2368 lines
83 KiB
Python
2368 lines
83 KiB
Python
# postgresql/base.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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"""
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.. dialect:: postgresql
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:name: PostgreSQL
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Sequences/SERIAL
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----------------
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PostgreSQL supports sequences, and SQLAlchemy uses these as the default means
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of creating new primary key values for integer-based primary key columns. When
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creating tables, SQLAlchemy will issue the ``SERIAL`` datatype for
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integer-based primary key columns, which generates a sequence and server side
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default corresponding to the column.
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To specify a specific named sequence to be used for primary key generation,
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use the :func:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Sequence` construct::
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Table('sometable', metadata,
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Column('id', Integer, Sequence('some_id_seq'), primary_key=True)
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)
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When SQLAlchemy issues a single INSERT statement, to fulfill the contract of
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having the "last insert identifier" available, a RETURNING clause is added to
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the INSERT statement which specifies the primary key columns should be
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returned after the statement completes. The RETURNING functionality only takes
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place if Postgresql 8.2 or later is in use. As a fallback approach, the
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sequence, whether specified explicitly or implicitly via ``SERIAL``, is
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executed independently beforehand, the returned value to be used in the
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subsequent insert. Note that when an
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:func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.insert()` construct is executed using
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"executemany" semantics, the "last inserted identifier" functionality does not
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apply; no RETURNING clause is emitted nor is the sequence pre-executed in this
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case.
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To force the usage of RETURNING by default off, specify the flag
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``implicit_returning=False`` to :func:`.create_engine`.
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.. _postgresql_isolation_level:
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Transaction Isolation Level
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---------------------------
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All Postgresql dialects support setting of transaction isolation level
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both via a dialect-specific parameter ``isolation_level``
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accepted by :func:`.create_engine`,
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as well as the ``isolation_level`` argument as passed to :meth:`.Connection.execution_options`.
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When using a non-psycopg2 dialect, this feature works by issuing the
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command ``SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
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<level>`` for each new connection.
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To set isolation level using :func:`.create_engine`::
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engine = create_engine(
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"postgresql+pg8000://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
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isolation_level="READ UNCOMMITTED"
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)
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To set using per-connection execution options::
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connection = engine.connect()
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connection = connection.execution_options(isolation_level="READ COMMITTED")
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Valid values for ``isolation_level`` include:
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* ``READ COMMITTED``
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* ``READ UNCOMMITTED``
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* ``REPEATABLE READ``
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* ``SERIALIZABLE``
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The :mod:`~sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.psycopg2` dialect also offers the special level ``AUTOCOMMIT``. See
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:ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level` for details.
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.. _postgresql_schema_reflection:
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Remote-Schema Table Introspection and Postgresql search_path
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------------------------------------------------------------
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The Postgresql dialect can reflect tables from any schema. The
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:paramref:`.Table.schema` argument, or alternatively the
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:paramref:`.MetaData.reflect.schema` argument determines which schema will
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be searched for the table or tables. The reflected :class:`.Table` objects
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will in all cases retain this ``.schema`` attribute as was specified. However,
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with regards to tables which these :class:`.Table` objects refer to via
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foreign key constraint, a decision must be made as to how the ``.schema``
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is represented in those remote tables, in the case where that remote
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schema name is also a member of the current
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`Postgresql search path <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH>`_.
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By default, the Postgresql dialect mimics the behavior encouraged by
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Postgresql's own ``pg_get_constraintdef()`` builtin procedure. This function
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returns a sample definition for a particular foreign key constraint,
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omitting the referenced schema name from that definition when the name is
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also in the Postgresql schema search path. The interaction below
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illustrates this behavior::
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test=> CREATE TABLE test_schema.referred(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
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CREATE TABLE
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test=> CREATE TABLE referring(
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test(> id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
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test(> referred_id INTEGER REFERENCES test_schema.referred(id));
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CREATE TABLE
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test=> SET search_path TO public, test_schema;
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test=> SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true) FROM
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test-> pg_catalog.pg_class c JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
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test-> JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint r ON c.oid = r.conrelid
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test-> WHERE c.relname='referring' AND r.contype = 'f'
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test-> ;
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pg_get_constraintdef
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---------------------------------------------------
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FOREIGN KEY (referred_id) REFERENCES referred(id)
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(1 row)
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Above, we created a table ``referred`` as a member of the remote schema ``test_schema``, however
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when we added ``test_schema`` to the PG ``search_path`` and then asked ``pg_get_constraintdef()``
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for the ``FOREIGN KEY`` syntax, ``test_schema`` was not included in the
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output of the function.
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On the other hand, if we set the search path back to the typical default
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of ``public``::
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test=> SET search_path TO public;
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SET
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The same query against ``pg_get_constraintdef()`` now returns the fully
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schema-qualified name for us::
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test=> SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true) FROM
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test-> pg_catalog.pg_class c JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
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test-> JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint r ON c.oid = r.conrelid
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test-> WHERE c.relname='referring' AND r.contype = 'f';
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pg_get_constraintdef
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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FOREIGN KEY (referred_id) REFERENCES test_schema.referred(id)
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(1 row)
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SQLAlchemy will by default use the return value of ``pg_get_constraintdef()``
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in order to determine the remote schema name. That is, if our ``search_path``
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were set to include ``test_schema``, and we invoked a table
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reflection process as follows::
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>>> from sqlalchemy import Table, MetaData, create_engine
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>>> engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test")
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>>> with engine.connect() as conn:
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... conn.execute("SET search_path TO test_schema, public")
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... meta = MetaData()
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... referring = Table('referring', meta, autoload=True, autoload_with=conn)
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...
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<sqlalchemy.engine.result.ResultProxy object at 0x101612ed0>
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The above process would deliver to the :attr:`.MetaData.tables` collection
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``referred`` table named **without** the schema::
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>>> meta.tables['referred'].schema is None
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True
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To alter the behavior of reflection such that the referred schema is maintained
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regardless of the ``search_path`` setting, use the ``postgresql_ignore_search_path``
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option, which can be specified as a dialect-specific argument to both
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:class:`.Table` as well as :meth:`.MetaData.reflect`::
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>>> with engine.connect() as conn:
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... conn.execute("SET search_path TO test_schema, public")
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... meta = MetaData()
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... referring = Table('referring', meta, autoload=True, autoload_with=conn,
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... postgresql_ignore_search_path=True)
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...
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<sqlalchemy.engine.result.ResultProxy object at 0x1016126d0>
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We will now have ``test_schema.referred`` stored as schema-qualified::
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>>> meta.tables['test_schema.referred'].schema
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'test_schema'
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.. sidebar:: Best Practices for Postgresql Schema reflection
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The description of Postgresql schema reflection behavior is complex, and is
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the product of many years of dealing with widely varied use cases and user preferences.
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But in fact, there's no need to understand any of it if you just stick to the simplest
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use pattern: leave the ``search_path`` set to its default of ``public`` only, never refer
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to the name ``public`` as an explicit schema name otherwise, and
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refer to all other schema names explicitly when building
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up a :class:`.Table` object. The options described here are only for those users
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who can't, or prefer not to, stay within these guidelines.
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Note that **in all cases**, the "default" schema is always reflected as ``None``.
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The "default" schema on Postgresql is that which is returned by the
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Postgresql ``current_schema()`` function. On a typical Postgresql installation,
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this is the name ``public``. So a table that refers to another which is
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in the ``public`` (i.e. default) schema will always have the ``.schema`` attribute
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set to ``None``.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9.2 Added the ``postgresql_ignore_search_path``
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dialect-level option accepted by :class:`.Table` and :meth:`.MetaData.reflect`.
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.. seealso::
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`The Schema Search Path <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH>`_ - on the Postgresql website.
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INSERT/UPDATE...RETURNING
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-------------------------
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The dialect supports PG 8.2's ``INSERT..RETURNING``, ``UPDATE..RETURNING`` and
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``DELETE..RETURNING`` syntaxes. ``INSERT..RETURNING`` is used by default
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for single-row INSERT statements in order to fetch newly generated
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primary key identifiers. To specify an explicit ``RETURNING`` clause,
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use the :meth:`._UpdateBase.returning` method on a per-statement basis::
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# INSERT..RETURNING
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result = table.insert().returning(table.c.col1, table.c.col2).\\
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values(name='foo')
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print result.fetchall()
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# UPDATE..RETURNING
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result = table.update().returning(table.c.col1, table.c.col2).\\
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where(table.c.name=='foo').values(name='bar')
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print result.fetchall()
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# DELETE..RETURNING
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result = table.delete().returning(table.c.col1, table.c.col2).\\
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where(table.c.name=='foo')
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print result.fetchall()
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.. _postgresql_match:
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Full Text Search
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----------------
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SQLAlchemy makes available the Postgresql ``@@`` operator via the
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:meth:`.ColumnElement.match` method on any textual column expression.
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On a Postgresql dialect, an expression like the following::
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select([sometable.c.text.match("search string")])
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will emit to the database::
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SELECT text @@ to_tsquery('search string') FROM table
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The Postgresql text search functions such as ``to_tsquery()``
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and ``to_tsvector()`` are available
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explicitly using the standard :attr:`.func` construct. For example::
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select([
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func.to_tsvector('fat cats ate rats').match('cat & rat')
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])
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Emits the equivalent of::
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SELECT to_tsvector('fat cats ate rats') @@ to_tsquery('cat & rat')
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The :class:`.postgresql.TSVECTOR` type can provide for explicit CAST::
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from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import TSVECTOR
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from sqlalchemy import select, cast
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select([cast("some text", TSVECTOR)])
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produces a statement equivalent to::
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SELECT CAST('some text' AS TSVECTOR) AS anon_1
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FROM ONLY ...
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------------------------
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The dialect supports PostgreSQL's ONLY keyword for targeting only a particular
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table in an inheritance hierarchy. This can be used to produce the
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``SELECT ... FROM ONLY``, ``UPDATE ONLY ...``, and ``DELETE FROM ONLY ...``
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syntaxes. It uses SQLAlchemy's hints mechanism::
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# SELECT ... FROM ONLY ...
