644 lines
25 KiB
Python
644 lines
25 KiB
Python
"""Blocking and non-blocking HTTP client interfaces.
|
|
|
|
This module defines a common interface shared by two implementations,
|
|
``simple_httpclient`` and ``curl_httpclient``. Applications may either
|
|
instantiate their chosen implementation class directly or use the
|
|
`AsyncHTTPClient` class from this module, which selects an implementation
|
|
that can be overridden with the `AsyncHTTPClient.configure` method.
|
|
|
|
The default implementation is ``simple_httpclient``, and this is expected
|
|
to be suitable for most users' needs. However, some applications may wish
|
|
to switch to ``curl_httpclient`` for reasons such as the following:
|
|
|
|
* ``curl_httpclient`` has some features not found in ``simple_httpclient``,
|
|
including support for HTTP proxies and the ability to use a specified
|
|
network interface.
|
|
|
|
* ``curl_httpclient`` is more likely to be compatible with sites that are
|
|
not-quite-compliant with the HTTP spec, or sites that use little-exercised
|
|
features of HTTP.
|
|
|
|
* ``curl_httpclient`` is faster.
|
|
|
|
* ``curl_httpclient`` was the default prior to Tornado 2.0.
|
|
|
|
Note that if you are using ``curl_httpclient``, it is highly
|
|
recommended that you use a recent version of ``libcurl`` and
|
|
``pycurl``. Currently the minimum supported version of libcurl is
|
|
7.21.1, and the minimum version of pycurl is 7.18.2. It is highly
|
|
recommended that your ``libcurl`` installation is built with
|
|
asynchronous DNS resolver (threaded or c-ares), otherwise you may
|
|
encounter various problems with request timeouts (for more
|
|
information, see
|
|
http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html#CURLOPTCONNECTTIMEOUTMS
|
|
and comments in curl_httpclient.py).
|
|
|
|
To select ``curl_httpclient``, call `AsyncHTTPClient.configure` at startup::
|
|
|
|
AsyncHTTPClient.configure("tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient")
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, with_statement
|
|
|
|
import functools
|
|
import time
|
|
import weakref
|
|
|
|
from tornado.concurrent import TracebackFuture
|
|
from tornado.escape import utf8, native_str
|
|
from tornado import httputil, stack_context
|
|
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
|
|
from tornado.util import Configurable
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPClient(object):
|
|
"""A blocking HTTP client.
|
|
|
|
This interface is provided for convenience and testing; most applications
|
|
that are running an IOLoop will want to use `AsyncHTTPClient` instead.
|
|
Typical usage looks like this::
|
|
|
|
http_client = httpclient.HTTPClient()
|
|
try:
|
|
response = http_client.fetch("http://www.google.com/")
|
|
print response.body
|
|
except httpclient.HTTPError as e:
|
|
# HTTPError is raised for non-200 responses; the response
|
|
# can be found in e.response.
|
|
print("Error: " + str(e))
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
# Other errors are possible, such as IOError.
|
|
print("Error: " + str(e))
|
|
http_client.close()
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, async_client_class=None, **kwargs):
|
|
self._io_loop = IOLoop()
|
|
if async_client_class is None:
|
|
async_client_class = AsyncHTTPClient
|
|
self._async_client = async_client_class(self._io_loop, **kwargs)
|
|
self._closed = False
|
|
|
|
def __del__(self):
|
|
self.close()
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Closes the HTTPClient, freeing any resources used."""
|
|
if not self._closed:
|
|
self._async_client.close()
|
|
self._io_loop.close()
|
|
self._closed = True
|
|
|
|
def fetch(self, request, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Executes a request, returning an `HTTPResponse`.
|
|
|
|
The request may be either a string URL or an `HTTPRequest` object.
|
|
If it is a string, we construct an `HTTPRequest` using any additional
|
|
kwargs: ``HTTPRequest(request, **kwargs)``
|
|
|
|
If an error occurs during the fetch, we raise an `HTTPError`.
|
|
"""
|
|
response = self._io_loop.run_sync(functools.partial(
|
|
self._async_client.fetch, request, **kwargs))
|
|
response.rethrow()
|
|
return response
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AsyncHTTPClient(Configurable):
|
|
"""An non-blocking HTTP client.
