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474 lines
18 KiB
HTML
474 lines
18 KiB
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<META http-equiv="content-language" content="en-us">
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<meta name="google-site-verification" content="euF_Ds6ls67K5HQAK1QLmLN-9T0UpvF2SdDOK_qBUIs" />
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<TITLE>TinyGC - Tiny Garbage Collector</TITLE>
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<LINK rev=made href="mailto:ivmai@mail.ru">
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<META name="author" content="Ivan Maidanski">
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<STYLE type="text/css"><!--
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ACRONYM {
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DIV.license {
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.copyright {
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text-align: right;
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white-space: nowrap;
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--></STYLE>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<A href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinygc/">
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<IMG src="http://sflogo.sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=294566&type=14"
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alt="get TinyGC at SourceForge.net" width=150 height=40 border=0></A>
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<H1 align=center>TinyGC</H1>
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<DIV class=subsection>
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<H3>Preface</H3>
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<P>TinyGC is an independent implementation of the API of the well-known
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Boehm-Demers-Weiser Conservative GC ("BDWGC" or "BoehmGC" for short).
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<P>TinyGC has been initially developed as a part of the JCGO project to be
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used as a BoehmGC replacement. At present, TinyGC is a standalone project.
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</DIV>
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<DIV class=download>
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<H3>Download</H3>
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<P>To get the latest <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> stable release source code,
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please visit
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<A href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinygc/files/">"Browse files for
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TinyGC"</A>.
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</DIV>
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<DIV class=subsection>
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<H3>Target environments</H3>
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<P><ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> is designed to be used primary in projects
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requiring Java-like memory garbage collection functionality for:
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<UL>
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<LI>memory constrained environments;
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<LI>8/16-bit systems;
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<LI>BoehmGC temporal replacement (for application debugging, testing and
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benchmarking purposes);
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<LI>targets where <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM> is still not ported to.
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</UL>
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<P><ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> is NOT designed for speed.
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</DIV>
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<DIV class=subsection>
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<H3>Design principles</H3>
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<P>The major principles are:
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<UL>
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<LI>source and binary compatibility with <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>;
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<LI>implements only the minimal subset of the <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>
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<ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> (v7.2) sufficient for the
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Java/<ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-like functionality;
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<LI>highly portable (contains no assembler, no
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machine/<ACRONYM>OS</ACRONYM>-specific code portions) and tunable;
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<LI>supports 16/32/64-bit architectures ("flat" data models only);
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<LI>compact code and small initial internal data size;
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<LI>simple collection World-stopped Mark-and-Sweep algorithm implementation;
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<LI>malloc-based allocation (i.e. every object is allocated using
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<CODE>malloc()</CODE>);
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<LI>objects finalization and memory recycling (reclaiming to the underlaying
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malloc implementation) is done lazily (between collections).
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</UL></DIV>
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<DIV class=subsection>
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<H3>Advantages and drawbacks</H3>
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<P>The major <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> advantages over
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<ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM> are:
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<UL>
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<LI>small code size (it could be as small as 3800 bytes);
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<LI>16-bit architectures are supported;
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<LI>small initial internal data size;
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<LI>less source code (to verify);
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<LI>minimal set of the underlaying
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<ACRONYM>clib</ACRONYM>/<ACRONYM>pthread</ACRONYM>/<ACRONYM>Win32</ACRONYM>
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functions used.
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</UL>
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<P>The drawbacks of <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> are:
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<UL>
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<LI>lower allocation speed and larger world-stopped collection delays
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(typically);
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<LI>only a small subset of the <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>
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<ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> is implemented;
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<LI>no support for <ACRONYM>C++</ACRONYM>;
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<LI>no support for architectures with a separate registers stack (like
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<ACRONYM>IA-64</ACRONYM>);
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<LI>no find-leak and pointer back-trace modes;
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<LI>no automatic registration of static data roots, stack bottom and threads;
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<LI>no "advanced" allocation and collection technologies (no blacklisting,
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memory unmapping, thread-local allocation, parallel marking, generation and
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incremental collections);
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<LI>relies on the underlaying malloc/free() implementation (which may be
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broken for large heaps, like, e.g., in some versions of msvcrt);
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<LI>"all-interior-pointers" mode is limited by the offset of 256
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<CODE>(1 << GC_LOG2_OFFIGNORE)</CODE> bytes (this also means that
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disappearing links must not be placed at this or higher offsets of an
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allocated object);
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<LI>only the length-based descriptor for the <ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-style
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allocation is supported;
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<LI>only Java-like "no-order" finalization policy is implemented.
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</UL></DIV>
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<DIV class=subsection>
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<H3>Notes</H3>
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<P>Release notes:
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<UL>
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<LI>no binary distribution is offered on the official site;
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<LI>no make file (or other building script) is provided.
