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@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
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package com.moparisthebest.jdbc; |
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/* |
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Derby - Class SimpleApp |
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Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more |
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contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with |
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this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. |
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The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 |
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(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with |
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the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
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limitations under the License. |
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*/ |
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import java.sql.Connection; |
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import java.sql.DriverManager; |
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import java.sql.PreparedStatement; |
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import java.sql.ResultSet; |
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import java.sql.SQLException; |
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import java.sql.Statement; |
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import java.util.ArrayList; |
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import java.util.Properties; |
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/** |
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* <p> |
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* This sample program is a minimal Java application showing JDBC access to a |
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* Derby database.</p> |
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* <p> |
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* Instructions for how to run this program are |
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* given in <A HREF=example.html>example.html</A>, by default located in the |
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* same directory as this source file ($DERBY_HOME/demo/programs/simple/).</p> |
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* <p> |
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* Derby applications can run against Derby running in an embedded |
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* or a client/server framework.</p> |
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* <p> |
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* When Derby runs in an embedded framework, the JDBC application and Derby |
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* run in the same Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The application |
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* starts up the Derby engine.</p> |
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* <p> |
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* When Derby runs in a client/server framework, the application runs in a |
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* different JVM from Derby. The application only needs to load the client |
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* driver, and the connectivity framework (in this case the Derby Network |
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* Server) provides network connections.</p> |
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*/ |
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public class SimpleApp |
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{ |
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/* the default framework is embedded*/ |
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private String framework = "embedded"; |
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private String driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"; |
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private String protocol = "jdbc:derby:"; |
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/** |
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* <p> |
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* Starts the demo by creating a new instance of this class and running |
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* the <code>go()</code> method.</p> |
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* <p> |
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* When you run this application, you may give one of the following |
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* arguments: |
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* <ul> |
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<li><code>embedded</code> - default, if none specified. Will use |
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* Derby's embedded driver. This driver is included in the derby.jar |
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* file.</li> |
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* <li><code>derbyclient</code> - will use the Derby client driver to |
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* access the Derby Network Server. This driver is included in the |
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* derbyclient.jar file.</li> |
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* </ul> |
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* <p> |
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* When you are using a client/server framework, the network server must |
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* already be running when trying to obtain client connections to Derby. |
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* This demo program will will try to connect to a network server on this |
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* host (the localhost), see the <code>protocol</code> instance variable. |
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* </p> |
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* <p> |
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* When running this demo, you must include the correct driver in the |
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* classpath of the JVM. See <a href="example.html">example.html</a> for |
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* details. |
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* </p> |
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* @param args This program accepts one optional argument specifying which |
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* connection framework (JDBC driver) to use (see above). The default |
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* is to use the embedded JDBC driver. |
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*/ |
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public static void main(String[] args) |
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{ |
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new SimpleApp().go(args); |
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System.out.println("SimpleApp finished"); |
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} |
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/** |
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* <p> |
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* Starts the actual demo activities. This includes loading the correct |
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* JDBC driver, creating a database by making a connection to Derby, |
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* creating a table in the database, and inserting, updating and retrieving |
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* some data. Some of the retrieved data is then verified (compared) against |
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* the expected results. Finally, the table is deleted and, if the embedded |
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* framework is used, the database is shut down.</p> |
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* <p> |
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* Generally, when using a client/server framework, other clients may be |
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* (or want to be) connected to the database, so you should be careful about |
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* doing shutdown unless you know that no one else needs to access the |