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result = table.select().with_hint(table, 'ONLY', 'postgresql')
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print result.fetchall()
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# UPDATE ONLY ...
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table.update(values=dict(foo='bar')).with_hint('ONLY',
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dialect_name='postgresql')
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# DELETE FROM ONLY ...
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table.delete().with_hint('ONLY', dialect_name='postgresql')
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.. _postgresql_indexes:
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Postgresql-Specific Index Options
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---------------------------------
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Several extensions to the :class:`.Index` construct are available, specific
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to the PostgreSQL dialect.
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Partial Indexes
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Partial indexes add criterion to the index definition so that the index is
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applied to a subset of rows. These can be specified on :class:`.Index`
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using the ``postgresql_where`` keyword argument::
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Index('my_index', my_table.c.id, postgresql_where=tbl.c.value > 10)
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Operator Classes
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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PostgreSQL allows the specification of an *operator class* for each column of
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an index (see
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http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/interactive/indexes-opclass.html).
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The :class:`.Index` construct allows these to be specified via the
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``postgresql_ops`` keyword argument::
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Index('my_index', my_table.c.id, my_table.c.data,
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postgresql_ops={
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'data': 'text_pattern_ops',
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'id': 'int4_ops'
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})
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.. versionadded:: 0.7.2
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``postgresql_ops`` keyword argument to :class:`.Index` construct.
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Note that the keys in the ``postgresql_ops`` dictionary are the "key" name of
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the :class:`.Column`, i.e. the name used to access it from the ``.c``
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collection of :class:`.Table`, which can be configured to be different than
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the actual name of the column as expressed in the database.
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Index Types
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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PostgreSQL provides several index types: B-Tree, Hash, GiST, and GIN, as well
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as the ability for users to create their own (see
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http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/indexes-types.html). These can be
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specified on :class:`.Index` using the ``postgresql_using`` keyword argument::
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Index('my_index', my_table.c.data, postgresql_using='gin')
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The value passed to the keyword argument will be simply passed through to the
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underlying CREATE INDEX command, so it *must* be a valid index type for your
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version of PostgreSQL.
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"""
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from collections import defaultdict
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import re
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from ... import sql, schema, exc, util
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from ...engine import default, reflection
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from ...sql import compiler, expression, operators
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from ... import types as sqltypes
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try:
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from uuid import UUID as _python_UUID
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except ImportError:
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_python_UUID = None
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from sqlalchemy.types import INTEGER, BIGINT, SMALLINT, VARCHAR, \
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CHAR, TEXT, FLOAT, NUMERIC, \
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DATE, BOOLEAN, REAL
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RESERVED_WORDS = set(
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["all", "analyse", "analyze", "and", "any", "array", "as", "asc",
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"asymmetric", "both", "case", "cast", "check", "collate", "column",
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"constraint", "create", "current_catalog", "current_date",
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"current_role", "current_time", "current_timestamp", "current_user",
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"default", "deferrable", "desc", "distinct", "do", "else", "end",
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"except", "false", "fetch", "for", "foreign", "from", "grant", "group",
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"having", "in", "initially", "intersect", "into", "leading", "limit",
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"localtime", "localtimestamp", "new", "not", "null", "of", "off", "offset",
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"old", "on", "only", "or", "order", "placing", "primary", "references",
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"returning", "select", "session_user", "some", "symmetric", "table",
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"then", "to", "trailing", "true", "union", "unique", "user", "using",
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"variadic", "when", "where", "window", "with", "authorization",
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"between", "binary", "cross", "current_schema", "freeze", "full",
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"ilike", "inner", "is", "isnull", "join", "left", "like", "natural",
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"notnull", "outer", "over", "overlaps", "right", "similar", "verbose"
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])
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_DECIMAL_TYPES = (1231, 1700)
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_FLOAT_TYPES = (700, 701, 1021, 1022)
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_INT_TYPES = (20, 21, 23, 26, 1005, 1007, 1016)
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class BYTEA(sqltypes.LargeBinary):
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__visit_name__ = 'BYTEA'
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class DOUBLE_PRECISION(sqltypes.Float):
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__visit_name__ = 'DOUBLE_PRECISION'
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class INET(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
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__visit_name__ = "INET"
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PGInet = INET
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class CIDR(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
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__visit_name__ = "CIDR"
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PGCidr = CIDR
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class MACADDR(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
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__visit_name__ = "MACADDR"
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PGMacAddr = MACADDR
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class TIMESTAMP(sqltypes.TIMESTAMP):
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def __init__(self, timezone=False, precision=None):
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super(TIMESTAMP, self).__init__(timezone=timezone)
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self.precision = precision
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class TIME(sqltypes.TIME):
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def __init__(self, timezone=False, precision=None):
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super(TIME, self).__init__(timezone=timezone)
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self.precision = precision
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class INTERVAL(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
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"""Postgresql INTERVAL type.
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The INTERVAL type may not be supported on all DBAPIs.
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It is known to work on psycopg2 and not pg8000 or zxjdbc.
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"""
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__visit_name__ = 'INTERVAL'
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def __init__(self, precision=None):
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self.precision = precision
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@classmethod
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def _adapt_from_generic_interval(cls, interval):
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return INTERVAL(precision=interval.second_precision)
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@property
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def _type_affinity(self):
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return sqltypes.Interval
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PGInterval = INTERVAL
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class BIT(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
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__visit_name__ = 'BIT'
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def __init__(self, length=None, varying=False):
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if not varying:
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# BIT without VARYING defaults to length 1
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self.length = length or 1
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else:
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# but BIT VARYING can be unlimited-length, so no default
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self.length = length
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self.varying = varying
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PGBit = BIT
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class UUID(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
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"""Postgresql UUID type.
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Represents the UUID column type, interpreting
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data either as natively returned by the DBAPI
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or as Python uuid objects.
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The UUID type may not be supported on all DBAPIs.
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It is known to work on psycopg2 and not pg8000.
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"""
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__visit_name__ = 'UUID'
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def __init__(self, as_uuid=False):
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"""Construct a UUID type.
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:param as_uuid=False: if True, values will be interpreted
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as Python uuid objects, converting to/from string via the
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DBAPI.
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"""
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if as_uuid and _python_UUID is None:
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raise NotImplementedError(
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"This version of Python does not support the native UUID type."
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)
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self.as_uuid = as_uuid
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def bind_processor(self, dialect):
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if self.as_uuid:
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def process(value):
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if value is not None:
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value = util.text_type(value)
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return value
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return process
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|
else:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
|
|
if self.as_uuid:
|
|
def process(value):
|
|
if value is not None:
|
|
value = _python_UUID(value)
|
|
return value
|
|
return process
|
|
else:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
PGUuid = UUID
|
|
|
|
class TSVECTOR(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
|
|
"""The :class:`.postgresql.TSVECTOR` type implements the Postgresql
|
|
text search type TSVECTOR.
|
|
|
|
It can be used to do full text queries on natural language
|
|
documents.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
:ref:`postgresql_match`
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
__visit_name__ = 'TSVECTOR'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class _Slice(expression.ColumnElement):
|
|
__visit_name__ = 'slice'
|
|
type = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, slice_, source_comparator):
|
|
self.start = source_comparator._check_literal(
|
|
source_comparator.expr,
|
|
operators.getitem, slice_.start)
|
|
self.stop = source_comparator._check_literal(
|
|
source_comparator.expr,
|
|
operators.getitem, slice_.stop)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Any(expression.ColumnElement):
|
|
"""Represent the clause ``left operator ANY (right)``. ``right`` must be
|
|
an array expression.
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
:class:`.postgresql.ARRAY`
|
|
|
|
:meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.any` - ARRAY-bound method
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
__visit_name__ = 'any'
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, left, right, operator=operators.eq):
|
|
self.type = sqltypes.Boolean()
|
|
self.left = expression._literal_as_binds(left)
|
|
self.right = right
|
|
self.operator = operator
|
|
|
|
|
|
class All(expression.ColumnElement):
|
|
"""Represent the clause ``left operator ALL (right)``. ``right`` must be
|
|
an array expression.
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
:class:`.postgresql.ARRAY`
|
|
|
|
:meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.all` - ARRAY-bound method
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
__visit_name__ = 'all'
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, left, right, operator=operators.eq):
|
|
self.type = sqltypes.Boolean()
|
|
self.left = expression._literal_as_binds(left)
|
|
self.right = right
|
|
self.operator = operator
|
|
|
|
|
|
class array(expression.Tuple):
|
|
"""A Postgresql ARRAY literal.
|
|
|
|
This is used to produce ARRAY literals in SQL expressions, e.g.::
|
|
|
|
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import array
|
|
from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
|
|
from sqlalchemy import select, func
|
|
|
|
stmt = select([
|
|
array([1,2]) + array([3,4,5])
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
print stmt.compile(dialect=postgresql.dialect())
|
|
|
|
Produces the SQL::
|
|
|
|
SELECT ARRAY[%(param_1)s, %(param_2)s] ||
|
|
ARRAY[%(param_3)s, %(param_4)s, %(param_5)s]) AS anon_1
|
|
|
|
An instance of :class:`.array` will always have the datatype
|
|
:class:`.ARRAY`. The "inner" type of the array is inferred from
|
|
the values present, unless the ``type_`` keyword argument is passed::
|
|
|
|
array(['foo', 'bar'], type_=CHAR)
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.8 Added the :class:`~.postgresql.array` literal type.
|
|
|
|
See also:
|
|
|
|
:class:`.postgresql.ARRAY`
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
__visit_name__ = 'array'
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, clauses, **kw):
|
|
super(array, self).__init__(*clauses, **kw)
|
|
self.type = ARRAY(self.type)
|
|
|
|
def _bind_param(self, operator, obj):
|
|
return array(*[
|
|
expression.BindParameter(None, o, _compared_to_operator=operator,
|
|
_compared_to_type=self.type, unique=True)
|
|
for o in obj
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
def self_group(self, against=None):
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ARRAY(sqltypes.Concatenable, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
|
|
"""Postgresql ARRAY type.