|
|
|
|
Example usage::
|
|
|
|
def handle_request(response):
|
|
if response.error:
|
|
print "Error:", response.error
|
|
else:
|
|
print response.body
|
|
|
|
http_client = AsyncHTTPClient()
|
|
http_client.fetch("http://www.google.com/", handle_request)
|
|
|
|
The constructor for this class is magic in several respects: It
|
|
actually creates an instance of an implementation-specific
|
|
subclass, and instances are reused as a kind of pseudo-singleton
|
|
(one per `.IOLoop`). The keyword argument ``force_instance=True``
|
|
can be used to suppress this singleton behavior. Unless
|
|
``force_instance=True`` is used, no arguments other than
|
|
``io_loop`` should be passed to the `AsyncHTTPClient` constructor.
|
|
The implementation subclass as well as arguments to its
|
|
constructor can be set with the static method `configure()`
|
|
|
|
All `AsyncHTTPClient` implementations support a ``defaults``
|
|
keyword argument, which can be used to set default values for
|
|
`HTTPRequest` attributes. For example::
|
|
|
|
AsyncHTTPClient.configure(
|
|
None, defaults=dict(user_agent="MyUserAgent"))
|
|
# or with force_instance:
|
|
client = AsyncHTTPClient(force_instance=True,
|
|
defaults=dict(user_agent="MyUserAgent"))
|
|
"""
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def configurable_base(cls):
|
|
return AsyncHTTPClient
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def configurable_default(cls):
|
|
from tornado.simple_httpclient import SimpleAsyncHTTPClient
|
|
return SimpleAsyncHTTPClient
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def _async_clients(cls):
|
|
attr_name = '_async_client_dict_' + cls.__name__
|
|
if not hasattr(cls, attr_name):
|
|
setattr(cls, attr_name, weakref.WeakKeyDictionary())
|
|
return getattr(cls, attr_name)
|
|
|
|
def __new__(cls, io_loop=None, force_instance=False, **kwargs):
|
|
io_loop = io_loop or IOLoop.current()
|
|
if force_instance:
|
|
instance_cache = None
|
|
else:
|
|
instance_cache = cls._async_clients()
|
|
if instance_cache is not None and io_loop in instance_cache:
|
|
return instance_cache[io_loop]
|
|
instance = super(AsyncHTTPClient, cls).__new__(cls, io_loop=io_loop,
|
|
**kwargs)
|
|
# Make sure the instance knows which cache to remove itself from.
|
|
# It can't simply call _async_clients() because we may be in
|
|
# __new__(AsyncHTTPClient) but instance.__class__ may be
|
|
# SimpleAsyncHTTPClient.
|
|
instance._instance_cache = instance_cache
|
|
if instance_cache is not None:
|
|
instance_cache[instance.io_loop] = instance
|
|
return instance
|
|
|
|
def initialize(self, io_loop, defaults=None):
|
|
self.io_loop = io_loop
|
|
self.defaults = dict(HTTPRequest._DEFAULTS)
|
|
if defaults is not None:
|
|
self.defaults.update(defaults)
|
|
self._closed = False
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
"""Destroys this HTTP client, freeing any file descriptors used.
|
|
|
|
This method is **not needed in normal use** due to the way
|
|
that `AsyncHTTPClient` objects are transparently reused.
|
|
``close()`` is generally only necessary when either the
|
|
`.IOLoop` is also being closed, or the ``force_instance=True``
|
|
argument was used when creating the `AsyncHTTPClient`.
|
|
|
|
No other methods may be called on the `AsyncHTTPClient` after
|
|
``close()``.