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</UL>
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<P>Implementation notes:
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<UL>
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<LI>the same environment variables are recognized as in
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<ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>;
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<LI>the finalization and disappearing links implementations are generally the
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same as in <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>;
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<LI>full <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> implementation resides in a single file
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(all the internal symbols are not visible outside);
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<LI>both <ACRONYM>pthreads</ACRONYM> and <ACRONYM>Win32</ACRONYM> threads are
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supported;
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<LI>no thread-safety of the underlaying malloc/free is required;
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<LI>the stack direction is detected at <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM>
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initialization;
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<LI>no warnings are printed;
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<LI>the thread "suspend" handler does not use <ACRONYM>pthread</ACRONYM>
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synchronization primitives (yielding and sleeping are used instead for better
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portability);
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<LI><ACRONYM>CPU</ACRONYM> state is saved by <CODE>setjmp()</CODE>;
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<LI>there is no object "header" (i.e. the original object size is passed to
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the underlaying <CODE>malloc()</CODE>).
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</UL>
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<P>Usage notes:
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<UL>
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<LI>all pointers must be word-aligned;
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<LI>it is assumed that the compiler performs only <ACRONYM>GC</ACRONYM>-safe
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pointer transformations;
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<LI>static data roots must be manually registered;
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<LI>application threads must be manually registered and unregistered;
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<LI>it would be good to use <CODE>GC_call_with_gc_active()</CODE> to record
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the correct main stack base (after <CODE>GC_INIT()</CODE>).
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</UL></DIV>
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<DIV class=subsection>
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<H3>Tuning macros</H3>
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<P>Useful macros for tuning (same as in <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>):
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<UL>
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<LI>GC_DLL - compile to produce a <ACRONYM>DLL</ACRONYM> (gc.dll);
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<LI>ALL_INTERIOR_POINTERS - turn on "all-interior-pointers" mode by default;
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<LI>GC_GCJ_SUPPORT - compile with <ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-style allocation
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support;
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<LI>GC_THREADS - compile with thread support (<ACRONYM>pthread</ACRONYM>-based
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by default);
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<LI>GC_WIN32_THREADS - compile with <ACRONYM>Win32</ACRONYM>-based thread
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support;
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<LI>JAVA_FINALIZATION_NOT_NEEDED - exclude <CODE>GC_finalize_all()</CODE> from
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the <ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM>;
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<LI>DONT_ADD_BYTE_AT_END - do not pad objects even if "all-interior-pointers"
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mode is on;
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<LI>FINALIZE_ON_DEMAND - causes finalizers to be run only in response to
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explicit <CODE>GC_invoke_finalizers()</CODE> calls by default (unless
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overridden at run-time);
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<LI>GC_IGNORE_GCJ_INFO - disable <ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-style type information
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(useful for debugging);
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<LI>GC_DONT_EXPAND - do not implicitly expand the heap by default (unless
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overridden at run-time);
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<LI>GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE=<value> - set the desired default initial heap
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size (in bytes);
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<LI>GC_FREE_SPACE_DIVISOR=<value> - the default trade-off between garbage
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collection and heap growth;
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<LI>GC_MAX_RETRIES=<value> - the default maximum number of garbage
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collections attempted before reporting out of memory after a heap expansion
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failure.
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</UL>
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<P>Major <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM>-specific macros:
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<UL>
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<LI>GC_PRINT_MSGS - compile with statistic and error printing capabilities;
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<LI>GC_GETENV_SKIP - do not recognize any environment variable (for smaller
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code size or for <ACRONYM>WinCE</ACRONYM> targets);
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<LI>GC_WIN32_WCE - compile for <ACRONYM>WinCE</ACRONYM> (use thread Id instead
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of thread handle, and retry on <CODE>SuspendThread()</CODE> failures);
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<LI>GC_NO_INACTIVE, GC_MISC_EXCLUDE - exclude the corresponding parts of the
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<ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> <ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> (for smaller code size);