|
|
|
|
Represents values as Python lists.
|
|
|
|
An :class:`.ARRAY` type is constructed given the "type"
|
|
of element::
|
|
|
|
mytable = Table("mytable", metadata,
|
|
Column("data", ARRAY(Integer))
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
The above type represents an N-dimensional array,
|
|
meaning Postgresql will interpret values with any number
|
|
of dimensions automatically. To produce an INSERT
|
|
construct that passes in a 1-dimensional array of integers::
|
|
|
|
connection.execute(
|
|
mytable.insert(),
|
|
data=[1,2,3]
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
The :class:`.ARRAY` type can be constructed given a fixed number
|
|
of dimensions::
|
|
|
|
mytable = Table("mytable", metadata,
|
|
Column("data", ARRAY(Integer, dimensions=2))
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
This has the effect of the :class:`.ARRAY` type
|
|
specifying that number of bracketed blocks when a :class:`.Table`
|
|
is used in a CREATE TABLE statement, or when the type is used
|
|
within a :func:`.expression.cast` construct; it also causes
|
|
the bind parameter and result set processing of the type
|
|
to optimize itself to expect exactly that number of dimensions.
|
|
Note that Postgresql itself still allows N dimensions with such a type.
|
|
|
|
SQL expressions of type :class:`.ARRAY` have support for "index" and
|
|
"slice" behavior. The Python ``[]`` operator works normally here, given
|
|
integer indexes or slices. Note that Postgresql arrays default
|
|
to 1-based indexing. The operator produces binary expression
|
|
constructs which will produce the appropriate SQL, both for
|
|
SELECT statements::
|
|
|
|
select([mytable.c.data[5], mytable.c.data[2:7]])
|
|
|
|
as well as UPDATE statements when the :meth:`.Update.values` method
|
|
is used::
|
|
|
|
mytable.update().values({
|
|
mytable.c.data[5]: 7,
|
|
mytable.c.data[2:7]: [1, 2, 3]
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
:class:`.ARRAY` provides special methods for containment operations,
|
|
e.g.::
|
|
|
|
mytable.c.data.contains([1, 2])
|
|
|
|
For a full list of special methods see :class:`.ARRAY.Comparator`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.8 Added support for index and slice operations
|
|
to the :class:`.ARRAY` type, including support for UPDATE
|
|
statements, and special array containment operations.
|
|
|
|
The :class:`.ARRAY` type may not be supported on all DBAPIs.
|
|
It is known to work on psycopg2 and not pg8000.
|
|
|
|
See also:
|
|
|
|
:class:`.postgresql.array` - produce a literal array value.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
__visit_name__ = 'ARRAY'
|
|
|
|
class Comparator(sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
|
|
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.ARRAY`."""
|
|
|
|
def __getitem__(self, index):
|
|
if isinstance(index, slice):
|
|
index = _Slice(index, self)
|
|
return_type = self.type
|
|
else:
|
|
return_type = self.type.item_type
|
|
return self._binary_operate(self.expr, operators.getitem, index,
|
|
result_type=return_type)
|
|
|
|
def any(self, other, operator=operators.eq):
|
|
"""Return ``other operator ANY (array)`` clause.
|
|
|
|
Argument places are switched, because ANY requires array
|
|
expression to be on the right hand-side.
|
|
|
|
E.g.::
|
|
|
|
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
|
|
|
|
conn.execute(
|
|
select([table.c.data]).where(
|
|
table.c.data.any(7, operator=operators.lt)
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
:param other: expression to be compared
|
|
:param operator: an operator object from the
|
|
:mod:`sqlalchemy.sql.operators`
|
|
package, defaults to :func:`.operators.eq`.
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
:class:`.postgresql.Any`
|
|
|
|
:meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.all`
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
return Any(other, self.expr, operator=operator)
|
|
|
|
def all(self, other, operator=operators.eq):
|
|
"""Return ``other operator ALL (array)`` clause.
|
|
|
|
Argument places are switched, because ALL requires array
|
|
expression to be on the right hand-side.
|
|
|
|
E.g.::
|
|
|
|
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
|
|
|
|
conn.execute(
|
|
select([table.c.data]).where(
|
|
table.c.data.all(7, operator=operators.lt)
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
:param other: expression to be compared
|
|
:param operator: an operator object from the
|
|
:mod:`sqlalchemy.sql.operators`
|
|
package, defaults to :func:`.operators.eq`.
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
:class:`.postgresql.All`
|
|
|
|
:meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.any`
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
return All(other, self.expr, operator=operator)
|
|
|
|
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Boolean expression. Test if elements are a superset of the
|
|
elements of the argument array expression.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.expr.op('@>')(other)
|
|
|
|
def contained_by(self, other):
|
|
"""Boolean expression. Test if elements are a proper subset of the
|
|
elements of the argument array expression.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.expr.op('<@')(other)
|
|
|
|
def overlap(self, other):
|
|
"""Boolean expression. Test if array has elements in common with
|
|
an argument array expression.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.expr.op('&&')(other)
|
|
|
|
def _adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator):
|
|
if isinstance(op, operators.custom_op):
|
|
if op.opstring in ['@>', '<@', '&&']:
|
|
return op, sqltypes.Boolean
|
|
return sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator.\
|
|
_adapt_expression(self, op, other_comparator)
|
|
|
|
comparator_factory = Comparator
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, item_type, as_tuple=False, dimensions=None):
|
|
"""Construct an ARRAY.
|
|
|
|
E.g.::
|
|
|
|
Column('myarray', ARRAY(Integer))
|
|
|
|
Arguments are:
|
|
|
|
:param item_type: The data type of items of this array. Note that
|
|
dimensionality is irrelevant here, so multi-dimensional arrays like
|
|
``INTEGER[][]``, are constructed as ``ARRAY(Integer)``, not as
|
|
``ARRAY(ARRAY(Integer))`` or such.
|
|
|
|
:param as_tuple=False: Specify whether return results
|
|
should be converted to tuples from lists. DBAPIs such
|
|
as psycopg2 return lists by default. When tuples are
|
|
returned, the results are hashable.
|
|
|
|
:param dimensions: if non-None, the ARRAY will assume a fixed
|
|
number of dimensions. This will cause the DDL emitted for this
|
|
ARRAY to include the exact number of bracket clauses ``[]``,
|
|
and will also optimize the performance of the type overall.
|
|
Note that PG arrays are always implicitly "non-dimensioned",
|
|
meaning they can store any number of dimensions no matter how
|
|
they were declared.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
if isinstance(item_type, ARRAY):
|
|
raise ValueError("Do not nest ARRAY types; ARRAY(basetype) "
|
|
"handles multi-dimensional arrays of basetype")
|
|
if isinstance(item_type, type):
|
|
item_type = item_type()
|
|
self.item_type = item_type
|
|
self.as_tuple = as_tuple
|
|
self.dimensions = dimensions
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def python_type(self):
|
|
return list
|
|
|
|
def compare_values(self, x, y):
|
|
return x == y
|
|
|
|
def _proc_array(self, arr, itemproc, dim, collection):
|
|
if dim is None:
|
|
arr = list(arr)
|
|
if dim == 1 or dim is None and (
|
|
# this has to be (list, tuple), or at least
|
|
# not hasattr('__iter__'), since Py3K strings
|
|
# etc. have __iter__
|
|
not arr or not isinstance(arr[0], (list, tuple))):
|
|
if itemproc:
|
|
return collection(itemproc(x) for x in arr)
|
|
else:
|
|
return collection(arr)
|
|
else:
|
|
return collection(
|
|
self._proc_array(
|
|
x, itemproc,
|
|
dim - 1 if dim is not None else None,
|
|
collection)
|
|
for x in arr
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
|
|
item_proc = self.item_type.\
|
|
dialect_impl(dialect).\
|
|
bind_processor(dialect)
|
|
|
|
def process(value):
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
return value
|
|
else:
|
|
return self._proc_array(
|
|
value,
|
|
item_proc,
|
|
self.dimensions,
|
|
list)
|
|
return process
|
|
|
|
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
|
|
item_proc = self.item_type.\
|
|
dialect_impl(dialect).\
|
|
result_processor(dialect, coltype)
|
|
|
|
def process(value):
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
return value
|
|
else:
|
|
return self._proc_array(
|
|
value,
|
|
item_proc,
|
|
self.dimensions,
|
|
tuple if self.as_tuple else list)
|
|
return process
|
|
|
|
PGArray = ARRAY
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ENUM(sqltypes.Enum):
|
|
"""Postgresql ENUM type.
|
|
|
|
This is a subclass of :class:`.types.Enum` which includes
|
|
support for PG's ``CREATE TYPE``.
|
|
|
|
:class:`~.postgresql.ENUM` is used automatically when
|
|
using the :class:`.types.Enum` type on PG assuming
|
|
the ``native_enum`` is left as ``True``. However, the
|
|
:class:`~.postgresql.ENUM` class can also be instantiated
|
|
directly in order to access some additional Postgresql-specific
|
|
options, namely finer control over whether or not
|
|
``CREATE TYPE`` should be emitted.
|
|
|
|
Note that both :class:`.types.Enum` as well as
|
|
:class:`~.postgresql.ENUM` feature create/drop
|
|
methods; the base :class:`.types.Enum` type ultimately
|
|
delegates to the :meth:`~.postgresql.ENUM.create` and
|
|
:meth:`~.postgresql.ENUM.drop` methods present here.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *enums, **kw):
|
|
"""Construct an :class:`~.postgresql.ENUM`.
|
|
|
|
Arguments are the same as that of
|
|
:class:`.types.Enum`, but also including
|
|
the following parameters.
|
|
|
|
:param create_type: Defaults to True.