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
if self._closed:
|
|
return
|
|
self._closed = True
|
|
if self._instance_cache is not None:
|
|
if self._instance_cache.get(self.io_loop) is not self:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("inconsistent AsyncHTTPClient cache")
|
|
del self._instance_cache[self.io_loop]
|
|
|
|
def fetch(self, request, callback=None, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Executes a request, asynchronously returning an `HTTPResponse`.
|
|
|
|
The request may be either a string URL or an `HTTPRequest` object.
|
|
If it is a string, we construct an `HTTPRequest` using any additional
|
|
kwargs: ``HTTPRequest(request, **kwargs)``
|
|
|
|
This method returns a `.Future` whose result is an
|
|
`HTTPResponse`. The ``Future`` will raise an `HTTPError` if
|
|
the request returned a non-200 response code.
|
|
|
|
If a ``callback`` is given, it will be invoked with the `HTTPResponse`.
|
|
In the callback interface, `HTTPError` is not automatically raised.
|
|
Instead, you must check the response's ``error`` attribute or
|
|
call its `~HTTPResponse.rethrow` method.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self._closed:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("fetch() called on closed AsyncHTTPClient")
|
|
if not isinstance(request, HTTPRequest):
|
|
request = HTTPRequest(url=request, **kwargs)
|
|
# We may modify this (to add Host, Accept-Encoding, etc),
|
|
# so make sure we don't modify the caller's object. This is also
|
|
# where normal dicts get converted to HTTPHeaders objects.
|
|
request.headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders(request.headers)
|
|
request = _RequestProxy(request, self.defaults)
|
|
future = TracebackFuture()
|
|
if callback is not None:
|
|
callback = stack_context.wrap(callback)
|
|
|
|
def handle_future(future):
|
|
exc = future.exception()
|
|
if isinstance(exc, HTTPError) and exc.response is not None:
|
|
response = exc.response
|
|
elif exc is not None:
|
|
response = HTTPResponse(
|
|
request, 599, error=exc,
|
|
request_time=time.time() - request.start_time)
|
|
else:
|
|
response = future.result()
|
|
self.io_loop.add_callback(callback, response)
|
|
future.add_done_callback(handle_future)
|
|
|
|
def handle_response(response):
|
|
if response.error:
|
|
future.set_exception(response.error)
|
|
else:
|
|
future.set_result(response)
|
|
self.fetch_impl(request, handle_response)
|
|
return future
|
|
|
|
def fetch_impl(self, request, callback):
|
|
raise NotImplementedError()
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def configure(cls, impl, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Configures the `AsyncHTTPClient` subclass to use.
|
|
|
|
``AsyncHTTPClient()`` actually creates an instance of a subclass.
|
|
This method may be called with either a class object or the
|
|
fully-qualified name of such a class (or ``None`` to use the default,
|
|
``SimpleAsyncHTTPClient``)
|
|
|
|
If additional keyword arguments are given, they will be passed
|
|
to the constructor of each subclass instance created. The
|
|
keyword argument ``max_clients`` determines the maximum number
|
|
of simultaneous `~AsyncHTTPClient.fetch()` operations that can
|
|
execute in parallel on each `.IOLoop`. Additional arguments
|
|
may be supported depending on the implementation class in use.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
AsyncHTTPClient.configure("tornado.curl_httpclient.CurlAsyncHTTPClient")
|
|
"""
|
|
super(AsyncHTTPClient, cls).configure(impl, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPRequest(object):
|
|
"""HTTP client request object."""
|
|
|
|
# Default values for HTTPRequest parameters.
|
|
# Merged with the values on the request object by AsyncHTTPClient
|
|
# implementations.
|
|
_DEFAULTS = dict(
|
|
connect_timeout=20.0,
|
|
request_timeout=20.0,
|
|
follow_redirects=True,
|
|
max_redirects=5,
|
|
decompress_response=True,
|
|
proxy_password='',
|
|
allow_nonstandard_methods=False,
|
|
validate_cert=True)
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, url, method="GET", headers=None, body=None,
|
|
auth_username=None, auth_password=None, auth_mode=None,
|
|
connect_timeout=None, request_timeout=None,
|
|
if_modified_since=None, follow_redirects=None,
|
|
max_redirects=None, user_agent=None, use_gzip=None,
|
|
network_interface=None, streaming_callback=None,
|
|
header_callback=None, prepare_curl_callback=None,
|
|
proxy_host=None, proxy_port=None, proxy_username=None,
|
|
proxy_password=None, allow_nonstandard_methods=None,
|
|
validate_cert=None, ca_certs=None,
|
|
allow_ipv6=None,
|
|
client_key=None, client_cert=None, body_producer=None,
|
|
expect_100_continue=False, decompress_response=None):
|
|
r"""All parameters except ``url`` are optional.