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* database until it is rebooted. That is why this demo will not shut down |
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* the database unless it is running Derby embedded.</p> |
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* |
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* @param args - Optional argument specifying which framework or JDBC driver |
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* to use to connect to Derby. Default is the embedded framework, |
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* see the <code>main()</code> method for details. |
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* @see #main(String[]) |
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*/ |
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void go(String[] args) |
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{ |
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/* parse the arguments to determine which framework is desired*/ |
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parseArguments(args); |
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System.out.println("SimpleApp starting in " + framework + " mode"); |
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/* load the desired JDBC driver */ |
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loadDriver(); |
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/* We will be using Statement and PreparedStatement objects for |
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* executing SQL. These objects, as well as Connections and ResultSets, |
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* are resources that should be released explicitly after use, hence |
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* the try-catch-finally pattern used below. |
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* We are storing the Statement and Prepared statement object references |
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* in an array list for convenience. |
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*/ |
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Connection conn = null; |
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/* This ArrayList usage may cause a warning when compiling this class
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* with a compiler for J2SE 5.0 or newer. We are not using generics |
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* because we want the source to support J2SE 1.4.2 environments. */ |
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ArrayList statements = new ArrayList(); // list of Statements, PreparedStatements
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PreparedStatement psInsert = null; |
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PreparedStatement psUpdate = null; |
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Statement s = null; |
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ResultSet rs = null; |
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try |
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{ |
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Properties props = new Properties(); // connection properties
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// providing a user name and password is optional in the embedded
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// and derbyclient frameworks
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props.put("user", "user1"); |
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props.put("password", "user1"); |
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/* By default, the schema APP will be used when no username is |
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* provided. |
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* Otherwise, the schema name is the same as the user name (in this |
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* case "user1" or USER1.) |
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* |
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* Note that user authentication is off by default, meaning that any |
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* user can connect to your database using any password. To enable |
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* authentication, see the Derby Developer's Guide. |
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*/ |
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String dbName = "derbyDB"; // the name of the database
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/* |
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* This connection specifies create=true in the connection URL to |
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* cause the database to be created when connecting for the first |
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* time. To remove the database, remove the directory derbyDB (the |
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* same as the database name) and its contents. |
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* |
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* The directory derbyDB will be created under the directory that |
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* the system property derby.system.home points to, or the current |
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* directory (user.dir) if derby.system.home is not set. |
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*/ |
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conn = DriverManager.getConnection(protocol + dbName |
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+ ";create=true", props); |
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System.out.println("Connected to and created database " + dbName); |
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// We want to control transactions manually. Autocommit is on by
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// default in JDBC.
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conn.setAutoCommit(false); |
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/* Creating a statement object that we can use for running various |
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* SQL statements commands against the database.*/ |
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s = conn.createStatement(); |
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statements.add(s); |
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// We create a table...
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s.execute("create table location(num int, addr varchar(40))"); |
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System.out.println("Created table location"); |
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// and add a few rows...
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/* It is recommended to use PreparedStatements when you are |
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* repeating execution of an SQL statement. PreparedStatements also |
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* allows you to parameterize variables. By using PreparedStatements |
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* you may increase performance (because the Derby engine does not |
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* have to recompile the SQL statement each time it is executed) and |
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* improve security (because of Java type checking). |
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*/ |
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// parameter 1 is num (int), parameter 2 is addr (varchar)
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psInsert = conn.prepareStatement( |
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"insert into location values (?, ?)"); |
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statements.add(psInsert); |
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psInsert.setInt(1, 1956); |
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psInsert.setString(2, "Webster St."); |
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psInsert.executeUpdate(); |
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System.out.println("Inserted 1956 Webster"); |
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psInsert.setInt(1, 1910); |
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psInsert.setString(2, "Union St."); |
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psInsert.executeUpdate(); |
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System.out.println("Inserted 1910 Union"); |
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// Let's update some rows as well...
