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docs/TheArtOfHttpScripting
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Online: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/httpscripting.shtml Online: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/httpscripting.shtml
Author: Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se> Author: Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se>
Date: October 31, 2001 Date: November 6, 2001
Version: 0.5 Version: 0.6
The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl The Art Of Scripting HTTP Requests Using Curl
============================================= =============================================
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All HTTP replies contain a set of headers that are normally hidden, use All HTTP replies contain a set of headers that are normally hidden, use
curl's -i option to display them as well as the rest of the document. You can curl's -i option to display them as well as the rest of the document. You can
also ask the remote server for ONLY the headers by using the -I option. also ask the remote server for ONLY the headers by using the -I option (which
will make curl issue a HEAD request).
4. Forms 4. Forms
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And to use curl to post this form with the same data filled in as before, we And to use curl to post this form with the same data filled in as before, we
could do it like: could do it like:
curl -d "birthyear=1905&press=OK" www.hotmail.com/when/junk.cgi curl -d "birthyear=1905&press=%20OK%20" www.hotmail.com/when/junk.cgi
This kind of POST will use the Content-Type This kind of POST will use the Content-Type
application/x-www-form-urlencoded and is the most widely used POST kind. application/x-www-form-urlencoded and is the most widely used POST kind.
The data you send to the server MUST already be properly encoded, curl will
not do that for you. For example, if you want the data to contain a space,
you need to replace that space with %20 etc. Failing to comply with this
will most likely cause your data to be received wrongly and messed up.
4.3 FILE UPLOAD POST 4.3 FILE UPLOAD POST
Back in late 1995 they defined a new way to post data over HTTP. It was Back in late 1995 they defined a new way to post data over HTTP. It was
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Authentication is the ability to tell the server your username and password Authentication is the ability to tell the server your username and password
so that it can verify that you're allowed to do the request you're doing. The so that it can verify that you're allowed to do the request you're doing. The
basic authentication used in HTTP is *plain* *text* based, which means it Basic authentication used in HTTP (which is the type curl uses by default) is
sends username and password only slightly obfuscated, but still fully *plain* *text* based, which means it sends username and password only
readable by anyone that sniffs on the network between you and the remote slightly obfuscated, but still fully readable by anyone that sniffs on the
server. network between you and the remote server.
To tell curl to use a user and password for authentication: To tell curl to use a user and password for authentication:
curl -u name:password www.secrets.com curl -u name:password www.secrets.com
The site might require a different authentication method (check the headers
returned by the server), and then --ntlm, --digest, --negotiate or even
--anyauth might be options that suit you.
Sometimes your HTTP access is only available through the use of a HTTP Sometimes your HTTP access is only available through the use of a HTTP
proxy. This seems to be especially common at various companies. A HTTP proxy proxy. This seems to be especially common at various companies. A HTTP proxy
may require its own user and password to allow the client to get through to may require its own user and password to allow the client to get through to
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curl -U proxyuser:proxypassword curl.haxx.se curl -U proxyuser:proxypassword curl.haxx.se
If your proxy requires the authentication to be done using the NTLM method,
use --proxy-ntlm.
If you use any one these user+password options but leave out the password If you use any one these user+password options but leave out the password
part, curl will prompt for the password interactively. part, curl will prompt for the password interactively.
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curl -D headers_and_cookies www.cookiesite.com curl -D headers_and_cookies www.cookiesite.com
(Take note that the -c option described below is a better way to store
cookies.)
Curl has a full blown cookie parsing engine built-in that comes to use if you Curl has a full blown cookie parsing engine built-in that comes to use if you
want to reconnect to a server and use cookies that were stored from a want to reconnect to a server and use cookies that were stored from a
previous connection (or handicrafted manually to fool the server into previous connection (or handicrafted manually to fool the server into
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curl -E mycert.pem https://that.secure.server.com curl -E mycert.pem https://that.secure.server.com
curl also tries to verify that the server is who it claims to be, by
verifying the server's certificate against a CA cert bundle. Failing the
verification will cause curl to deny the connection. You must then use -k in
case you want to tell curl to ignore that the server can't be verified.
12. REFERENCES 12. REFERENCES
RFC 2616 is a must to read if you want in-depth understanding of the HTTP RFC 2616 is a must to read if you want in-depth understanding of the HTTP