|
|
|
|
:arg string url: URL to fetch
|
|
:arg string method: HTTP method, e.g. "GET" or "POST"
|
|
:arg headers: Additional HTTP headers to pass on the request
|
|
:type headers: `~tornado.httputil.HTTPHeaders` or `dict`
|
|
:arg body: HTTP request body as a string (byte or unicode; if unicode
|
|
the utf-8 encoding will be used)
|
|
:arg body_producer: Callable used for lazy/asynchronous request bodies.
|
|
It is called with one argument, a ``write`` function, and should
|
|
return a `.Future`. It should call the write function with new
|
|
data as it becomes available. The write function returns a
|
|
`.Future` which can be used for flow control.
|
|
Only one of ``body`` and ``body_producer`` may
|
|
be specified. ``body_producer`` is not supported on
|
|
``curl_httpclient``. When using ``body_producer`` it is recommended
|
|
to pass a ``Content-Length`` in the headers as otherwise chunked
|
|
encoding will be used, and many servers do not support chunked
|
|
encoding on requests. New in Tornado 4.0
|
|
:arg string auth_username: Username for HTTP authentication
|
|
:arg string auth_password: Password for HTTP authentication
|
|
:arg string auth_mode: Authentication mode; default is "basic".
|
|
Allowed values are implementation-defined; ``curl_httpclient``
|
|
supports "basic" and "digest"; ``simple_httpclient`` only supports
|
|
"basic"
|
|
:arg float connect_timeout: Timeout for initial connection in seconds
|
|
:arg float request_timeout: Timeout for entire request in seconds
|
|
:arg if_modified_since: Timestamp for ``If-Modified-Since`` header
|
|
:type if_modified_since: `datetime` or `float`
|
|
:arg bool follow_redirects: Should redirects be followed automatically
|
|
or return the 3xx response?
|
|
:arg int max_redirects: Limit for ``follow_redirects``
|
|
:arg string user_agent: String to send as ``User-Agent`` header
|
|
:arg bool decompress_response: Request a compressed response from
|
|
the server and decompress it after downloading. Default is True.
|
|
New in Tornado 4.0.
|
|
:arg bool use_gzip: Deprecated alias for ``decompress_response``
|
|
since Tornado 4.0.
|
|
:arg string network_interface: Network interface to use for request.
|
|
``curl_httpclient`` only; see note below.
|
|
:arg callable streaming_callback: If set, ``streaming_callback`` will
|
|
be run with each chunk of data as it is received, and
|
|
``HTTPResponse.body`` and ``HTTPResponse.buffer`` will be empty in
|
|
the final response.
|
|
:arg callable header_callback: If set, ``header_callback`` will
|
|
be run with each header line as it is received (including the
|
|
first line, e.g. ``HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n``, and a final line
|
|
containing only ``\r\n``. All lines include the trailing newline
|
|
characters). ``HTTPResponse.headers`` will be empty in the final
|
|
response. This is most useful in conjunction with
|
|
``streaming_callback``, because it's the only way to get access to
|
|
header data while the request is in progress.
|
|
:arg callable prepare_curl_callback: If set, will be called with
|
|
a ``pycurl.Curl`` object to allow the application to make additional
|
|
``setopt`` calls.
|
|
:arg string proxy_host: HTTP proxy hostname. To use proxies,
|
|
``proxy_host`` and ``proxy_port`` must be set; ``proxy_username`` and
|
|
``proxy_pass`` are optional. Proxies are currently only supported
|
|
with ``curl_httpclient``.
|
|
:arg int proxy_port: HTTP proxy port
|
|
:arg string proxy_username: HTTP proxy username
|
|
:arg string proxy_password: HTTP proxy password
|
|
:arg bool allow_nonstandard_methods: Allow unknown values for ``method``
|
|
argument?
|
|
:arg bool validate_cert: For HTTPS requests, validate the server's
|
|
certificate?
|
|
:arg string ca_certs: filename of CA certificates in PEM format,
|
|
or None to use defaults. See note below when used with
|
|
``curl_httpclient``.