|
|
Indicates that ``CREATE TYPE`` should be
|
|
emitted, after optionally checking for the
|
|
presence of the type, when the parent
|
|
table is being created; and additionally
|
|
that ``DROP TYPE`` is called when the table
|
|
is dropped. When ``False``, no check
|
|
will be performed and no ``CREATE TYPE``
|
|
or ``DROP TYPE`` is emitted, unless
|
|
:meth:`~.postgresql.ENUM.create`
|
|
or :meth:`~.postgresql.ENUM.drop`
|
|
are called directly.
|
|
Setting to ``False`` is helpful
|
|
when invoking a creation scheme to a SQL file
|
|
without access to the actual database -
|
|
the :meth:`~.postgresql.ENUM.create` and
|
|
:meth:`~.postgresql.ENUM.drop` methods can
|
|
be used to emit SQL to a target bind.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7.4
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
self.create_type = kw.pop("create_type", True)
|
|
super(ENUM, self).__init__(*enums, **kw)
|
|
|
|
def create(self, bind=None, checkfirst=True):
|
|
"""Emit ``CREATE TYPE`` for this
|
|
:class:`~.postgresql.ENUM`.
|
|
|
|
If the underlying dialect does not support
|
|
Postgresql CREATE TYPE, no action is taken.
|
|
|
|
:param bind: a connectable :class:`.Engine`,
|
|
:class:`.Connection`, or similar object to emit
|
|
SQL.
|
|
:param checkfirst: if ``True``, a query against
|
|
the PG catalog will be first performed to see
|
|
if the type does not exist already before
|
|
creating.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
if not bind.dialect.supports_native_enum:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if not checkfirst or \
|
|
not bind.dialect.has_type(bind, self.name, schema=self.schema):
|
|
bind.execute(CreateEnumType(self))
|
|
|
|
def drop(self, bind=None, checkfirst=True):
|
|
"""Emit ``DROP TYPE`` for this
|
|
:class:`~.postgresql.ENUM`.
|
|
|
|
If the underlying dialect does not support
|
|
Postgresql DROP TYPE, no action is taken.
|
|
|
|
:param bind: a connectable :class:`.Engine`,
|
|
:class:`.Connection`, or similar object to emit
|
|
SQL.
|
|
:param checkfirst: if ``True``, a query against
|
|
the PG catalog will be first performed to see
|
|
if the type actually exists before dropping.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
if not bind.dialect.supports_native_enum:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if not checkfirst or \
|
|
bind.dialect.has_type(bind, self.name, schema=self.schema):
|
|
bind.execute(DropEnumType(self))
|
|
|
|
def _check_for_name_in_memos(self, checkfirst, kw):
|
|
"""Look in the 'ddl runner' for 'memos', then
|
|
note our name in that collection.
|
|
|
|
This to ensure a particular named enum is operated
|
|
upon only once within any kind of create/drop
|
|
sequence without relying upon "checkfirst".
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self.create_type:
|
|
return True
|
|
if '_ddl_runner' in kw:
|
|
ddl_runner = kw['_ddl_runner']
|
|
if '_pg_enums' in ddl_runner.memo:
|
|
pg_enums = ddl_runner.memo['_pg_enums']
|
|
else:
|
|
pg_enums = ddl_runner.memo['_pg_enums'] = set()
|
|
present = self.name in pg_enums
|
|
pg_enums.add(self.name)
|
|
return present
|
|
else:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def _on_table_create(self, target, bind, checkfirst, **kw):
|
|
if not self._check_for_name_in_memos(checkfirst, kw):
|
|
self.create(bind=bind, checkfirst=checkfirst)
|
|
|
|
def _on_metadata_create(self, target, bind, checkfirst, **kw):
|
|
if self.metadata is not None and \
|
|
not self._check_for_name_in_memos(checkfirst, kw):
|
|
self.create(bind=bind, checkfirst=checkfirst)
|
|
|
|
def _on_metadata_drop(self, target, bind, checkfirst, **kw):
|
|
if not self._check_for_name_in_memos(checkfirst, kw):
|
|
self.drop(bind=bind, checkfirst=checkfirst)
|
|
|
|
colspecs = {
|
|
sqltypes.Interval: INTERVAL,
|
|
sqltypes.Enum: ENUM,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ischema_names = {
|
|
'integer': INTEGER,
|
|
'bigint': BIGINT,
|
|
'smallint': SMALLINT,
|
|
'character varying': VARCHAR,
|
|
'character': CHAR,
|
|
'"char"': sqltypes.String,
|
|
'name': sqltypes.String,
|
|
'text': TEXT,
|
|
'numeric': NUMERIC,
|
|
'float': FLOAT,
|
|
'real': REAL,
|
|
'inet': INET,
|
|
'cidr': CIDR,
|
|
'uuid': UUID,
|
|
'bit': BIT,
|
|
'bit varying': BIT,
|
|
'macaddr': MACADDR,
|
|
'double precision': DOUBLE_PRECISION,
|
|
'timestamp': TIMESTAMP,
|
|
'timestamp with time zone': TIMESTAMP,
|
|
'timestamp without time zone': TIMESTAMP,
|
|
'time with time zone': TIME,
|
|
'time without time zone': TIME,
|
|
'date': DATE,
|
|
'time': TIME,
|
|
'bytea': BYTEA,
|
|
'boolean': BOOLEAN,
|
|
'interval': INTERVAL,
|
|
'interval year to month': INTERVAL,
|
|
'interval day to second': INTERVAL,
|
|
'tsvector' : TSVECTOR
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
|
|
|
|
def visit_array(self, element, **kw):
|
|
return "ARRAY[%s]" % self.visit_clauselist(element, **kw)
|
|
|
|
def visit_slice(self, element, **kw):
|
|
return "%s:%s" % (
|
|
self.process(element.start, **kw),
|
|
self.process(element.stop, **kw),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_any(self, element, **kw):
|
|
return "%s%sANY (%s)" % (
|
|
self.process(element.left, **kw),
|
|
compiler.OPERATORS[element.operator],
|
|
self.process(element.right, **kw)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_all(self, element, **kw):
|
|
return "%s%sALL (%s)" % (
|
|
self.process(element.left, **kw),
|
|
compiler.OPERATORS[element.operator],
|
|
self.process(element.right, **kw)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_getitem_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
|
|
return "%s[%s]" % (
|
|
self.process(binary.left, **kw),
|
|
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_match_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
|
|
return "%s @@ to_tsquery(%s)" % (
|
|
self.process(binary.left, **kw),
|
|
self.process(binary.right, **kw))
|
|
|
|
def visit_ilike_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
|
|
escape = binary.modifiers.get("escape", None)
|
|
|
|
return '%s ILIKE %s' % \
|
|
(self.process(binary.left, **kw),
|
|
self.process(binary.right, **kw)) \
|
|
+ (
|
|
' ESCAPE ' +
|
|
self.render_literal_value(escape, sqltypes.STRINGTYPE)
|
|
if escape else ''
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_notilike_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
|
|
escape = binary.modifiers.get("escape", None)
|
|
return '%s NOT ILIKE %s' % \
|
|
(self.process(binary.left, **kw),
|
|
self.process(binary.right, **kw)) \
|
|
+ (
|
|
' ESCAPE ' +
|
|
self.render_literal_value(escape, sqltypes.STRINGTYPE)
|
|
if escape else ''
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def render_literal_value(self, value, type_):
|
|
value = super(PGCompiler, self).render_literal_value(value, type_)
|
|
|
|
if self.dialect._backslash_escapes:
|
|
value = value.replace('\\', '\\\\')
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def visit_sequence(self, seq):
|
|
return "nextval('%s')" % self.preparer.format_sequence(seq)
|
|
|
|
def limit_clause(self, select):
|
|
text = ""
|
|
if select._limit is not None:
|
|
text += " \n LIMIT " + self.process(sql.literal(select._limit))
|
|
if select._offset is not None:
|
|
if select._limit is None:
|
|
text += " \n LIMIT ALL"
|
|
text += " OFFSET " + self.process(sql.literal(select._offset))
|
|
return text
|
|
|
|
def format_from_hint_text(self, sqltext, table, hint, iscrud):
|
|
if hint.upper() != 'ONLY':
|
|
raise exc.CompileError("Unrecognized hint: %r" % hint)
|
|
return "ONLY " + sqltext
|
|
|
|
def get_select_precolumns(self, select):
|
|
if select._distinct is not False:
|
|
if select._distinct is True:
|
|
return "DISTINCT "
|
|
elif isinstance(select._distinct, (list, tuple)):
|
|
return "DISTINCT ON (" + ', '.join(
|
|
[self.process(col) for col in select._distinct]
|
|
) + ") "
|
|
else:
|
|
return "DISTINCT ON (" + self.process(select._distinct) + ") "
|
|
else:
|
|
return ""
|
|
|
|
def for_update_clause(self, select):
|
|
|
|
if select._for_update_arg.read:
|
|
tmp = " FOR SHARE"
|
|
else:
|
|
tmp = " FOR UPDATE"
|
|
|
|
if select._for_update_arg.of:
|
|
tables = util.OrderedSet(
|
|
c.table if isinstance(c, expression.ColumnClause)
|
|
else c for c in select._for_update_arg.of)
|
|
tmp += " OF " + ", ".join(
|
|
self.process(table, ashint=True)
|
|
for table in tables
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if select._for_update_arg.nowait:
|
|
tmp += " NOWAIT"
|
|
|
|
return tmp
|
|
|
|
def returning_clause(self, stmt, returning_cols):
|
|
|
|
columns = [
|
|
self._label_select_column(None, c, True, False, {})
|
|
for c in expression._select_iterables(returning_cols)
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
