proxy <[protocol://][user:password@]proxyhost[:port]>"
|
|
Use the specified HTTP proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is
|
|
assumed at port 1080.
|
|
|
|
This option overrides existing environment variables that set the proxy to
|
|
use. If there's an environment variable setting a proxy, you can set proxy to
|
|
\&"" to override it.
|
|
|
|
All operations that are performed over a HTTP proxy will transparently be
|
|
converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol specific operations might
|
|
not be available. This is not the case if you can tunnel through the proxy, as
|
|
one with the \fI-p, --proxytunnel\fP option.
|
|
|
|
User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are URL decoded
|
|
by libcurl. This allows you to pass in special characters such as @ by using
|
|
%40 or pass in a colon with %3a.
|
|
|
|
The proxy host can be specified the exact same way as the proxy environment
|
|
variables, including the protocol prefix (http://) and the embedded user +
|
|
password.
|
|
|
|
From 7.21.7, the proxy string may be specified with a protocol:// prefix to
|
|
specify alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or
|
|
socks5h:// to request the specific SOCKS version to be used. No protocol
|
|
specified, http:// and all others will be treated as HTTP proxies.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-X, --request <command>"
|
|
(HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicating with the
|
|
HTTP server. The specified request will be used instead of the method
|
|
otherwise used (which defaults to GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for
|
|
details and explanations. Common additional HTTP requests include PUT and
|
|
DELETE, but related technologies like WebDAV offers PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE and
|
|
more.
|
|
|
|
(FTP)
|
|
Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when doing file lists
|
|
with FTP.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
|
|
.IP "--xattr"
|
|
When saving output to a file, this option tells curl to store certain file
|
|
metadata in extened file attributes. Currently, the URL is stored in the
|
|
xdg.origin.url attribute and, for HTTP, the content type is stored in
|
|
the mime_type attribute. If the file system does not support extended
|
|
attributes, a warning is issued.
|
|
|
|
.IP "-y, --speed-time <time>"
|
|
If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per second during a speed-time
|
|
period, the download gets aborted. If speed-time is used, the default
|
|
speed-limit will be 1 unless set with -Y.
|
|
|
|
This option controls transfers and thus will not affect slow connects etc. If
|
|
this is a concern for you, try the \fI--connect-timeout\fP option.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-Y, --speed-limit <speed>"
|
|
If a download is slower than this given speed (in bytes per second) for
|
|
speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time is set with -y and is 30 if
|
|
not set.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-z/--time-cond <date expression>|<file>"
|
|
(HTTP/FTP) Request a file that has been modified later than the given time and
|
|
date, or one that has been modified before that time. The <date expression> can
|
|
be all sorts of date strings or if it doesn't match any internal ones, it is
|
|
taken as a filename and tries to get the modification date (mtime) from <file>
|
|
instead. See the \fIcurl_getdate(3)\fP man pages for date expression details.
|
|
|
|
Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it request for a document
|
|
that is older than the given date/time, default is a document that is newer
|
|
than the specified date/time.
|
|
|
|
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
|
|
.IP "-h, --help"
|
|
Usage help.
|
|
.IP "-M, --manual"
|
|
Manual. Display the huge help text.
|
|
.IP "-V, --version"
|
|
Displays information about curl and the libcurl version it uses.
|
|
|
|
The first line includes the full version of curl, libcurl and other 3rd party
|
|
libraries linked with the executable.
|
|
|
|
The second line (starts with "Protocols:") shows all protocols that libcurl
|
|
reports to support.
|
|
|
|
The third line (starts with "Features:") shows specific features libcurl
|
|
reports to offer. Available features include:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP "IPv6"
|
|
You can use IPv6 with this.
|
|
.IP "krb4"
|
|
Krb4 for FTP is supported.
|
|
.IP "SSL"
|
|
HTTPS and FTPS are supported.
|
|
.IP "libz"
|
|
Automatic decompression of compressed files over HTTP is supported.
|
|
.IP "NTLM"
|
|
NTLM authentication is supported.
|
|
.IP "GSS-Negotiate"
|
|
Negotiate authentication and krb5 for FTP is supported.
|
|
.IP "Debug"
|
|
This curl uses a libcurl built with Debug. This enables more error-tracking
|
|
and memory debugging etc. For curl-developers only!
|
|
.IP "AsynchDNS"
|
|
This curl uses asynchronous name resolves.
|
|
.IP "SPNEGO"
|
|
SPNEGO Negotiate authentication is supported.
|
|
.IP "Largefile"
|
|
This curl supports transfers of large files, files larger than 2GB.
|
|
.IP "IDN"
|
|
This curl supports IDN - international domain names.
|
|
.IP "SSPI"
|
|
SSPI is supported. If you use NTLM and set a blank user name, curl will
|
|
authenticate with your current user and password.