|
|
:arg bool allow_ipv6: Use IPv6 when available? Default is false in
|
|
``simple_httpclient`` and true in ``curl_httpclient``
|
|
:arg string client_key: Filename for client SSL key, if any. See
|
|
note below when used with ``curl_httpclient``.
|
|
:arg string client_cert: Filename for client SSL certificate, if any.
|
|
See note below when used with ``curl_httpclient``.
|
|
:arg bool expect_100_continue: If true, send the
|
|
``Expect: 100-continue`` header and wait for a continue response
|
|
before sending the request body. Only supported with
|
|
simple_httpclient.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
When using ``curl_httpclient`` certain options may be
|
|
inherited by subsequent fetches because ``pycurl`` does
|
|
not allow them to be cleanly reset. This applies to the
|
|
``ca_certs``, ``client_key``, ``client_cert``, and
|
|
``network_interface`` arguments. If you use these
|
|
options, you should pass them on every request (you don't
|
|
have to always use the same values, but it's not possible
|
|
to mix requests that specify these options with ones that
|
|
use the defaults).
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.1
|
|
The ``auth_mode`` argument.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 4.0
|
|
The ``body_producer`` and ``expect_100_continue`` arguments.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Note that some of these attributes go through property setters
|
|
# defined below.
|
|
self.headers = headers
|
|
if if_modified_since:
|
|
self.headers["If-Modified-Since"] = httputil.format_timestamp(
|
|
if_modified_since)
|
|
self.proxy_host = proxy_host
|
|
self.proxy_port = proxy_port
|
|
self.proxy_username = proxy_username
|
|
self.proxy_password = proxy_password
|
|
self.url = url
|
|
self.method = method
|
|
self.body = body
|
|
self.body_producer = body_producer
|
|
self.auth_username = auth_username
|
|
self.auth_password = auth_password
|
|
self.auth_mode = auth_mode
|
|
self.connect_timeout = connect_timeout
|
|
self.request_timeout = request_timeout
|
|
self.follow_redirects = follow_redirects
|
|
self.max_redirects = max_redirects
|
|
self.user_agent = user_agent
|
|
if decompress_response is not None:
|
|
self.decompress_response = decompress_response
|
|
else:
|
|
self.decompress_response = use_gzip
|
|
self.network_interface = network_interface
|
|
self.streaming_callback = streaming_callback
|
|
self.header_callback = header_callback
|
|
self.prepare_curl_callback = prepare_curl_callback
|
|
self.allow_nonstandard_methods = allow_nonstandard_methods
|
|
self.validate_cert = validate_cert
|
|
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
|
|
self.allow_ipv6 = allow_ipv6
|
|
self.client_key = client_key
|
|
self.client_cert = client_cert
|
|
self.expect_100_continue = expect_100_continue
|
|
self.start_time = time.time()
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def headers(self):
|
|
return self._headers
|
|
|
|
@headers.setter
|
|
def headers(self, value):
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
self._headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders()
|
|
else:
|
|
self._headers = value
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def body(self):
|
|
return self._body
|
|
|
|
@body.setter
|
|
def body(self, value):
|
|
self._body = utf8(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def body_producer(self):
|
|
return self._body_producer
|
|
|
|
@body_producer.setter
|
|
def body_producer(self, value):
|
|
self._body_producer = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def streaming_callback(self):
|
|
return self._streaming_callback
|
|
|
|
@streaming_callback.setter
|
|
def streaming_callback(self, value):
|
|
self._streaming_callback = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def header_callback(self):
|
|
return self._header_callback
|
|
|
|
@header_callback.setter
|
|
def header_callback(self, value):
|
|
self._header_callback = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def prepare_curl_callback(self):
|
|
return self._prepare_curl_callback
|
|
|
|
@prepare_curl_callback.setter
|
|
def prepare_curl_callback(self, value):
|
|
self._prepare_curl_callback = stack_context.wrap(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPResponse(object):
|
|
"""HTTP Response object.