return 'RETURNING ' + ', '.join(columns)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def visit_substring_func(self, func, **kw):
|
|
s = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[0], **kw)
|
|
start = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[1], **kw)
|
|
if len(func.clauses.clauses) > 2:
|
|
length = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[2], **kw)
|
|
return "SUBSTRING(%s FROM %s FOR %s)" % (s, start, length)
|
|
else:
|
|
return "SUBSTRING(%s FROM %s)" % (s, start)
|
|
|
|
class PGDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
|
|
def get_column_specification(self, column, **kwargs):
|
|
|
|
colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column)
|
|
impl_type = column.type.dialect_impl(self.dialect)
|
|
if column.primary_key and \
|
|
column is column.table._autoincrement_column and \
|
|
(
|
|
self.dialect.supports_smallserial or
|
|
not isinstance(impl_type, sqltypes.SmallInteger)
|
|
) and (
|
|
column.default is None or
|
|
(
|
|
isinstance(column.default, schema.Sequence) and
|
|
column.default.optional
|
|
)):
|
|
if isinstance(impl_type, sqltypes.BigInteger):
|
|
colspec += " BIGSERIAL"
|
|
elif isinstance(impl_type, sqltypes.SmallInteger):
|
|
colspec += " SMALLSERIAL"
|
|
else:
|
|
colspec += " SERIAL"
|
|
else:
|
|
colspec += " " + self.dialect.type_compiler.process(column.type)
|
|
default = self.get_column_default_string(column)
|
|
if default is not None:
|
|
colspec += " DEFAULT " + default
|
|
|
|
if not column.nullable:
|
|
colspec += " NOT NULL"
|
|
return colspec
|
|
|
|
def visit_create_enum_type(self, create):
|
|
type_ = create.element
|
|
|
|
return "CREATE TYPE %s AS ENUM (%s)" % (
|
|
self.preparer.format_type(type_),
|
|
", ".join(
|
|
self.sql_compiler.process(sql.literal(e), literal_binds=True)
|
|
for e in type_.enums)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_drop_enum_type(self, drop):
|
|
type_ = drop.element
|
|
|
|
return "DROP TYPE %s" % (
|
|
self.preparer.format_type(type_)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_create_index(self, create):
|
|
preparer = self.preparer
|
|
index = create.element
|
|
self._verify_index_table(index)
|
|
text = "CREATE "
|
|
if index.unique:
|
|
text += "UNIQUE "
|
|
text += "INDEX %s ON %s " % (
|
|
self._prepared_index_name(index,
|
|
include_schema=False),
|
|
preparer.format_table(index.table)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
using = index.dialect_options['postgresql']['using']
|
|
if using:
|
|
text += "USING %s " % preparer.quote(using)
|
|
|
|
ops = index.dialect_options["postgresql"]["ops"]
|
|
text += "(%s)" \
|
|
% (
|
|
', '.join([
|
|
self.sql_compiler.process(
|
|
expr.self_group()
|
|
if not isinstance(expr, expression.ColumnClause)
|
|
else expr,
|
|
include_table=False, literal_binds=True) +
|
|
(c.key in ops and (' ' + ops[c.key]) or '')
|
|
for expr, c in zip(index.expressions, index.columns)])
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
whereclause = index.dialect_options["postgresql"]["where"]
|
|
|
|
if whereclause is not None:
|
|
where_compiled = self.sql_compiler.process(
|
|
whereclause, include_table=False,
|
|
literal_binds=True)
|
|
text += " WHERE " + where_compiled
|
|
return text
|
|
|
|
def visit_exclude_constraint(self, constraint):
|
|
text = ""
|
|
if constraint.name is not None:
|
|
text += "CONSTRAINT %s " % \
|
|
self.preparer.format_constraint(constraint)
|
|
elements = []
|
|
for c in constraint.columns:
|
|
op = constraint.operators[c.name]
|
|
elements.append(self.preparer.quote(c.name) + ' WITH '+op)
|
|
text += "EXCLUDE USING %s (%s)" % (constraint.using, ', '.join(elements))
|
|
if constraint.where is not None:
|
|
text += ' WHERE (%s)' % self.sql_compiler.process(
|
|
constraint.where,
|
|
literal_binds=True)
|
|
text += self.define_constraint_deferrability(constraint)
|
|
return text
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
|
|
def visit_TSVECTOR(self, type):
|
|
return "TSVECTOR"
|
|
|
|
def visit_INET(self, type_):
|
|
return "INET"
|
|
|
|
def visit_CIDR(self, type_):
|
|
return "CIDR"
|
|
|
|
def visit_MACADDR(self, type_):
|
|
return "MACADDR"
|
|
|
|
def visit_FLOAT(self, type_):
|
|
if not type_.precision:
|
|
return "FLOAT"
|
|
else:
|
|
return "FLOAT(%(precision)s)" % {'precision': type_.precision}
|
|
|
|
def visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION(self, type_):
|
|
return "DOUBLE PRECISION"
|
|
|
|
def visit_BIGINT(self, type_):
|
|
return "BIGINT"
|
|
|
|
def visit_HSTORE(self, type_):
|
|
return "HSTORE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_JSON(self, type_):
|
|
return "JSON"
|
|
|
|
def visit_INT4RANGE(self, type_):
|
|
return "INT4RANGE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_INT8RANGE(self, type_):
|
|
return "INT8RANGE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_NUMRANGE(self, type_):
|
|
return "NUMRANGE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_DATERANGE(self, type_):
|
|
return "DATERANGE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_TSRANGE(self, type_):
|
|
return "TSRANGE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_TSTZRANGE(self, type_):
|
|
return "TSTZRANGE"
|
|
|
|
def visit_datetime(self, type_):
|
|
return self.visit_TIMESTAMP(type_)
|
|
|
|
def visit_enum(self, type_):
|
|
if not type_.native_enum or not self.dialect.supports_native_enum:
|
|
return super(PGTypeCompiler, self).visit_enum(type_)
|
|
else:
|
|
return self.visit_ENUM(type_)
|
|
|
|
def visit_ENUM(self, type_):
|
|
return self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_type(type_)
|
|
|
|
def visit_TIMESTAMP(self, type_):
|
|
return "TIMESTAMP%s %s" % (
|
|
getattr(type_, 'precision', None) and "(%d)" %
|
|
type_.precision or "",
|
|
(type_.timezone and "WITH" or "WITHOUT") + " TIME ZONE"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_TIME(self, type_):
|
|
return "TIME%s %s" % (
|
|
getattr(type_, 'precision', None) and "(%d)" %
|
|
type_.precision or "",
|
|
(type_.timezone and "WITH" or "WITHOUT") + " TIME ZONE"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def visit_INTERVAL(self, type_):
|
|
if type_.precision is not None:
|
|
return "INTERVAL(%d)" % type_.precision
|
|
else:
|
|
return "INTERVAL"
|
|
|
|
def visit_BIT(self, type_):
|
|
if type_.varying:
|
|
compiled = "BIT VARYING"
|
|
if type_.length is not None:
|
|
compiled += "(%d)" % type_.length
|
|
else:
|
|
compiled = "BIT(%d)" % type_.length
|
|
return compiled
|
|
|
|
def visit_UUID(self, type_):
|
|
return "UUID"
|
|
|
|
def visit_large_binary(self, type_):
|
|
return self.visit_BYTEA(type_)
|
|
|
|
def visit_BYTEA(self, type_):
|
|
return "BYTEA"
|
|
|
|
def visit_ARRAY(self, type_):
|
|
return self.process(type_.item_type) + ('[]' * (type_.dimensions
|
|
if type_.dimensions
|
|
is not None else 1))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
|
|
|
|
reserved_words = RESERVED_WORDS
|
|
|
|
def _unquote_identifier(self, value):
|
|
if value[0] == self.initial_quote:
|
|
value = value[1:-1].\
|
|
replace(self.escape_to_quote, self.escape_quote)
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def format_type(self, type_, use_schema=True):
|
|
if not type_.name:
|
|
raise exc.CompileError("Postgresql ENUM type requires a name.")
|
|
|
|
name = self.quote(type_.name)
|
|
if not self.omit_schema and use_schema and type_.schema is not None:
|
|
name = self.quote_schema(type_.schema) + "." + name
|
|
return name
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGInspector(reflection.Inspector):
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, conn):
|
|
reflection.Inspector.__init__(self, conn)
|
|
|
|
def get_table_oid(self, table_name, schema=None):
|
|
"""Return the oid from `table_name` and `schema`."""
|
|
|
|
return self.dialect.get_table_oid(self.bind, table_name, schema,
|
|
info_cache=self.info_cache)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class CreateEnumType(schema._CreateDropBase):
|
|
__visit_name__ = "create_enum_type"
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DropEnumType(schema._CreateDropBase):
|
|
__visit_name__ = "drop_enum_type"
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
|
|
def fire_sequence(self, seq, type_):
|
|
return self._execute_scalar(("select nextval('%s')" % \
|
|
self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq)), type_)
|
|
|
|
def get_insert_default(self, column):
|
|
if column.primary_key and column is column.table._autoincrement_column:
|
|
if column.server_default and column.server_default.has_argument:
|
|
|
|
# pre-execute passive defaults on primary key columns
|
|
return self._execute_scalar("select %s" %
|
|
column.server_default.arg, column.type)
|
|
|
|
elif (column.default is None or
|
|
(column.default.is_sequence and
|
|
column.default.optional)):