|
|
.IP "TLS-SRP"
|
|
SRP (Secure Remote Password) authentication is supported for TLS.
|
|
.IP "Metalink"
|
|
This curl supports Metalink (both version 3 and 4 (RFC 5854)), which
|
|
describes mirrors and hashes. curl will use mirrors for failover if
|
|
there are errors (such as the file or server not being available).
|
|
.RE
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.I ~/.curlrc
|
|
.RS
|
|
Default config file, see \fI-K, --config\fP for details.
|
|
.SH ENVIRONMENT
|
|
The environment variables can be specified in lower case or upper case. The
|
|
lower case version has precedence. http_proxy is an exception as it is only
|
|
available in lower case.
|
|
|
|
Using an environment variable to set the proxy has the same effect as using
|
|
the \fI--proxy\fP option.
|
|
|
|
.IP "http_proxy [protocol://]<host>[:port]"
|
|
Sets the proxy server to use for HTTP.
|
|
.IP "HTTPS_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]"
|
|
Sets the proxy server to use for HTTPS.
|
|
.IP "[url-protocol]_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]"
|
|
Sets the proxy server to use for [url-protocol], where the protocol is a
|
|
protocol that curl supports and as specified in a URL. FTP, FTPS, POP3, IMAP,
|
|
SMTP, LDAP etc.
|
|
.IP "ALL_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]"
|
|
Sets the proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy is set.
|
|
.IP "NO_PROXY <comma-separated list of hosts>"
|
|
list of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy. If set to a asterisk
|
|
\&'*' only, it matches all hosts.
|
|
.SH "PROXY PROTOCOL PREFIXES"
|
|
Since curl version 7.21.7, the proxy string may be specified with a
|
|
protocol:// prefix to specify alternative proxy protocols.
|
|
|
|
If no protocol is specified in the proxy string or if the string doesn't match
|
|
a supported one, the proxy will be treated as a HTTP proxy.
|
|
|
|
The supported proxy protocol prefixes are as follows:
|
|
.IP "socks4://"
|
|
Makes it the equivalent of \fI--socks4\fP
|
|
.IP "socks4a://"
|
|
Makes it the equivalent of \fI--socks4a\fP
|
|
.IP "socks5://"
|
|
Makes it the equivalent of \fI--socks5\fP
|
|
.IP "socks5h://"
|
|
Makes it the equivalent of \fI--socks5-hostname\fP
|
|
.SH EXIT CODES
|
|
There are a bunch of different error codes and their corresponding error
|
|
messages that may appear during bad conditions. At the time of this writing,
|
|
the exit codes are:
|
|
.IP 1
|
|
Unsupported protocol. This build of curl has no support for this protocol.
|
|
.IP 2
|
|
Failed to initialize.
|
|
.IP 3
|
|
URL malformed. The syntax was not correct.
|
|
.IP 4
|
|
A feature or option that was needed to perform the desired request was not
|
|
enabled or was explicitly disabled at build-time. To make curl able to do
|
|
this, you probably need another build of libcurl!
|
|
.IP 5
|
|
Couldn't resolve proxy. The given proxy host could not be resolved.
|
|
.IP 6
|
|
Couldn't resolve host. The given remote host was not resolved.
|
|
.IP 7
|
|
Failed to connect to host.
|
|
.IP 8
|
|
FTP weird server reply. The server sent data curl couldn't parse.
|
|
.IP 9
|
|
FTP access denied. The server denied login or denied access to the particular
|
|
resource or directory you wanted to reach. Most often you tried to change to a
|
|
directory that doesn't exist on the server.
|
|
.IP 11
|
|
FTP weird PASS reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to the PASS request.
|
|
.IP 13
|
|
FTP weird PASV reply, Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to the PASV request.
|
|
.IP 14
|
|
FTP weird 227 format. Curl couldn't parse the 227-line the server sent.
|
|
.IP 15
|
|
FTP can't get host. Couldn't resolve the host IP we got in the 227-line.
|
|
.IP 17
|
|
FTP couldn't set binary. Couldn't change transfer method to binary.
|
|
.IP 18
|
|
Partial file. Only a part of the file was transferred.
|
|
.IP 19
|
|
FTP couldn't download/access the given file, the RETR (or similar) command
|
|
failed.
|
|
.IP 21
|
|
FTP quote error. A quote command returned error from the server.
|
|
.IP 22
|
|
HTTP page not retrieved. The requested url was not found or returned another
|
|
error with the HTTP error code being 400 or above. This return code only
|
|
appears if \fI-f, --fail\fP is used.
|
|
.IP 23
|
|
Write error. Curl couldn't write data to a local filesystem or similar.
|
|
.IP 25
|
|
FTP couldn't STOR file. The server denied the STOR operation, used for FTP
|
|
uploading.