|
|
|
|
Attributes:
|
|
|
|
* request: HTTPRequest object
|
|
|
|
* code: numeric HTTP status code, e.g. 200 or 404
|
|
|
|
* reason: human-readable reason phrase describing the status code
|
|
|
|
* headers: `tornado.httputil.HTTPHeaders` object
|
|
|
|
* effective_url: final location of the resource after following any
|
|
redirects
|
|
|
|
* buffer: ``cStringIO`` object for response body
|
|
|
|
* body: response body as string (created on demand from ``self.buffer``)
|
|
|
|
* error: Exception object, if any
|
|
|
|
* request_time: seconds from request start to finish
|
|
|
|
* time_info: dictionary of diagnostic timing information from the request.
|
|
Available data are subject to change, but currently uses timings
|
|
available from http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_getinfo.html,
|
|
plus ``queue``, which is the delay (if any) introduced by waiting for
|
|
a slot under `AsyncHTTPClient`'s ``max_clients`` setting.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, request, code, headers=None, buffer=None,
|
|
effective_url=None, error=None, request_time=None,
|
|
time_info=None, reason=None):
|
|
if isinstance(request, _RequestProxy):
|
|
self.request = request.request
|
|
else:
|
|
self.request = request
|
|
self.code = code
|
|
self.reason = reason or httputil.responses.get(code, "Unknown")
|
|
if headers is not None:
|
|
self.headers = headers
|
|
else:
|
|
self.headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders()
|
|
self.buffer = buffer
|
|
self._body = None
|
|
if effective_url is None:
|
|
self.effective_url = request.url
|
|
else:
|
|
self.effective_url = effective_url
|
|
if error is None:
|
|
if self.code < 200 or self.code >= 300:
|
|
self.error = HTTPError(self.code, message=self.reason,
|
|
response=self)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.error = None
|
|
else:
|
|
self.error = error
|
|
self.request_time = request_time
|
|
self.time_info = time_info or {}
|
|
|
|
def _get_body(self):
|
|
if self.buffer is None:
|
|
return None
|
|
elif self._body is None:
|
|
self._body = self.buffer.getvalue()
|
|
|
|
return self._body
|
|
|
|
body = property(_get_body)
|
|
|
|
def rethrow(self):
|
|
"""If there was an error on the request, raise an `HTTPError`."""
|
|
if self.error:
|
|
raise self.error
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
args = ",".join("%s=%r" % i for i in sorted(self.__dict__.items()))
|
|
return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, args)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPError(Exception):
|
|
"""Exception thrown for an unsuccessful HTTP request.
|
|
|
|
Attributes:
|
|
|
|
* ``code`` - HTTP error integer error code, e.g. 404. Error code 599 is
|
|
used when no HTTP response was received, e.g. for a timeout.
|
|
|
|
* ``response`` - `HTTPResponse` object, if any.
|
|
|
|
Note that if ``follow_redirects`` is False, redirects become HTTPErrors,
|
|
and you can look at ``error.response.headers['Location']`` to see the
|
|
destination of the redirect.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, code, message=None, response=None):
|
|
self.code = code
|
|
message = message or httputil.responses.get(code, "Unknown")
|
|
self.response = response
|
|
Exception.__init__(self, "HTTP %d: %s" % (self.code, message))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class _RequestProxy(object):
|
|
"""Combines an object with a dictionary of defaults.
|
|
|
|
Used internally by AsyncHTTPClient implementations.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, request, defaults):
|
|
self.request = request
|
|
self.defaults = defaults
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
request_attr = getattr(self.request, name)
|
|
if request_attr is not None:
|
|
return request_attr
|
|
elif self.defaults is not None:
|
|
return self.defaults.get(name, None)
|
|
else:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
|
|
define("print_headers", type=bool, default=False)
|
|
define("print_body", type=bool, default=True)
|
|
define("follow_redirects", type=bool, default=True)
|
|
define("validate_cert", type=bool, default=True)
|
|
args = parse_command_line()
|
|
client = HTTPClient()
|
|
for arg in args:
|
|
try:
|
|
response = client.fetch(arg,
|
|
follow_redirects=options.follow_redirects,
|
|
validate_cert=options.validate_cert,
|
|
)
|
|
except HTTPError as e:
|
|
if e.response is not None:
|
|
response = e.response
|
|
else:
|
|
raise
|
|
if options.print_headers:
|
|
print(response.headers)
|
|
if options.print_body:
|
|
print(native_str(response.body))
|
|
client.close()
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
main()
|