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<LI>GC_NO_GCBASE, GC_NO_FNLZ, GC_NO_DLINKS, GC_NO_REGISTER_DLINK - exclude the
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support (i.e. expose dummy support) for the corresponding
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<ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> capabilities (for smaller code size);
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<LI>GC_USE_WIN32_SYSTEMTIME - use <ACRONYM>Win32</ACRONYM>
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<CODE>GetSystemTime()</CODE> <ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> call instead of
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<CODE>ftime()</CODE> or <CODE>gettimeofday()</CODE> ones (useful for
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<ACRONYM>WinCE</ACRONYM>);
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<LI>GC_USE_GETTIMEOFDAY - use Unix <CODE>gettimeofday()</CODE>
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<ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> call instead of <CODE>ftime()</CODE> one;
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<LI>GC_OMIT_REGISTER_KEYWORD - ignore <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM> "register" keyword;
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<LI>CONST=/**/ - ignore <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM> "const" keyword;
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<LI>INLINE=/**/ - ignore <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM> "__inline" keyword;
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<LI>GC_FASTCALL=/**/ - ignore <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM>
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<ACRONYM>x86</ACRONYM>-specific "__fastcall" keyword;
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<LI>GC_CLIBDECL=/**/ - ignore <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM>
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<ACRONYM>x86</ACRONYM>-specific "__cdecl" keyword;
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<LI>GC_DATASTATIC=/**/ - do not use <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM> static storage class
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for global data;
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<LI>GC_STATIC=/**/ - do not use <ACRONYM>C</ACRONYM> static linkage for
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<ACRONYM>GC</ACRONYM> internal functions;
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<LI>GC_DATASTARTSYM=<id> - specify the external symbol which is the first
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one in the program data section;
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<LI>GC_DATAENDSYM=<id> - specify the external symbol which is the last one
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in the program data section;
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<LI>GC_DATASTARTSYM2=<id> - specify the external symbol which is the first
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one in the program ".bss" section;
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<LI>GC_DATAENDSYM2=<id> - specify the external symbol which is the last one
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|
|
in the program ".bss" section;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_STACKBOTTOMVAR=<id> - specify the external symbol pointing to the
|
||
|
|
program main thread stack bottom (or top if GC_STACKLEN is 0);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_STACKLENVAR=<id> - specify the external symbol pointing to the
|
||
|
|
program main thread stack size;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_SIG_SUSPEND=<sig_id> - use specific signal to suspend Posix threads;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_WIN32_CONTEXT_SP_NAME=<sp_id> - use specific stack pointer register
|
||
|
|
name (defined in <ACRONYM>Win32</ACRONYM> "winnt.h");
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_LOG2_OFFIGNORE=<value> - explicitly specify the number of address
|
||
|
|
lowest bits ignored for object address hash computations.
|
||
|
|
</UL>
|
||
|
|
<P>Useful macros for client application tuning (same as in
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>):
|
||
|
|
<UL>
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_DONT_EXPAND - do not implicitly expand the heap (unless overridden at
|
||
|
|
run-time);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_DLL - use <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> residing in a
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>DLL</ACRONYM>;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_THREADS - declare the prototypes for the collector multi-threading
|
||
|
|
support;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_CALL=<calling_conv> - explicitly specify calling convention for the
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>GC</ACRONYM> <ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> functions;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_CALLBACK=<calling_conv> - explicitly specify an alternate calling
|
||
|
|
convention for the <ACRONYM>GC</ACRONYM> <ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM> user
|
||
|
|
callbacks;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE=<value> - set the desired initial heap size (in
|
||
|
|
bytes);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_MAXIMUM_HEAP_SIZE=<value> - set the desired maximum heap size (in
|
||
|
|
bytes);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_FREE_SPACE_DIVISOR=<value> - set the desired trade-off between
|
||
|
|
garbage collection and heap growth;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_MAX_RETRIES=<value> - set the desired maximum number of garbage
|
||
|
|
collections attempted before reporting out of memory after a heap expansion
|
||
|
|
failure.
|
||
|
|
</UL>
|
||
|
|
<P>Note 1: if GC_NO_DLINKS is used without GC_NO_REGISTER_DLINK then all the
|
||
|
|
disappearing links are treated as normal pointers.
|
||
|
|
<P>Note 2: for Unix use the command-line options:
|
||
|
|
<PRE><CODE>
|
||
|
|
-DGC_FASTCALL= -DGC_CLIBDECL=
|
||
|
|
</CODE></PRE>
|
||
|
|
<P>Note 3: for Solaris <ACRONYM>SunOS</ACRONYM> "cc" use the command-line
|
||
|
|
options:
|
||
|
|
<PRE><CODE>
|
||
|
|
-DGC_FASTCALL= -DGC_CLIBDECL= -DINLINE=inline -erroff=E_WHITE_SPACE_IN_DIRECTIVE
|
||
|
|
</CODE></PRE></DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DIV class=subsection>
|
||
|
|
<H3>Environment variables</H3>
|
||
|
|
<P>Environment variables recognized (if supported, same as in
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>):
|
||
|
|
<UL>
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_DONT_GC - turn off garbage collection;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_PRINT_STATS - turn on statistic printing on every garbage collection
|
||
|
|
(if supported);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_ALL_INTERIOR_POINTERS - turn on "all-interior-pointers" collector mode;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_IGNORE_GCJ_INFO - ignore the <ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-style type
|
||
|
|
descriptors (if supported);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE=<value> - set the initial heap size (in bytes);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_MAXIMUM_HEAP_SIZE=<value> - set the maximum heap size (in bytes);
|
||
|
|
<LI>GC_FREE_SPACE_DIVISOR=<value> - change the default trade-off between
|
||
|
|
garbage collection and heap growth.
