#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2009 Facebook # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. """A non-blocking, single-threaded HTTP server. Typical applications have little direct interaction with the `HTTPServer` class except to start a server at the beginning of the process (and even that is often done indirectly via `tornado.web.Application.listen`). .. versionchanged:: 4.0 The ``HTTPRequest`` class that used to live in this module has been moved to `tornado.httputil.HTTPServerRequest`. The old name remains as an alias. """ from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, with_statement import socket from tornado.escape import native_str from tornado.http1connection import HTTP1ServerConnection, HTTP1ConnectionParameters from tornado import gen from tornado import httputil from tornado import iostream from tornado import netutil from tornado.tcpserver import TCPServer class HTTPServer(TCPServer, httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate): r"""A non-blocking, single-threaded HTTP server. A server is defined by either a request callback that takes a `.HTTPServerRequest` as an argument or a `.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate` instance. A simple example server that echoes back the URI you requested:: import tornado.httpserver import tornado.ioloop from tornado import httputil def handle_request(request): message = "You requested %s\n" % request.uri request.connection.write_headers( httputil.ResponseStartLine('HTTP/1.1', 200, 'OK'), {"Content-Length": str(len(message))}) request.connection.write(message) request.connection.finish() http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(handle_request) http_server.listen(8888) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start() Applications should use the methods of `.HTTPConnection` to write their response. `HTTPServer` supports keep-alive connections by default (automatically for HTTP/1.1, or for HTTP/1.0 when the client requests ``Connection: keep-alive``). If ``xheaders`` is ``True``, we support the ``X-Real-Ip``/``X-Forwarded-For`` and ``X-Scheme``/``X-Forwarded-Proto`` headers, which override the remote IP and URI scheme/protocol for all requests. These headers are useful when running Tornado behind a reverse proxy or load balancer. The ``protocol`` argument can also be set to ``https`` if Tornado is run behind an SSL-decoding proxy that does not set one of the supported ``xheaders``. To make this server serve SSL traffic, send the ``ssl_options`` dictionary argument with the arguments required for the `ssl.wrap_socket` method, including ``certfile`` and ``keyfile``. (In Python 3.2+ you can pass an `ssl.SSLContext` object instead of a dict):: HTTPServer(applicaton, ssl_options={ "certfile": os.path.join(data_dir, "mydomain.crt"), "keyfile": os.path.join(data_dir, "mydomain.key"), }) `HTTPServer` initialization follows one of three patterns (the initialization methods are defined on `tornado.tcpserver.TCPServer`): 1. `~tornado.tcpserver.TCPServer.listen`: simple single-process:: server = HTTPServer(app) server.listen(8888) IOLoop.instance().start() In many cases, `tornado.web.Application.listen` can be used to avoid the need to explicitly create the `HTTPServer`. 2. `~tornado.tcpserver.TCPServer.bind`/`~tornado.tcpserver.TCPServer.start`: simple multi-process:: server = HTTPServer(app) server.bind(8888) server.start(0) # Forks multiple sub-processes IOLoop.instance().start() When using this interface, an `.IOLoop` must *not* be passed to the `HTTPServer` constructor. `~.TCPServer.start` will always start the server on the default singleton `.IOLoop`. 3. `~tornado.tcpserver.TCPServer.add_sockets`: advanced multi-process:: sockets = tornado.netutil.bind_sockets(8888) tornado.process.fork_processes(0) server = HTTPServer(app) server.add_sockets(sockets) IOLoop.instance().start() The `~.TCPServer.add_sockets` interface is more complicated, but it can be used with `tornado.process.fork_processes` to give you more flexibility in when the fork happens. `~.TCPServer.add_sockets` can also be used in single-process servers if you want to create your listening sockets in some way other than `tornado.netutil.bind_sockets`. .. versionchanged:: 4.0 Added ``decompress_request``, ``chunk_size``, ``max_header_size``, ``idle_connection_timeout``, ``body_timeout``, ``max_body_size`` arguments. Added support for `.