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// parameter 1 and 3 are num (int), parameter 2 is addr (varchar)
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psUpdate = conn.prepareStatement( |
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"update location set num=?, addr=? where num=?"); |
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statements.add(psUpdate); |
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psUpdate.setInt(1, 180); |
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psUpdate.setString(2, "Grand Ave."); |
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psUpdate.setInt(3, 1956); |
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psUpdate.executeUpdate(); |
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System.out.println("Updated 1956 Webster to 180 Grand"); |
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psUpdate.setInt(1, 300); |
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psUpdate.setString(2, "Lakeshore Ave."); |
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psUpdate.setInt(3, 180); |
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psUpdate.executeUpdate(); |
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System.out.println("Updated 180 Grand to 300 Lakeshore"); |
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/* |
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We select the rows and verify the results. |
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*/ |
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rs = s.executeQuery( |
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"SELECT num, addr FROM location ORDER BY num"); |
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/* we expect the first returned column to be an integer (num), |
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* and second to be a String (addr). Rows are sorted by street |
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* number (num). |
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* |
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* Normally, it is best to use a pattern of |
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* while(rs.next()) { |
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* // do something with the result set
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* } |
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* to process all returned rows, but we are only expecting two rows |
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* this time, and want the verification code to be easy to |
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* comprehend, so we use a different pattern. |
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*/ |
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int number; // street number retrieved from the database
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boolean failure = false; |
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if (!rs.next()) |
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{ |
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failure = true; |
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reportFailure("No rows in ResultSet"); |
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} |
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if ((number = rs.getInt(1)) != 300) |
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{ |
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failure = true; |
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reportFailure( |
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"Wrong row returned, expected num=300, got " + number); |
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} |
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if (!rs.next()) |
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{ |
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failure = true; |
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reportFailure("Too few rows"); |
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} |
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if ((number = rs.getInt(1)) != 1910) |
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{ |
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failure = true; |
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reportFailure( |
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"Wrong row returned, expected num=1910, got " + number); |
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} |
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if (rs.next()) |
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{ |
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failure = true; |
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reportFailure("Too many rows"); |
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} |
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if (!failure) { |
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System.out.println("Verified the rows"); |
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} |
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// delete the table
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s.execute("drop table location"); |
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System.out.println("Dropped table location"); |
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/* |
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We commit the transaction. Any changes will be persisted to |
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the database now. |
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*/ |
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conn.commit(); |
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System.out.println("Committed the transaction"); |
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/* |
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* In embedded mode, an application should shut down the database. |
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* If the application fails to shut down the database, |
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* Derby will not perform a checkpoint when the JVM shuts down. |
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* This means that it will take longer to boot (connect to) the |
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* database the next time, because Derby needs to perform a recovery |
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* operation. |
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* |
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* It is also possible to shut down the Derby system/engine, which |
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* automatically shuts down all booted databases. |
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* |
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* Explicitly shutting down the database or the Derby engine with |
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* the connection URL is preferred. This style of shutdown will |
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* always throw an SQLException. |
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* |
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* Not shutting down when in a client environment, see method |
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* Javadoc. |
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*/ |
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if (framework.equals("embedded")) |
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{ |
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try |
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{ |
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// the shutdown=true attribute shuts down Derby