|
|
.IP 26
|
|
Read error. Various reading problems.
|
|
.IP 27
|
|
Out of memory. A memory allocation request failed.
|
|
.IP 28
|
|
Operation timeout. The specified time-out period was reached according to the
|
|
conditions.
|
|
.IP 30
|
|
FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed. Not all FTP servers support the PORT
|
|
command, try doing a transfer using PASV instead!
|
|
.IP 31
|
|
FTP couldn't use REST. The REST command failed. This command is used for
|
|
resumed FTP transfers.
|
|
.IP 33
|
|
HTTP range error. The range "command" didn't work.
|
|
.IP 34
|
|
HTTP post error. Internal post-request generation error.
|
|
.IP 35
|
|
SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed.
|
|
.IP 36
|
|
FTP bad download resume. Couldn't continue an earlier aborted download.
|
|
.IP 37
|
|
FILE couldn't read file. Failed to open the file. Permissions?
|
|
.IP 38
|
|
LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed.
|
|
.IP 39
|
|
LDAP search failed.
|
|
.IP 41
|
|
Function not found. A required LDAP function was not found.
|
|
.IP 42
|
|
Aborted by callback. An application told curl to abort the operation.
|
|
.IP 43
|
|
Internal error. A function was called with a bad parameter.
|
|
.IP 45
|
|
Interface error. A specified outgoing interface could not be used.
|
|
.IP 47
|
|
Too many redirects. When following redirects, curl hit the maximum amount.
|
|
.IP 48
|
|
Unknown option specified to libcurl. This indicates that you passed a weird
|
|
option to curl that was passed on to libcurl and rejected. Read up in the
|
|
manual!
|
|
.IP 49
|
|
Malformed telnet option.
|
|
.IP 51
|
|
The peer's SSL certificate or SSH MD5 fingerprint was not OK.
|
|
.IP 52
|
|
The server didn't reply anything, which here is considered an error.
|
|
.IP 53
|
|
SSL crypto engine not found.
|
|
.IP 54
|
|
Cannot set SSL crypto engine as default.
|
|
.IP 55
|
|
Failed sending network data.
|
|
.IP 56
|
|
Failure in receiving network data.
|
|
.IP 58
|
|
Problem with the local certificate.
|
|
.IP 59
|
|
Couldn't use specified SSL cipher.
|
|
.IP 60
|
|
Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates.
|
|
.IP 61
|
|
Unrecognized transfer encoding.
|
|
.IP 62
|
|
Invalid LDAP URL.
|
|
.IP 63
|
|
Maximum file size exceeded.
|
|
.IP 64
|
|
Requested FTP SSL level failed.
|
|
.IP 65
|
|
Sending the data requires a rewind that failed.
|
|
.IP 66
|
|
Failed to initialise SSL Engine.
|
|
.IP 67
|
|
The user name, password, or similar was not accepted and curl failed to log in.
|
|
.IP 68
|
|
File not found on TFTP server.
|
|
.IP 69
|
|
Permission problem on TFTP server.
|
|
.IP 70
|
|
Out of disk space on TFTP server.
|
|
.IP 71
|
|
Illegal TFTP operation.
|
|
.IP 72
|
|
Unknown TFTP transfer ID.
|
|
.IP 73
|
|
File already exists (TFTP).
|
|
.IP 74
|
|
No such user (TFTP).
|
|
.IP 75
|
|
Character conversion failed.
|
|
.IP 76
|
|
Character conversion functions required.
|
|
.IP 77
|
|
Problem with reading the SSL CA cert (path? access rights?).
|
|
.IP 78
|
|
The resource referenced in the URL does not exist.
|
|
.IP 79
|
|
An unspecified error occurred during the SSH session.
|
|
.IP 80
|
|
Failed to shut down the SSL connection.
|
|
.IP 82
|
|
Could not load CRL file, missing or wrong format (added in 7.19.0).
|
|
.IP 83
|
|
Issuer check failed (added in 7.19.0).
|
|
.IP 84
|
|
The FTP PRET command failed
|
|
.IP 85
|
|
RTSP: mismatch of CSeq numbers
|
|
.IP 86
|
|
RTSP: mismatch of Session Identifiers
|
|
.IP 87
|
|
unable to parse FTP file list
|
|
.IP 88
|
|
FTP chunk callback reported error
|
|
.IP XX
|
|
More error codes will appear here in future releases. The existing ones
|
|
are meant to never change.
|
|
.SH AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
|
|
Daniel Stenberg is the main author, but the whole list of contributors is
|
|
found in the separate THANKS file.
|
|
.SH WWW
|
|
http://curl.haxx.se
|
|
.SH FTP
|
|
ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/www/utilities/curl/
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.BR ftp (1),
|
|
.BR wget (1)
|