|
|
|
|
# execute the sequence associated with a SERIAL primary
|
|
# key column. for non-primary-key SERIAL, the ID just
|
|
# generates server side.
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
seq_name = column._postgresql_seq_name
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
tab = column.table.name
|
|
col = column.name
|
|
tab = tab[0:29 + max(0, (29 - len(col)))]
|
|
col = col[0:29 + max(0, (29 - len(tab)))]
|
|
name = "%s_%s_seq" % (tab, col)
|
|
column._postgresql_seq_name = seq_name = name
|
|
|
|
sch = column.table.schema
|
|
if sch is not None:
|
|
exc = "select nextval('\"%s\".\"%s\"')" % \
|
|
(sch, seq_name)
|
|
else:
|
|
exc = "select nextval('\"%s\"')" % \
|
|
(seq_name, )
|
|
|
|
return self._execute_scalar(exc, column.type)
|
|
|
|
return super(PGExecutionContext, self).get_insert_default(column)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PGDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
|
|
name = 'postgresql'
|
|
supports_alter = True
|
|
max_identifier_length = 63
|
|
supports_sane_rowcount = True
|
|
|
|
supports_native_enum = True
|
|
supports_native_boolean = True
|
|
supports_smallserial = True
|
|
|
|
supports_sequences = True
|
|
sequences_optional = True
|
|
preexecute_autoincrement_sequences = True
|
|
postfetch_lastrowid = False
|
|
|
|
supports_default_values = True
|
|
supports_empty_insert = False
|
|
supports_multivalues_insert = True
|
|
default_paramstyle = 'pyformat'
|
|
ischema_names = ischema_names
|
|
colspecs = colspecs
|
|
|
|
statement_compiler = PGCompiler
|
|
ddl_compiler = PGDDLCompiler
|
|
type_compiler = PGTypeCompiler
|
|
preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer
|
|
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext
|
|
inspector = PGInspector
|
|
isolation_level = None
|
|
|
|
construct_arguments = [
|
|
(schema.Index, {
|
|
"using": False,
|
|
"where": None,
|
|
"ops": {}
|
|
}),
|
|
(schema.Table, {
|
|
"ignore_search_path": False
|
|
})
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
reflection_options = ('postgresql_ignore_search_path', )
|
|
|
|
_backslash_escapes = True
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, isolation_level=None, json_serializer=None,
|
|
json_deserializer=None, **kwargs):
|
|
default.DefaultDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
|
|
self.isolation_level = isolation_level
|
|
self._json_deserializer = json_deserializer
|
|
self._json_serializer = json_serializer
|
|
|
|
def initialize(self, connection):
|
|
super(PGDialect, self).initialize(connection)
|
|
self.implicit_returning = self.server_version_info > (8, 2) and \
|
|
self.__dict__.get('implicit_returning', True)
|
|
self.supports_native_enum = self.server_version_info >= (8, 3)
|
|
if not self.supports_native_enum:
|
|
self.colspecs = self.colspecs.copy()
|
|
# pop base Enum type
|
|
self.colspecs.pop(sqltypes.Enum, None)
|
|
# psycopg2, others may have placed ENUM here as well
|
|
self.colspecs.pop(ENUM, None)
|
|
|
|
# http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/release-9-2.html#AEN116689
|
|
self.supports_smallserial = self.server_version_info >= (9, 2)
|
|
|
|
self._backslash_escapes = self.server_version_info < (8, 2) or \
|
|
connection.scalar(
|
|
"show standard_conforming_strings"
|
|
) == 'off'
|
|
|
|
def on_connect(self):
|
|
if self.isolation_level is not None:
|
|
def connect(conn):
|
|
self.set_isolation_level(conn, self.isolation_level)
|
|
return connect
|
|
else:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
_isolation_lookup = set(['SERIALIZABLE',
|
|
'READ UNCOMMITTED', 'READ COMMITTED', 'REPEATABLE READ'])
|
|
|
|
def set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
|
|
level = level.replace('_', ' ')
|
|
if level not in self._isolation_lookup:
|
|
raise exc.ArgumentError(
|
|
"Invalid value '%s' for isolation_level. "
|
|
"Valid isolation levels for %s are %s" %
|
|
(level, self.name, ", ".join(self._isolation_lookup))
|
|
)
|
|
cursor = connection.cursor()
|
|
cursor.execute(
|
|
"SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION "
|
|
"ISOLATION LEVEL %s" % level)
|
|
cursor.execute("COMMIT")
|
|
cursor.close()
|
|
|
|
def get_isolation_level(self, connection):
|
|
cursor = connection.cursor()
|
|
cursor.execute('show transaction isolation level')
|
|
val = cursor.fetchone()[0]
|
|
cursor.close()
|
|
return val.upper()
|
|
|
|
def do_begin_twophase(self, connection, xid):
|
|
self.do_begin(connection.connection)
|
|
|
|
def do_prepare_twophase(self, connection, xid):
|
|
connection.execute("PREPARE TRANSACTION '%s'" % xid)
|
|
|
|
def do_rollback_twophase(self, connection, xid,
|
|
is_prepared=True, recover=False):
|
|
if is_prepared:
|
|
if recover:
|
|
#FIXME: ugly hack to get out of transaction
|
|
# context when committing recoverable transactions
|
|
# Must find out a way how to make the dbapi not
|
|
# open a transaction.
|
|
connection.execute("ROLLBACK")
|
|
connection.execute("ROLLBACK PREPARED '%s'" % xid)
|
|
connection.execute("BEGIN")
|
|
self.do_rollback(connection.connection)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.do_rollback(connection.connection)
|
|
|
|
def do_commit_twophase(self, connection, xid,
|
|
is_prepared=True, recover=False):
|
|
if is_prepared:
|
|
if recover:
|
|
connection.execute("ROLLBACK")
|
|
connection.execute("COMMIT PREPARED '%s'" % xid)
|
|
connection.execute("BEGIN")
|
|
self.do_rollback(connection.connection)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.do_commit(connection.connection)
|
|
|
|
def do_recover_twophase(self, connection):
|
|
resultset = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text("SELECT gid FROM pg_prepared_xacts"))
|
|
return [row[0] for row in resultset]
|
|
|
|
def _get_default_schema_name(self, connection):
|
|
return connection.scalar("select current_schema()")
|
|
|
|
def has_schema(self, connection, schema):
|
|
query = "select nspname from pg_namespace where lower(nspname)=:schema"
|
|
cursor = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text(
|
|
query,
|
|
bindparams=[
|
|
sql.bindparam(
|
|
'schema', util.text_type(schema.lower()),
|
|
type_=sqltypes.Unicode)]
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
return bool(cursor.first())
|
|
|
|
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
|
|
# seems like case gets folded in pg_class...
|
|
if schema is None:
|
|
cursor = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text(
|
|
"select relname from pg_class c join pg_namespace n on "
|
|
"n.oid=c.relnamespace where n.nspname=current_schema() and "
|
|
"relname=:name",
|
|
bindparams=[
|
|
sql.bindparam('name', util.text_type(table_name),
|
|
type_=sqltypes.Unicode)]
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
cursor = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text(
|
|
"select relname from pg_class c join pg_namespace n on "
|
|
"n.oid=c.relnamespace where n.nspname=:schema and "
|
|
"relname=:name",
|
|
bindparams=[
|
|
sql.bindparam('name',
|
|
util.text_type(table_name), type_=sqltypes.Unicode),
|
|
sql.bindparam('schema',
|
|
util.text_type(schema), type_=sqltypes.Unicode)]
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
return bool(cursor.first())
|
|
|
|
def has_sequence(self, connection, sequence_name, schema=None):
|
|
if schema is None:
|
|
cursor = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text(
|
|
"SELECT relname FROM pg_class c join pg_namespace n on "
|
|
"n.oid=c.relnamespace where relkind='S' and "
|
|
"n.nspname=current_schema() "
|
|
"and relname=:name",
|
|
bindparams=[
|
|
sql.bindparam('name', util.text_type(sequence_name),
|
|
type_=sqltypes.Unicode)
|
|
]
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
cursor = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text(
|
|
"SELECT relname FROM pg_class c join pg_namespace n on "
|
|
"n.oid=c.relnamespace where relkind='S' and "
|
|
"n.nspname=:schema and relname=:name",
|
|
bindparams=[
|
|
sql.bindparam('name', util.text_type(sequence_name),
|
|
type_=sqltypes.Unicode),
|
|
sql.bindparam('schema',
|
|
util.text_type(schema), type_=sqltypes.Unicode)
|
|
]
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
return bool(cursor.first())
|
|
|
|
def has_type(self, connection, type_name, schema=None):
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
query = """
|
|
SELECT EXISTS (
|
|
SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t, pg_catalog.pg_namespace n
|
|
WHERE t.typnamespace = n.oid
|
|
AND t.typname = :typname
|
|
AND n.nspname = :nspname
|
|
)
|
|
"""
|
|
query = sql.text(query)
|
|
else:
|
|
query = """
|
|
SELECT EXISTS (
|
|
SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t
|
|
WHERE t.typname = :typname
|
|
AND pg_type_is_visible(t.oid)
|
|
)
|
|
"""
|
|
query = sql.text(query)
|
|
query = query.bindparams(
|
|
sql.bindparam('typname',
|
|
util.text_type(type_name), type_=sqltypes.Unicode),
|
|
)
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
query = query.bindparams(
|
|
sql.bindparam('nspname',
|
|
util.text_type(schema), type_=sqltypes.Unicode),
|
|
)
|
|
cursor = connection.execute(query)
|
|
return bool(cursor.scalar())
|
|
|
|
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
|
|
v = connection.execute("select version()").scalar()
|
|
m = re.match(
|
|
'.*(?:PostgreSQL|EnterpriseDB) '
|
|
'(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?(?:\.\d+)?(?:devel)?',
|
|
v)
|
|
if not m:
|
|
raise AssertionError(
|
|
"Could not determine version from string '%s'" % v)
|
|
return tuple([int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3) if x is not None])
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_table_oid(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
"""Fetch the oid for schema.table_name.