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DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby:;shutdown=true"); |
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// To shut down a specific database only, but keep the
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// engine running (for example for connecting to other
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// databases), specify a database in the connection URL:
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//DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby:" + dbName + ";shutdown=true");
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} |
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catch (SQLException se) |
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{ |
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if (( (se.getErrorCode() == 50000) |
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&& ("XJ015".equals(se.getSQLState()) ))) { |
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// we got the expected exception
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System.out.println("Derby shut down normally"); |
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// Note that for single database shutdown, the expected
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// SQL state is "08006", and the error code is 45000.
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} else { |
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// if the error code or SQLState is different, we have
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// an unexpected exception (shutdown failed)
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System.err.println("Derby did not shut down normally"); |
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printSQLException(se); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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catch (SQLException sqle) |
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{ |
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printSQLException(sqle); |
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|
|
|
} finally { |
|
|
|
|
// release all open resources to avoid unnecessary memory usage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// ResultSet
|
|
|
|
|
try { |
|
|
|
|
if (rs != null) { |
|
|
|
|
rs.close(); |
|
|
|
|
rs = null; |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} catch (SQLException sqle) { |
|
|
|
|
printSQLException(sqle); |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Statements and PreparedStatements
|
|
|
|
|
int i = 0; |
|
|
|
|
while (!statements.isEmpty()) { |
|
|
|
|
// PreparedStatement extend Statement
|
|
|
|
|
Statement st = (Statement)statements.remove(i); |
|
|
|
|
try { |
|
|
|
|
if (st != null) { |
|
|
|
|
st.close(); |
|
|
|
|
st = null; |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} catch (SQLException sqle) { |
|
|
|
|
printSQLException(sqle); |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//Connection
|
|
|
|
|
try { |
|
|
|
|
if (conn != null) { |
|
|
|
|
conn.close(); |
|
|
|
|
conn = null; |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} catch (SQLException sqle) { |
|
|
|
|
printSQLException(sqle); |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/** |
|
|
|
|
* Loads the appropriate JDBC driver for this environment/framework. For |
|
|
|
|
* example, if we are in an embedded environment, we load Derby's |
|
|
|
|
* embedded Driver, <code>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</code>. |
|
|
|
|
*/ |
|
|
|
|
private void loadDriver() { |
|
|
|
|
/* |
|
|
|
|
* The JDBC driver is loaded by loading its class. |
|
|
|
|
* If you are using JDBC 4.0 (Java SE 6) or newer, JDBC drivers may |
|
|
|
|
* be automatically loaded, making this code optional. |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* In an embedded environment, this will also start up the Derby |
|
|
|
|
* engine (though not any databases), since it is not already |
|
|
|
|
* running. In a client environment, the Derby engine is being run |
|
|
|
|
* by the network server framework. |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* In an embedded environment, any static Derby system properties |
|
|
|
|
* must be set before loading the driver to take effect. |
|
|
|
|
*/ |
|
|
|
|
try { |
|
|
|
|
Class.forName(driver).newInstance(); |
|
|
|
|
System.out.println("Loaded the appropriate driver"); |
|
|
|
|
} catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) { |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println("\nUnable to load the JDBC driver " + driver); |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println("Please check your CLASSPATH."); |
|
|
|
|
cnfe.printStackTrace(System.err); |
|
|
|
|
} catch (InstantiationException ie) { |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println( |
|
|
|
|
"\nUnable to instantiate the JDBC driver " + driver); |
|
|
|
|
ie.printStackTrace(System.err); |
|
|
|
|
} catch (IllegalAccessException iae) { |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println( |
|
|
|
|
"\nNot allowed to access the JDBC driver " + driver); |
|
|
|
|
iae.printStackTrace(System.err); |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/** |
|
|
|
|
* Reports a data verification failure to System.err with the given message. |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* @param message A message describing what failed. |
|
|
|
|
*/ |
|
|
|
|
private void reportFailure(String message) { |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println("\nData verification failed:"); |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println('\t' + message); |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/** |
|
|
|
|
* Prints details of an SQLException chain to <code>System.err</code>. |
|
|
|
|
* Details included are SQL State, Error code, Exception message. |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* @param e the SQLException from which to print details. |
|
|
|
|
*/ |
|
|
|
|
public static void printSQLException(SQLException e) |
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
// Unwraps the entire exception chain to unveil the real cause of the
|
|
|
|
|
// Exception.
|
|
|
|
|
while (e != null) |
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println("\n----- SQLException -----"); |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println(" SQL State: " + e.getSQLState()); |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println(" Error Code: " + e.getErrorCode()); |
|
|
|
|
System.err.println(" Message: " + e.getMessage()); |
|
|
|
|
// for stack traces, refer to derby.log or uncomment this:
|
|
|
|
|
//e.printStackTrace(System.err);
|
|
|
|
|
e = e.getNextException(); |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/** |
|
|
|
|
* Parses the arguments given and sets the values of this class' instance |
|
|
|
|
* variables accordingly - that is which framework to use, the name of the |
|
|
|
|
* JDBC driver class, and which connection protocol protocol to use. The |
|
|
|
|
* protocol should be used as part of the JDBC URL when connecting to Derby. |
|
|
|
|
* <p> |
|
|
|
|
* If the argument is "embedded" or invalid, this method will not change |
|
|
|
|
* anything, meaning that the default values will be used.</p> |
|
|
|
|
* <p> |
|
|
|
|
* @param args JDBC connection framework, either "embedded", "derbyclient". |
|
|
|
|
* Only the first argument will be considered, the rest will be ignored. |
|
|
|
|
*/ |
|
|
|
|
private void parseArguments(String[] args) |
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
if (args.length > 0) { |
|
|
|
|
if (args[0].equalsIgnoreCase("derbyclient")) |
|
|
|
|
{ |
|
|
|
|
framework = "derbyclient"; |
|
|
|
|
driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver"; |
|
|
|
|
protocol = "jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/"; |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
|
|
|
|
} |