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate` instances as ``request_callback``. """ def __init__(self, request_callback, no_keep_alive=False, io_loop=None, xheaders=False, ssl_options=None, protocol=None, decompress_request=False, chunk_size=None, max_header_size=None, idle_connection_timeout=None, body_timeout=None, max_body_size=None, max_buffer_size=None): self.request_callback = request_callback self.no_keep_alive = no_keep_alive self.xheaders = xheaders self.protocol = protocol self.conn_params = HTTP1ConnectionParameters( decompress=decompress_request, chunk_size=chunk_size, max_header_size=max_header_size, header_timeout=idle_connection_timeout or 3600, max_body_size=max_body_size, body_timeout=body_timeout) TCPServer.__init__(self, io_loop=io_loop, ssl_options=ssl_options, max_buffer_size=max_buffer_size, read_chunk_size=chunk_size) self._connections = set() @gen.coroutine def close_all_connections(self): while self._connections: # Peek at an arbitrary element of the set conn = next(iter(self._connections)) yield conn.close() def handle_stream(self, stream, address): context = _HTTPRequestContext(stream, address, self.protocol) conn = HTTP1ServerConnection( stream, self.conn_params, context) self._connections.add(conn) conn.start_serving(self) def start_request(self, server_conn, request_conn): return _ServerRequestAdapter(self, request_conn) def on_close(self, server_conn): self._connections.remove(server_conn) class _HTTPRequestContext(object): def __init__(self, stream, address, protocol): self.address = address self.protocol = protocol # Save the socket's address family now so we know how to # interpret self.address even after the stream is closed # and its socket attribute replaced with None. if stream.socket is not None: self.address_family = stream.socket.family else: self.address_family = None # In HTTPServerRequest we want an IP, not a full socket address. if (self.address_family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6) and address is not None): self.remote_ip = address[0] else: # Unix (or other) socket; fake the remote address. self.remote_ip = '0.0.0.0' if protocol: self.protocol = protocol elif isinstance(stream, iostream.SSLIOStream): self.protocol = "https" else: self.protocol = "http" self._orig_remote_ip = self.remote_ip self._orig_protocol = self.protocol def __str__(self): if self.address_family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6): return self.remote_ip elif isinstance(self.address, bytes): # Python 3 with the -bb option warns about str(bytes), # so convert it explicitly. # Unix socket addresses are str on mac but bytes on linux. return native_str(self.address) else: return str(self.address) def _apply_xheaders(self, headers): """Rewrite the ``remote_ip`` and ``protocol`` fields.""" # Squid uses X-Forwarded-For, others use X-Real-Ip ip = headers.get("X-Forwarded-For", self.remote_ip) ip = ip.split(',')[-1].strip() ip = headers.get("X-Real-Ip", ip) if netutil.is_valid_ip(ip): self.remote_ip = ip # AWS uses X-Forwarded-Proto proto_header = headers.get( "X-Scheme", headers.get("X-Forwarded-Proto", self.protocol)) if proto_header in ("http", "https"): self.protocol = proto_header def _unapply_xheaders(self): """Undo changes from `_apply_xheaders`. Xheaders are per-request so they should not leak to the next request on the same connection. """ self.remote_ip = self._orig_remote_ip self.protocol = self._orig_protocol class _ServerRequestAdapter(httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate): """Adapts the `HTTPMessageDelegate` interface to the interface expected by our clients. """ def __init__(self, server, connection): self.server = server self.connection = connection self.request = None if isinstance(server.request_callback, httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate): self.delegate = server.request_callback.start_request(connection) self._chunks = None else: self.delegate = None self._chunks = [] def headers_received(self, start_line, headers): if self.server.xheaders: self.connection.context._apply_xheaders(headers) if self.delegate is None: self.request = httputil.HTTPServerRequest( connection=self.connection, start_line=start_line, headers=headers) else: return self.delegate.headers_received(start_line, headers) def data_received(self, chunk): if self.delegate is None: self._chunks.append(chunk) else: return self.delegate.data_received(chunk) def finish(self): if self.delegate is None: self.request.body = b''.join(self._chunks) self.request._parse_body() self.server.request_callback(self.request) else: self.delegate.finish() self._cleanup() def on_connection_close(self): if self.delegate is None: self._chunks = None else: self.delegate.on_connection_close() self._cleanup() def _cleanup(self): if self.server.xheaders: self.connection.context._unapply_xheaders() HTTPRequest = httputil.HTTPServerRequest