|
|
|
|
Several reflection methods require the table oid. The idea for using
|
|
this method is that it can be fetched one time and cached for
|
|
subsequent calls.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
table_oid = None
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
schema_where_clause = "n.nspname = :schema"
|
|
else:
|
|
schema_where_clause = "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)"
|
|
query = """
|
|
SELECT c.oid
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
|
|
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
|
|
WHERE (%s)
|
|
AND c.relname = :table_name AND c.relkind in ('r','v')
|
|
""" % schema_where_clause
|
|
# Since we're binding to unicode, table_name and schema_name must be
|
|
# unicode.
|
|
table_name = util.text_type(table_name)
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
schema = util.text_type(schema)
|
|
s = sql.text(query).bindparams(table_name=sqltypes.Unicode)
|
|
s = s.columns(oid=sqltypes.Integer)
|
|
if schema:
|
|
s = s.bindparams(sql.bindparam('schema', type_=sqltypes.Unicode))
|
|
c = connection.execute(s, table_name=table_name, schema=schema)
|
|
table_oid = c.scalar()
|
|
if table_oid is None:
|
|
raise exc.NoSuchTableError(table_name)
|
|
return table_oid
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_schema_names(self, connection, **kw):
|
|
s = """
|
|
SELECT nspname
|
|
FROM pg_namespace
|
|
ORDER BY nspname
|
|
"""
|
|
rp = connection.execute(s)
|
|
# what about system tables?
|
|
|
|
if util.py2k:
|
|
schema_names = [row[0].decode(self.encoding) for row in rp \
|
|
if not row[0].startswith('pg_')]
|
|
else:
|
|
schema_names = [row[0] for row in rp \
|
|
if not row[0].startswith('pg_')]
|
|
return schema_names
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
current_schema = schema
|
|
else:
|
|
current_schema = self.default_schema_name
|
|
|
|
result = connection.execute(
|
|
sql.text("SELECT relname FROM pg_class c "
|
|
"WHERE relkind = 'r' "
|
|
"AND '%s' = (select nspname from pg_namespace n "
|
|
"where n.oid = c.relnamespace) " %
|
|
current_schema,
|
|
typemap={'relname': sqltypes.Unicode}
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
return [row[0] for row in result]
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
current_schema = schema
|
|
else:
|
|
current_schema = self.default_schema_name
|
|
s = """
|
|
SELECT relname
|
|
FROM pg_class c
|
|
WHERE relkind = 'v'
|
|
AND '%(schema)s' = (select nspname from pg_namespace n
|
|
where n.oid = c.relnamespace)
|
|
""" % dict(schema=current_schema)
|
|
|
|
if util.py2k:
|
|
view_names = [row[0].decode(self.encoding)
|
|
for row in connection.execute(s)]
|
|
else:
|
|
view_names = [row[0] for row in connection.execute(s)]
|
|
return view_names
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
if schema is not None:
|
|
current_schema = schema
|
|
else:
|
|
current_schema = self.default_schema_name
|
|
s = """
|
|
SELECT definition FROM pg_views
|
|
WHERE schemaname = :schema
|
|
AND viewname = :view_name
|
|
"""
|
|
rp = connection.execute(sql.text(s),
|
|
view_name=view_name, schema=current_schema)
|
|
if rp:
|
|
if util.py2k:
|
|
view_def = rp.scalar().decode(self.encoding)
|
|
else:
|
|
view_def = rp.scalar()
|
|
return view_def
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
|
|
table_oid = self.get_table_oid(connection, table_name, schema,
|
|
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
|
|
SQL_COLS = """
|
|
SELECT a.attname,
|
|
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),
|
|
(SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid)
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
|
|
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum
|
|
AND a.atthasdef)
|
|
AS DEFAULT,
|
|
a.attnotnull, a.attnum, a.attrelid as table_oid
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
|
|
WHERE a.attrelid = :table_oid
|
|
AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
|
|
ORDER BY a.attnum
|
|
"""
|
|
s = sql.text(SQL_COLS,
|
|
bindparams=[sql.bindparam('table_oid', type_=sqltypes.Integer)],
|
|
typemap={'attname': sqltypes.Unicode, 'default': sqltypes.Unicode}
|
|
)
|
|
c = connection.execute(s, table_oid=table_oid)
|
|
rows = c.fetchall()
|
|
domains = self._load_domains(connection)
|
|
enums = self._load_enums(connection)
|
|
|
|
# format columns
|
|
columns = []
|
|
for name, format_type, default, notnull, attnum, table_oid in rows:
|
|
column_info = self._get_column_info(
|
|
name, format_type, default, notnull, domains, enums, schema)
|
|
columns.append(column_info)
|
|
return columns
|
|
|
|
def _get_column_info(self, name, format_type, default,
|
|
notnull, domains, enums, schema):
|
|
## strip (*) from character varying(5), timestamp(5)
|
|
# with time zone, geometry(POLYGON), etc.
|
|
attype = re.sub(r'\(.*\)', '', format_type)
|
|
|
|
# strip '[]' from integer[], etc.
|
|
attype = re.sub(r'\[\]', '', attype)
|
|
|
|
nullable = not notnull
|
|
is_array = format_type.endswith('[]')
|
|
charlen = re.search('\(([\d,]+)\)', format_type)
|
|
if charlen:
|
|
charlen = charlen.group(1)
|
|
args = re.search('\((.*)\)', format_type)
|
|
if args and args.group(1):
|
|
args = tuple(re.split('\s*,\s*', args.group(1)))
|
|
else:
|
|
args = ()
|
|
kwargs = {}
|
|
|
|
if attype == 'numeric':
|
|
if charlen:
|
|
prec, scale = charlen.split(',')
|
|
args = (int(prec), int(scale))
|
|
else:
|
|
args = ()
|
|
elif attype == 'double precision':
|
|
args = (53, )
|
|
elif attype == 'integer':
|
|
args = ()
|
|
elif attype in ('timestamp with time zone',
|
|
'time with time zone'):
|
|
kwargs['timezone'] = True
|
|
if charlen:
|
|
kwargs['precision'] = int(charlen)
|
|
args = ()
|
|
elif attype in ('timestamp without time zone',
|
|
'time without time zone', 'time'):
|
|
kwargs['timezone'] = False
|
|
if charlen:
|
|
kwargs['precision'] = int(charlen)
|
|
args = ()
|
|
elif attype == 'bit varying':
|
|
kwargs['varying'] = True
|
|
if charlen:
|
|
args = (int(charlen),)
|
|
else:
|
|
args = ()
|
|
elif attype in ('interval', 'interval year to month',
|
|
'interval day to second'):
|
|
if charlen:
|
|
kwargs['precision'] = int(charlen)
|
|
args = ()
|
|
elif charlen:
|
|
args = (int(charlen),)
|
|
|
|
while True:
|
|
if attype in self.ischema_names:
|
|
coltype = self.ischema_names[attype]
|
|
break
|
|
elif attype in enums:
|
|
enum = enums[attype]
|
|
coltype = ENUM
|
|
if "." in attype:
|
|
kwargs['schema'], kwargs['name'] = attype.split('.')
|
|
else:
|
|
kwargs['name'] = attype
|
|
args = tuple(enum['labels'])
|
|
break
|
|
elif attype in domains:
|
|
domain = domains[attype]
|
|
attype = domain['attype']
|
|
# A table can't override whether the domain is nullable.
|
|
nullable = domain['nullable']
|
|
if domain['default'] and not default:
|
|
# It can, however, override the default
|
|
# value, but can't set it to null.
|
|
default = domain['default']
|
|
continue
|
|
else:
|
|
coltype = None
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
if coltype:
|
|
coltype = coltype(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
if is_array:
|
|
coltype = ARRAY(coltype)
|
|
else:
|
|
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
|
|
(attype, name))
|
|
coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
|
|
# adjust the default value
|
|
autoincrement = False
|
|
if default is not None:
|
|
match = re.search(r"""(nextval\(')([^']+)('.*$)""", default)
|
|
if match is not None:
|
|
autoincrement = True
|
|
# the default is related to a Sequence
|
|
sch = schema
|
|
if '.' not in match.group(2) and sch is not None:
|
|
# unconditionally quote the schema name. this could
|
|
# later be enhanced to obey quoting rules /
|
|
# "quote schema"
|
|
default = match.group(1) + \
|
|
('"%s"' % sch) + '.' + \
|
|
match.group(2) + match.group(3)
|
|
|
|
column_info = dict(name=name, type=coltype, nullable=nullable,
|
|
default=default, autoincrement=autoincrement)
|
|
return column_info
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_pk_constraint(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
table_oid = self.get_table_oid(connection, table_name, schema,
|
|
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
|
|
|
|
if self.server_version_info < (8, 4):
|
|
PK_SQL = """
|
|
SELECT a.attname
|
|
FROM
|
|
pg_class t
|
|
join pg_index ix on t.oid = ix.indrelid
|
|
join pg_attribute a
|
|
on t.oid=a.attrelid AND %s
|
|
WHERE
|
|
t.oid = :table_oid and ix.indisprimary = 't'
|
|
ORDER BY a.attnum
|
|
""" % self._pg_index_any("a.attnum", "ix.indkey")
|
|
|
|
else:
|
|
# unnest() and generate_subscripts() both introduced in
|
|
# version 8.4
|
|
PK_SQL = """
|
|
SELECT a.attname
|
|
FROM pg_attribute a JOIN (
|
|
SELECT unnest(ix.indkey) attnum,
|
|
generate_subscripts(ix.indkey, 1) ord
|
|
FROM pg_index ix
|
|
WHERE ix.indrelid = :table_oid AND ix.indisprimary
|
|
) k ON a.attnum=k.attnum
|
|
WHERE a.attrelid = :table_oid
|
|
ORDER BY k.ord
|
|
"""
|
|
t = sql.text(PK_SQL, typemap={'attname': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(t, table_oid=table_oid)
|
|
cols = [r[0] for r in c.fetchall()]
|
|
|
|
PK_CONS_SQL = """
|
|
SELECT conname
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint r
|
|
WHERE r.conrelid = :table_oid AND r.contype = 'p'
|
|
ORDER BY 1
|
|
"""
|
|
t = sql.text(PK_CONS_SQL, typemap={'conname': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(t, table_oid=table_oid)
|
|
name = c.scalar()
|
|
|
|
return {'constrained_columns': cols, 'name': name}
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None,
|
|
postgresql_ignore_search_path=False, **kw):
|
|
preparer = self.identifier_preparer
|
|
table_oid = self.get_table_oid(connection, table_name, schema,
|
|
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
|
|
|
|
FK_SQL = """
|
|
SELECT r.conname,
|
|
pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true) as condef,
|
|
n.nspname as conschema
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint r,
|
|
pg_namespace n,
|
|
pg_class c
|
|
|
|
WHERE r.conrelid = :table AND
|
|
r.contype = 'f' AND
|
|
c.oid = confrelid AND
|
|
n.oid = c.relnamespace
|
|
ORDER BY 1
|
|
"""
|
|
# http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/sql-createtable.html
|
|
FK_REGEX = re.compile(
|
|
r'FOREIGN KEY \((.*?)\) REFERENCES (?:(.*?)\.)?(.*?)\((.*?)\)'
|
|
r'[\s]?(MATCH (FULL|PARTIAL|SIMPLE)+)?'
|
|
r'[\s]?(ON UPDATE (CASCADE|RESTRICT|NO ACTION|SET NULL|SET DEFAULT)+)?'
|
|
r'[\s]?(ON DELETE (CASCADE|RESTRICT|NO ACTION|SET NULL|SET DEFAULT)+)?'
|
|
r'[\s]?(DEFERRABLE|NOT DEFERRABLE)?'
|
|
r'[\s]?(INITIALLY (DEFERRED|IMMEDIATE)+)?'