|
||
|
|
</UL>
|
||
|
|
<P>Note: the values assigned to the specified environment variables override
|
||
|
|
the similar default (or the preset at the compilation time) values.
|
||
|
|
</DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DIV class=subsection>
|
||
|
|
<H3>Files list</H3>
|
||
|
|
<P>The <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> distribution consists of:
|
||
|
|
<UL>
|
||
|
|
<LI>ChangeLog - the standard changes log file;
|
||
|
|
<LI>GNU_GPL.txt - the <ACRONYM>GNU</ACRONYM> <ACRONYM>GPLv2</ACRONYM> license;
|
||
|
|
<LI>README.txt - this file;
|
||
|
|
<LI>gc.h - the main include file (the subset of that in
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>);
|
||
|
|
<LI>gc_gcj.h - <ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-style allocation <ACRONYM>API</ACRONYM>
|
||
|
|
(the subset of that in <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>);
|
||
|
|
<LI>gc_mark.h - contains only the constants for the
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>GCJ</ACRONYM>-style length-based descriptors and the collections
|
||
|
|
notifier prototypes;
|
||
|
|
<LI>javaxfc.h - same as in <ACRONYM>BoehmGC</ACRONYM>;
|
||
|
|
<LI>tinygc.c - the <ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM> implementation itself.
|
||
|
|
</UL></DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DIV class=subsection>
|
||
|
|
<H3>User's feedback</H3>
|
||
|
|
<P>Any questions, suggestions, bug reports and patches are welcomed at the
|
||
|
|
<ACRONYM>TinyGC</ACRONYM>
|
||
|
|
<A href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinygc/develop/">site tracker</A>
|
||
|
|
(hosted at SourceForge.net).
|
||
|
|
</DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DIV class=subsection>
|
||
|
|
<H3>External resources</H3>
|
||
|
|
<P>Links to the 3rd-party projects:
|
||
|
|
<UL>
|
||
|
|
<LI><A class=external target="_blank" href="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/">BoehmGC</A>
|
||
|
|
(A garbage collector for C and C++)
|
||
|
|
<LI><A class=external target="_blank" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/">GNU GCJ</A>
|
||
|
|
(a portable optimizing ahead-of-time compiler for Java)
|
||
|
|
</UL>
|
||
|
|
<P>For more links, please visit
|
||
|
|
"<A href="http://www.ivmaisoft.com/jcgo/links.htm">Java and C/C++ developer web resources</A>"
|
||
|
|
hosted on the <ACRONYM>JCGO</ACRONYM> project (a
|
||
|
|
<A href="http://www.ivmaisoft.com/jcgo/">java2c/java2exe</A> solution) site.
|
||
|
|
</DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DIV class=license>
|
||
|
|
<H3>License</H3>
|
||
|
|
<P>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||
|
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||
|
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
|
||
|
|
any later version.
|
||
|
|
<P>This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
||
|
|
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||
|
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
||
|
|
General Public License (GPL) for more details.
|
||
|
|
<P>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||
|
|
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
|
||
|
|
Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
|
||
|
|
<P>Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is
|
||
|
|
making a combined work based on this library. Thus, the terms and
|
||
|
|
conditions of the GNU General Public License cover the whole
|
||
|
|
combination.
|
||
|
|
<P>As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you
|
||
|
|
permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an
|
||
|
|
executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent
|
||
|
|
modules, and to copy and distribute the resulting executable under
|
||
|
|
terms of your choice, provided that you also meet, for each linked
|
||
|
|
independent module, the terms and conditions of the license of that
|
||
|
|
module. An independent module is a module which is not derived from
|
||
|
|
or based on this library. If you modify this library, you may extend
|
||
|
|
this exception to your version of the library, but you are not
|
||
|
|
obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do so, delete this
|
||
|
|
exception statement from your version.
|
||
|
|
</DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DIV class=page-footer>
|
||
|
|
<P class=copyright>© 2006-2010
|
||
|
|
<A class=mailto href="mailto:ivmai@mail.ru">Ivan Maidanski</A>
|
||
|
|
</DIV>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www3.clustrmaps.com/counter/maps.php?url=http://tinygc.sourceforge.net" id="clustrMapsLink"><img src="http://www3.clustrmaps.com/counter/index2.php?url=http://tinygc.sourceforge.net" style="border:0px;" alt="Locations of visitors to this page" title="Locations of visitors to this page" id="clustrMapsImg" onerror="this.onerror=null; this.src='http://www2.clustrmaps.com/images/clustrmaps-back-soon.jpg'; document.getElementById('clustrMapsLink').href='http://www2.clustrmaps.com';" />
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|
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|
||
|
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