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
t = sql.text(FK_SQL, typemap={
|
|
'conname': sqltypes.Unicode,
|
|
'condef': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(t, table=table_oid)
|
|
fkeys = []
|
|
for conname, condef, conschema in c.fetchall():
|
|
m = re.search(FK_REGEX, condef).groups()
|
|
|
|
constrained_columns, referred_schema, \
|
|
referred_table, referred_columns, \
|
|
_, match, _, onupdate, _, ondelete, \
|
|
deferrable, _, initially = m
|
|
|
|
if deferrable is not None:
|
|
deferrable = True if deferrable == 'DEFERRABLE' else False
|
|
constrained_columns = [preparer._unquote_identifier(x)
|
|
for x in re.split(r'\s*,\s*', constrained_columns)]
|
|
|
|
if postgresql_ignore_search_path:
|
|
# when ignoring search path, we use the actual schema
|
|
# provided it isn't the "default" schema
|
|
if conschema != self.default_schema_name:
|
|
referred_schema = conschema
|
|
else:
|
|
referred_schema = schema
|
|
elif referred_schema:
|
|
# referred_schema is the schema that we regexp'ed from
|
|
# pg_get_constraintdef(). If the schema is in the search
|
|
# path, pg_get_constraintdef() will give us None.
|
|
referred_schema = \
|
|
preparer._unquote_identifier(referred_schema)
|
|
elif schema is not None and schema == conschema:
|
|
# If the actual schema matches the schema of the table
|
|
# we're reflecting, then we will use that.
|
|
referred_schema = schema
|
|
|
|
referred_table = preparer._unquote_identifier(referred_table)
|
|
referred_columns = [preparer._unquote_identifier(x)
|
|
for x in re.split(r'\s*,\s', referred_columns)]
|
|
fkey_d = {
|
|
'name': conname,
|
|
'constrained_columns': constrained_columns,
|
|
'referred_schema': referred_schema,
|
|
'referred_table': referred_table,
|
|
'referred_columns': referred_columns,
|
|
'options': {
|
|
'onupdate': onupdate,
|
|
'ondelete': ondelete,
|
|
'deferrable': deferrable,
|
|
'initially': initially,
|
|
'match': match
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
fkeys.append(fkey_d)
|
|
return fkeys
|
|
|
|
def _pg_index_any(self, col, compare_to):
|
|
if self.server_version_info < (8, 1):
|
|
# http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/10279.1124395722@sss.pgh.pa.us
|
|
# "In CVS tip you could replace this with "attnum = ANY (indkey)".
|
|
# Unfortunately, most array support doesn't work on int2vector in
|
|
# pre-8.1 releases, so I think you're kinda stuck with the above
|
|
# for now.
|
|
# regards, tom lane"
|
|
return "(%s)" % " OR ".join(
|
|
"%s[%d] = %s" % (compare_to, ind, col)
|
|
for ind in range(0, 10)
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
return "%s = ANY(%s)" % (col, compare_to)
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema, **kw):
|
|
table_oid = self.get_table_oid(connection, table_name, schema,
|
|
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
|
|
|
|
# cast indkey as varchar since it's an int2vector,
|
|
# returned as a list by some drivers such as pypostgresql
|
|
|
|
IDX_SQL = """
|
|
SELECT
|
|
i.relname as relname,
|
|
ix.indisunique, ix.indexprs, ix.indpred,
|
|
a.attname, a.attnum, ix.indkey%s
|
|
FROM
|
|
pg_class t
|
|
join pg_index ix on t.oid = ix.indrelid
|
|
join pg_class i on i.oid=ix.indexrelid
|
|
left outer join
|
|
pg_attribute a
|
|
on t.oid=a.attrelid and %s
|
|
WHERE
|
|
t.relkind = 'r'
|
|
and t.oid = :table_oid
|
|
and ix.indisprimary = 'f'
|
|
ORDER BY
|
|
t.relname,
|
|
i.relname
|
|
""" % (
|
|
# version 8.3 here was based on observing the
|
|
# cast does not work in PG 8.2.4, does work in 8.3.0.
|
|
# nothing in PG changelogs regarding this.
|
|
"::varchar" if self.server_version_info >= (8, 3) else "",
|
|
self._pg_index_any("a.attnum", "ix.indkey")
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
t = sql.text(IDX_SQL, typemap={'attname': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(t, table_oid=table_oid)
|
|
|
|
indexes = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
|
|
|
|
sv_idx_name = None
|
|
for row in c.fetchall():
|
|
idx_name, unique, expr, prd, col, col_num, idx_key = row
|
|
|
|
if expr:
|
|
if idx_name != sv_idx_name:
|
|
util.warn(
|
|
"Skipped unsupported reflection of "
|
|
"expression-based index %s"
|
|
% idx_name)
|
|
sv_idx_name = idx_name
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
if prd and not idx_name == sv_idx_name:
|
|
util.warn(
|
|
"Predicate of partial index %s ignored during reflection"
|
|
% idx_name)
|
|
sv_idx_name = idx_name
|
|
|
|
index = indexes[idx_name]
|
|
if col is not None:
|
|
index['cols'][col_num] = col
|
|
index['key'] = [int(k.strip()) for k in idx_key.split()]
|
|
index['unique'] = unique
|
|
|
|
return [
|
|
{'name': name,
|
|
'unique': idx['unique'],
|
|
'column_names': [idx['cols'][i] for i in idx['key']]}
|
|
for name, idx in indexes.items()
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_unique_constraints(self, connection, table_name,
|
|
schema=None, **kw):
|
|
table_oid = self.get_table_oid(connection, table_name, schema,
|
|
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
|
|
|
|
UNIQUE_SQL = """
|
|
SELECT
|
|
cons.conname as name,
|
|
cons.conkey as key,
|
|
a.attnum as col_num,
|
|
a.attname as col_name
|
|
FROM
|
|
pg_catalog.pg_constraint cons
|
|
join pg_attribute a
|
|
on cons.conrelid = a.attrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(cons.conkey)
|
|
WHERE
|
|
cons.conrelid = :table_oid AND
|
|
cons.contype = 'u'
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
t = sql.text(UNIQUE_SQL, typemap={'col_name': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(t, table_oid=table_oid)
|
|
|
|
uniques = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
|
|
for row in c.fetchall():
|
|
uc = uniques[row.name]
|
|
uc["key"] = row.key
|
|
uc["cols"][row.col_num] = row.col_name
|
|
|
|
return [
|
|
{'name': name,
|
|
'column_names': [uc["cols"][i] for i in uc["key"]]}
|
|
for name, uc in uniques.items()
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
def _load_enums(self, connection):
|
|
if not self.supports_native_enum:
|
|
return {}
|
|
|
|
## Load data types for enums:
|
|
SQL_ENUMS = """
|
|
SELECT t.typname as "name",
|
|
-- no enum defaults in 8.4 at least
|
|
-- t.typdefault as "default",
|
|
pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(t.oid) as "visible",
|
|
n.nspname as "schema",
|
|
e.enumlabel as "label"
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t
|
|
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace
|
|
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_enum e ON t.oid = e.enumtypid
|
|
WHERE t.typtype = 'e'
|
|
ORDER BY "name", e.oid -- e.oid gives us label order
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
s = sql.text(SQL_ENUMS, typemap={
|
|
'attname': sqltypes.Unicode,
|
|
'label': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(s)
|
|
|
|
enums = {}
|
|
for enum in c.fetchall():
|
|
if enum['visible']:
|
|
# 'visible' just means whether or not the enum is in a
|
|
# schema that's on the search path -- or not overridden by
|
|
# a schema with higher precedence. If it's not visible,
|
|
# it will be prefixed with the schema-name when it's used.
|
|
name = enum['name']
|
|
else:
|
|
name = "%s.%s" % (enum['schema'], enum['name'])
|
|
|
|
if name in enums:
|
|
enums[name]['labels'].append(enum['label'])
|
|
else:
|
|
enums[name] = {
|
|
'labels': [enum['label']],
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return enums
|
|
|
|
def _load_domains(self, connection):
|
|
## Load data types for domains:
|
|
SQL_DOMAINS = """
|
|
SELECT t.typname as "name",
|
|
pg_catalog.format_type(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod) as "attype",
|
|
not t.typnotnull as "nullable",
|
|
t.typdefault as "default",
|
|
pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(t.oid) as "visible",
|
|
n.nspname as "schema"
|
|
FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t
|
|
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace
|
|
WHERE t.typtype = 'd'
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
s = sql.text(SQL_DOMAINS, typemap={'attname': sqltypes.Unicode})
|
|
c = connection.execute(s)
|
|
|
|
domains = {}
|
|
for domain in c.fetchall():
|
|
## strip (30) from character varying(30)
|
|
attype = re.search('([^\(]+)', domain['attype']).group(1)
|
|
if domain['visible']:
|
|
# 'visible' just means whether or not the domain is in a
|
|
# schema that's on the search path -- or not overridden by
|
|
# a schema with higher precedence. If it's not visible,
|
|
# it will be prefixed with the schema-name when it's used.
|
|
name = domain['name']
|
|
else:
|
|
name = "%s.%s" % (domain['schema'], domain['name'])
|
|
|
|
domains[name] = {
|
|
'attype': attype,
|
|
'nullable': domain['nullable'],
|
|
'default': domain['default']
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return domains
|